大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比研究
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摘要
信噪比是衡量光谱成像仪性能的重要指标之一。大孔径静态干涉光谱仪获取图谱信息的物理和数学过程较为复杂，其信噪比尤其是光谱信噪比评估是仪器研制的主要技术难题之一，目前相关研究尚不全面，未建立完整的信噪比评价方法。本文针对大孔径静态干涉光谱成像系统的信噪比性能评价立题，通过对仪器原理和干涉信息获取方式的深入研究，以及对信噪比主要影响因素的详细分析，提出了完整的大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比计算模型和评价方法，并利用实际工程项目研制的仪器设备进行了测试验证实验。论文的主要研究内容包括：
1、概要介绍了光谱成像技术的基本概念、分类、应用领域以及干涉光谱成像技术的发展现状，同时介绍了光谱成像仪信噪比的预估和评价方法。
2、阐述了干涉型光谱成像技术的基本理论，介绍了获取干涉信息的三种调制方式的原理和特点，并给出了干涉型光谱成像仪不同形式（干涉图、光谱）信噪比的相应定义。
3、分析了不同类型干涉光谱成像仪的干涉成像原理，通过对信号和噪声的特性分析，建立了大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪干涉图信噪比和光谱信噪比的理论计算模型，并给出了计算实例。
4、针对干涉仪分束器、探测器、仪器装调和数据处理四个方面，深入分析了影响大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比的各项因素，并给出了定性或定量分析结论。
5、利用提出的信噪比理论计算模型对自研的大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比进行预估，根据该仪器特点提出了信噪比测试方法，并进行了信噪比测试实验。最后，对理论预估结果和实验测试结果进行比对分析，验证了模型的正确性。
本论文全面研究了大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比的相关问题，提出了该类仪器的信噪比（尤其是光谱信噪比）的评价方法，并在实际工程项目中得到验证。论文研究结果对该类仪器的信噪比评价理论具有较高的学术指导意义，对提高仪器的工程研制水平具有重要的实用价值。
Signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most important parameters whichevaluate the performance of the spectral imagers. Especially for Large Aperture StaticImaging Spectrometry (LASIS), the instrument SNR evaluation appears to be evenmore crucial due to the intricate mathematical and physical process in data acquiring.At present, the mature SNR estimate method has been barely reported. This thesishappens to present a thorough analysis and mathematical model of the SNRevaluation of LASIS system. Furthermore, its theory is put into test by the dataacquired by practical devices designed for engineering purpose. The main contentsinclude:
1. The basic concepts, category, development and applications of spectralimaging technology are briefly introduced. Moreover, the traditional SNR estimateand evaluation methods of spectral imager are given.
2. The fundamental theory of interference spectral imager technology iselaborated. Three different means of modulation to acquire interference data isintroduced and, their basic principle and specialty are discussed. Furthermore, theSNR definition of different interference spectral imager is also presented.
3. The interference theory of different type of spectral imager is analyzed. Bystudying the features of signal and noise, the theoretical models of both interferogramSNR and spectrum SNR of LASIS are established and, the model is put into test byreal data.
4. From four aspects: beam splitter, detector, instrument calibration and dataprocessing, the author analyzes the factors that affect the SNR performance of LASISsystem and also give a elaborated qualitative or quantitative analysis.
5. The SNR estimation of a LASIS prototype which is designed and assembled inour lab is given according to the forementioned SNR theoretical model. Moreover, thetesting method of the instrument is argued and put into practice. Comparing theresults of theoretical prediction and experiment the validity of the model is proved.
The correlative SNR issues about LASIS are well studied in this thesis,especially in the aspect of establishing the SNR evaluation method. The theory andmathematical model are proved to be effective by experiment results. The SNRevaluation theory in the thesis has high academic value and will improve theengineering level of this type of instruments.
1、概要介绍了光谱成像技术的基本概念、分类、应用领域以及干涉光谱成像技术的发展现状，同时介绍了光谱成像仪信噪比的预估和评价方法。
2、阐述了干涉型光谱成像技术的基本理论，介绍了获取干涉信息的三种调制方式的原理和特点，并给出了干涉型光谱成像仪不同形式（干涉图、光谱）信噪比的相应定义。
3、分析了不同类型干涉光谱成像仪的干涉成像原理，通过对信号和噪声的特性分析，建立了大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪干涉图信噪比和光谱信噪比的理论计算模型，并给出了计算实例。
4、针对干涉仪分束器、探测器、仪器装调和数据处理四个方面，深入分析了影响大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比的各项因素，并给出了定性或定量分析结论。
5、利用提出的信噪比理论计算模型对自研的大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比进行预估，根据该仪器特点提出了信噪比测试方法，并进行了信噪比测试实验。最后，对理论预估结果和实验测试结果进行比对分析，验证了模型的正确性。
本论文全面研究了大孔径静态干涉光谱成像仪信噪比的相关问题，提出了该类仪器的信噪比（尤其是光谱信噪比）的评价方法，并在实际工程项目中得到验证。论文研究结果对该类仪器的信噪比评价理论具有较高的学术指导意义，对提高仪器的工程研制水平具有重要的实用价值。
Signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most important parameters whichevaluate the performance of the spectral imagers. Especially for Large Aperture StaticImaging Spectrometry (LASIS), the instrument SNR evaluation appears to be evenmore crucial due to the intricate mathematical and physical process in data acquiring.At present, the mature SNR estimate method has been barely reported. This thesishappens to present a thorough analysis and mathematical model of the SNRevaluation of LASIS system. Furthermore, its theory is put into test by the dataacquired by practical devices designed for engineering purpose. The main contentsinclude:
1. The basic concepts, category, development and applications of spectralimaging technology are briefly introduced. Moreover, the traditional SNR estimateand evaluation methods of spectral imager are given.
2. The fundamental theory of interference spectral imager technology iselaborated. Three different means of modulation to acquire interference data isintroduced and, their basic principle and specialty are discussed. Furthermore, theSNR definition of different interference spectral imager is also presented.
3. The interference theory of different type of spectral imager is analyzed. Bystudying the features of signal and noise, the theoretical models of both interferogramSNR and spectrum SNR of LASIS are established and, the model is put into test byreal data.
4. From four aspects: beam splitter, detector, instrument calibration and dataprocessing, the author analyzes the factors that affect the SNR performance of LASISsystem and also give a elaborated qualitative or quantitative analysis.
5. The SNR estimation of a LASIS prototype which is designed and assembled inour lab is given according to the forementioned SNR theoretical model. Moreover, thetesting method of the instrument is argued and put into practice. Comparing theresults of theoretical prediction and experiment the validity of the model is proved.
The correlative SNR issues about LASIS are well studied in this thesis,especially in the aspect of establishing the SNR evaluation method. The theory andmathematical model are proved to be effective by experiment results. The SNRevaluation theory in the thesis has high academic value and will improve theengineering level of this type of instruments.
引文
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