成像光谱相似矿物识别及其矿物填图的不确定性研究
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摘要
成像光谱遥感技术利用超高的光谱分辨率能够对地物进行连续的光谱成像,近年来在大气科学、生态、地质、水文和海洋等领域发挥着巨大的作用,特别是在地质领域的矿物识别和矿物填图方面尤为成功。但是,对于一些物化属性和光谱特征都十分相近的矿物的区分结果一直不是很理想;另外,成像光谱矿物填图受多种因素影响存在不确定性。在成像光谱矿物填图工程化应用中,空间分辨率和光谱分辨率的变化极大地影响和制约着工程化的实施。本文利用澳大利亚HyMap成像光谱数据,就上述方面的内容做了一些尝试性的分析和讨论,具体的章节内容分布如下:
第一章和第二章简述了论文的选题意义及工作方法路线等,综述了成像光谱矿物区分、光谱重建的研究现状和理论方法以及成像光谱矿物填图的不确定。第三章重点讨论了成像光谱遥感技术解决相似矿物的区分问题。相似矿物因其相近的物理化学属性和光谱特征而在光谱层面利用单一方法不能很好区分。本章首先利用新疆东天山研究区原有的矿物填图结果进行了精度评价,通过对研究区的几条剖面进行成像光谱数据分析、野外PIMA光谱分析和室内岩矿鉴定等综合评价后,选取合适的尺度标准,经验性地总结了成像光谱矿物填图的填绘强度和填绘矿物的丰度之间的线性关系,探索矿物填图精度与矿物的“检出限”之间的关系。同时结果发现虽然其它填绘矿物的精度较好,但在绿泥石与绿帘石、伊利石与白云母等相似矿物的区分上仍然存在不少混淆和误判的现象。
然后通过分析相似矿物的几种表现形式,再根据成像光谱的数据特征,采用针对性的方法对相似矿物进行区分。具体内容包括:①分析了造成矿物填图结果混淆的几种矿物形式的影响,主要是矿物的类质同象、同质多象以及混合矿物等;②成像光谱数据具有数据复杂、波段间相关性高以及存储海量等特点,导致一些分析方法受到限制,甚至造成分析结果变坏。本文在总结前人研究的基础上提出利用“Separating”思想进行数据分析,对数据按照矿物光谱特征进行分块处理,以此来减少数据间的相关性,提高处理速度;对一种方法处理后的数据进行分离,掩膜结果以外的数据,明确处理的方向,消除周边数据可能带来的影响。③采用基于改进的独立组分分析(ICA)矿物分类方法(针对混合矿物和相似矿物)、比值分析方法(针对相似矿物)和相似度分析(针对相似矿物)等相结合的方法,利用适当的组合方式及应用次序,针对性地解决相似矿物区分的问题。
第四章主要分析了成像光谱矿物填图的不确定和影响因素的敏感性。光谱重建是整个成像光谱矿物填图的关键环节。论文首先通过几种大气校正和光谱重建方法的结果分析讨论了它们给填图结果造成的影响。然后论文采用图像模拟的方法,重点讨论了空间分辨率变化、空间分辨率和光谱分辨率联合变化对成像光谱矿物填图的影响。最后,利用一组模拟的图像的填图结果,通过多元线性分析统计模型和判别分析模型定量地分析了空间分辨率和光谱分辨率对矿物填图的敏感性,得出它们对成像光谱矿物填图的影响程度。
With continuously imaging and hyper-spectral resolution for targets, the RemoteSensing technology of Imaging Spectrometry plays an important role in geology,atmospheric science, ecology, hydrology and ocean. Especially, it has succeeded inminerals identification and minerals mapping of geology. However, it can not begotten a better application for minerals that the properties of physics, chemistry andspectral character are quite similar. In addition, it is uncertain because of beingaffected by a lot of factors. In course of its engineering application, the change ofspatial resolution and spectral resolution extremely affects and restricts execution ofengineering. Using the Australia's HyMap hyper-spectral data, the paper expounds theapplication analysis and discusses of identification of similar minerals, uncertaintyand sensitivity of mineral mapping. The main sections are as follows:
In chapter one and chapter two, the paper's topic purporting and workingmethods and routes are summarily explained the and summarized, and presentresearch status and theories and methods of minerals identification of the imagingspectrometry remote sensing technology, spectral rebuilding and uncertainty ofaffecting factors are studied.
Some questions are discussed in chapter three about how to identify similarminerals with emphasis. Because of similarly physical and chemical attributes andSpectral Characteristics, the similar minerals can not be identified in spectral levelwith single method. The chapter first analyzes precision evaluation via intrinsicminerals mapping in the research area in East Tianshan Mountains in XinjiangProvince. Via data analysis of some profiles in research area,spectral analysis of fieldspectrum of PIMA and rock-mineral identification indoor, using appropriate scale, itwas summarized that the linear relation between mapping intensity and mappingabundance of imaging spectra mineral mapping, and explores the relation between theprecision of mineral mapping and “detection limit” of mineral. Although mappingprecision of other minerals is better,chlorite and epidote, illite and muscovite areconfused and identified falsely.
Analyzing some cases of similar minerals, the similar minerals were identifiedwith aimed methods according to imaging spectral data pattern. The contents include:first, there are many causes of mineral mapping confusion, but the major causes areisomorphism, polymorphism and mixture of minerals. Second, because imagingspectrometry data has the characteristics that the data is complex, the relativity of
inter-band is high, and huge memory, it is impossible to analyze it with some methods.Basing of summarizing the past research findings, the pager presents a viewpoint thatcarry on data sub-blocks with “separating” according to mineral spectroscopicCharacteristics, and decreases the relativity of inter-data and increases the workingspeed. After a method is applied to imaging, spectrometry data are separated bymasking it acceptant result, analyzing content is explicated and the affecting ofsurrounding data is removed. Third, aiming at the characteristics and identifyingfactor, minerals are differentiated with based ICA mineral mapping. (Aiming atmixture minerals and similar minerals), ratio analysis (Aiming at similar minerals)and similarity measures analysis methods through appropriate combined mode andapplicable sequence.Chapter four: the uncertainty and sensitivity of affecting factors of imagingspectra mineral mapping are analyzed. Spectrum rebuilding is an important part inimaging spectrometry minerals mapping. Firstly, the influence of atmosphericcorrection and spectral rebuilding methods was discussed. Then, the paper gaveinfluence of minerals mapping which results are got from images that their spatialresolution and spectral resolution are changed. Finally, Multi-linear Statistic Analysisand Discriminant Analysis are used to analyze sensitivity of spatial resolution andspectral resolution for minerals mapping quantificationally through a set of mappingresults of simulating images and a conclusion of effect digree was given.
第一章和第二章简述了论文的选题意义及工作方法路线等,综述了成像光谱矿物区分、光谱重建的研究现状和理论方法以及成像光谱矿物填图的不确定。第三章重点讨论了成像光谱遥感技术解决相似矿物的区分问题。相似矿物因其相近的物理化学属性和光谱特征而在光谱层面利用单一方法不能很好区分。本章首先利用新疆东天山研究区原有的矿物填图结果进行了精度评价,通过对研究区的几条剖面进行成像光谱数据分析、野外PIMA光谱分析和室内岩矿鉴定等综合评价后,选取合适的尺度标准,经验性地总结了成像光谱矿物填图的填绘强度和填绘矿物的丰度之间的线性关系,探索矿物填图精度与矿物的“检出限”之间的关系。同时结果发现虽然其它填绘矿物的精度较好,但在绿泥石与绿帘石、伊利石与白云母等相似矿物的区分上仍然存在不少混淆和误判的现象。
然后通过分析相似矿物的几种表现形式,再根据成像光谱的数据特征,采用针对性的方法对相似矿物进行区分。具体内容包括:①分析了造成矿物填图结果混淆的几种矿物形式的影响,主要是矿物的类质同象、同质多象以及混合矿物等;②成像光谱数据具有数据复杂、波段间相关性高以及存储海量等特点,导致一些分析方法受到限制,甚至造成分析结果变坏。本文在总结前人研究的基础上提出利用“Separating”思想进行数据分析,对数据按照矿物光谱特征进行分块处理,以此来减少数据间的相关性,提高处理速度;对一种方法处理后的数据进行分离,掩膜结果以外的数据,明确处理的方向,消除周边数据可能带来的影响。③采用基于改进的独立组分分析(ICA)矿物分类方法(针对混合矿物和相似矿物)、比值分析方法(针对相似矿物)和相似度分析(针对相似矿物)等相结合的方法,利用适当的组合方式及应用次序,针对性地解决相似矿物区分的问题。
第四章主要分析了成像光谱矿物填图的不确定和影响因素的敏感性。光谱重建是整个成像光谱矿物填图的关键环节。论文首先通过几种大气校正和光谱重建方法的结果分析讨论了它们给填图结果造成的影响。然后论文采用图像模拟的方法,重点讨论了空间分辨率变化、空间分辨率和光谱分辨率联合变化对成像光谱矿物填图的影响。最后,利用一组模拟的图像的填图结果,通过多元线性分析统计模型和判别分析模型定量地分析了空间分辨率和光谱分辨率对矿物填图的敏感性,得出它们对成像光谱矿物填图的影响程度。
With continuously imaging and hyper-spectral resolution for targets, the RemoteSensing technology of Imaging Spectrometry plays an important role in geology,atmospheric science, ecology, hydrology and ocean. Especially, it has succeeded inminerals identification and minerals mapping of geology. However, it can not begotten a better application for minerals that the properties of physics, chemistry andspectral character are quite similar. In addition, it is uncertain because of beingaffected by a lot of factors. In course of its engineering application, the change ofspatial resolution and spectral resolution extremely affects and restricts execution ofengineering. Using the Australia's HyMap hyper-spectral data, the paper expounds theapplication analysis and discusses of identification of similar minerals, uncertaintyand sensitivity of mineral mapping. The main sections are as follows:
In chapter one and chapter two, the paper's topic purporting and workingmethods and routes are summarily explained the and summarized, and presentresearch status and theories and methods of minerals identification of the imagingspectrometry remote sensing technology, spectral rebuilding and uncertainty ofaffecting factors are studied.
Some questions are discussed in chapter three about how to identify similarminerals with emphasis. Because of similarly physical and chemical attributes andSpectral Characteristics, the similar minerals can not be identified in spectral levelwith single method. The chapter first analyzes precision evaluation via intrinsicminerals mapping in the research area in East Tianshan Mountains in XinjiangProvince. Via data analysis of some profiles in research area,spectral analysis of fieldspectrum of PIMA and rock-mineral identification indoor, using appropriate scale, itwas summarized that the linear relation between mapping intensity and mappingabundance of imaging spectra mineral mapping, and explores the relation between theprecision of mineral mapping and “detection limit” of mineral. Although mappingprecision of other minerals is better,chlorite and epidote, illite and muscovite areconfused and identified falsely.
Analyzing some cases of similar minerals, the similar minerals were identifiedwith aimed methods according to imaging spectral data pattern. The contents include:first, there are many causes of mineral mapping confusion, but the major causes areisomorphism, polymorphism and mixture of minerals. Second, because imagingspectrometry data has the characteristics that the data is complex, the relativity of
inter-band is high, and huge memory, it is impossible to analyze it with some methods.Basing of summarizing the past research findings, the pager presents a viewpoint thatcarry on data sub-blocks with “separating” according to mineral spectroscopicCharacteristics, and decreases the relativity of inter-data and increases the workingspeed. After a method is applied to imaging, spectrometry data are separated bymasking it acceptant result, analyzing content is explicated and the affecting ofsurrounding data is removed. Third, aiming at the characteristics and identifyingfactor, minerals are differentiated with based ICA mineral mapping. (Aiming atmixture minerals and similar minerals), ratio analysis (Aiming at similar minerals)and similarity measures analysis methods through appropriate combined mode andapplicable sequence.Chapter four: the uncertainty and sensitivity of affecting factors of imagingspectra mineral mapping are analyzed. Spectrum rebuilding is an important part inimaging spectrometry minerals mapping. Firstly, the influence of atmosphericcorrection and spectral rebuilding methods was discussed. Then, the paper gaveinfluence of minerals mapping which results are got from images that their spatialresolution and spectral resolution are changed. Finally, Multi-linear Statistic Analysisand Discriminant Analysis are used to analyze sensitivity of spatial resolution andspectral resolution for minerals mapping quantificationally through a set of mappingresults of simulating images and a conclusion of effect digree was given.
引文
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