基于WebGIS的铁路绿色选线决策支持系统研究
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摘要
通过借鉴近年来国内外关于公路、铁路选线的成熟设计理念,并考察我国实际情况和铁路选线设计的特点,本论文提出了基于WebGIS铁路绿色选线决策支持系统(GRASDW)的系统性解决方案,该方案基于软件工程和WebGIS技术,兼顾专业的分析问题的能力和综合运用知识的能力,集高效、高性能和跨空间动态分布于一体,是具有人性化及和谐的人机交互设计的绿色选线系统。
本文在国家自然科学基金面上项目(51078361)的资助下,进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1)提出了GRASDW面向对象建模方法,并确定了铁路绿色选线设计领域对象。通过借鉴决策支持系统开发经验,根据铁路选线对其对象模型的提取、解析以及交互操作等需求,采用面向对象抽象方法建立出铁路绿色选线设计方案,并确立了对象在GRASDW中的价值和作用；结合GRASDW特点,提出使用面向对象的统一建模语言(UML)和Microsoft Visio组成线路对象的理念；最后构建了铁路绿色选线设计的领域对象,包括线路决策知识、线路对象和选线地理环境的影响。
2)提出了基于WebGIS的铁路绿色选线决策支持系统的跨空间和跨平台动态系统的实现。基于WebGIS技术可跨空间、跨平台的应用方式,相关数据可以随时记录或者修改,这就使得面向计算机和面向选线领域人员可以通过网络查看决策知识,随时随地和全局保持联系。通过采用WebGIS技术服务,各部门、各站点都可以直接访问到最新的信息和数据,从而实现信息的动态变化,以及异地同步更新。
3)分析了铁路工程对其沿线主要生态敏感区和脆弱区、水土流失、野生动植物和土地的生态环境的影响效应,并对其影响进行了定量分析。选线系统通过结合生态环境信息的分析值和属性值,建立了存储可扩展的生态环境信息的数据库,为铁路绿色选线方案的优选提供了可靠的决策依据。
4)提出了铁路绿色选线决策系统的选线方案。利用对象方法抽象出与选线领域紧密联系的生态环境,并用面向对象技术和UML来描述线路对象；依据铁路绿色选线系统设计的需求,抽象出了多目标决策问题中对象的求解方法,并根据多层筛选“生成——筛选——改进”的办法优化。采用网线栅格最优路径方法分析线路设计平面生成案例,利用16单元的骑士邻域单元模式,并且改进Dijkstra算法,使其在多个线路控制点间生成线路最优值,根据最优值计算出线路方案初始平面图。
5)实现了绿色选线决策方案的生成。为证明所提出的技术方案和方法的科学性及可行性,实现了基于WebGIS的铁路绿色选线决策系统,描述了系统体系的结构、模型的建模方法和各个模块的主要功能,并得出了与实验一致的结果。最后表明了论文理论的正确性和系统方法的可行性。
论文的研究方法和理论结果可为其它铁路选线或可持续发展选线的实现提供参考和操作方法。虽然本文的研究是针对新建铁路路线设计的,但其结果经过一定改进可用于既有线改建设计及增建二线,也可用于类似公路路线系统的开发。该研究结论还可作为其它铁路选线设计中具有类似特点的动态决策过程或土木工程设计的参考依据。
The systemic solution of Green Railway Alignment Selection Decision Support System based on Web-GIS (GRASDW) was illustrated in this dissertation, according to the recent mature design idea of the road and railway location both at home and abroad, combining with the actual situation and features of railway location in China. GRASDW is an efficient, high-powered and dynamically distributed across space man-machine interactive system with professional analytical and comprehensive abilities, which was based on the technology of software engineering and WebGIS.
The author has carried out works as follows, which is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51078361):
1) Object-oriented modeling approach of GRASDW was proposed, and the domain object for railway location was confirmed. The design scheme of green railway location was established by object-oriented extract, analysis and interoperate according to the empirical development of decision and support system. The value and function of the objects in GRASDW were assessed. The unified modeling language (UML) in object-oriented applying and the Microsoft Vision Of line object were presented, as well the domain object containing line decision knowledge, line object and the influence of geographic environment was built.
2) Cross space and platform dynamic realization of green railway alignment selection decision support system based on webGIS is put forward. In view of the crossing space and platform application of WebGIS, the computers and staffs in the selection could record or modify the related data, check the decision support, and connect the current and global information through the network at anytime and anywhere. At the same time, various parts of the sites could have direct access to the latest information and data, as well as the dynamic changes and remote synchronization update.
3) Quantitative analysis of the influence of rail engineering on eco environment in the main ecologically sensitive and weak region was conducted, such as water and soil erosion and wildlife damage. The railway location system established the storable and extensible ecological environment database in line with the assay and attribute value, which made a realiabel support to the green railway selection scheme.
4) Railway location methods in GRASDW was proposed. The eco environment closely contacted with the railway alignment field was abstracted by object method described by objected-oriented technology and UML. As required in GRASDW, object to solve in multi-objective decision making was abstracted and optimized by the rule of multilayer filter "create-filter-improve". By the optimal path method of network cable grid, combined with the16units model, and improving Dijkstra arithmetic, the optimum value among various line control points generated, and the initial plane graph of line scheme could be calculated.
5) The green railway alignment selection decision support system based on WebGIS was put forward and fulfilled. To approve the scientificity and feasibility of the technical proposal, we brought about the GRASDW, described the system structure, modeling method and main function of each module, and achieved the result in accord with experiment. It stated the validity of our thesis theories and feasibility of the systematic method.
6))For testing the Possibility and scientific of Proposed method in this thesis, green railway alignment selection decision support system based on WEB is Put forward and fulfilled, with its architecture, main function and implementing method. The test results of this system manifest that the theories are correct and methods are Practical.
The research method and theoretical results are able to provide reference and operation method for further railway location. Though the study of GRASDW is aimed to newly-built railway design, Though the study of GRASDW is aimed to new railway design, the results can be used to solve design problem concerning reconstruction or double-tracking existing railway by improving. They also can be used to similar road location. Furthermore, those theories and methods can be to dynamical decision or civil engineering design which has the same characteristics as railway location.
本文在国家自然科学基金面上项目(51078361)的资助下,进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1)提出了GRASDW面向对象建模方法,并确定了铁路绿色选线设计领域对象。通过借鉴决策支持系统开发经验,根据铁路选线对其对象模型的提取、解析以及交互操作等需求,采用面向对象抽象方法建立出铁路绿色选线设计方案,并确立了对象在GRASDW中的价值和作用；结合GRASDW特点,提出使用面向对象的统一建模语言(UML)和Microsoft Visio组成线路对象的理念；最后构建了铁路绿色选线设计的领域对象,包括线路决策知识、线路对象和选线地理环境的影响。
2)提出了基于WebGIS的铁路绿色选线决策支持系统的跨空间和跨平台动态系统的实现。基于WebGIS技术可跨空间、跨平台的应用方式,相关数据可以随时记录或者修改,这就使得面向计算机和面向选线领域人员可以通过网络查看决策知识,随时随地和全局保持联系。通过采用WebGIS技术服务,各部门、各站点都可以直接访问到最新的信息和数据,从而实现信息的动态变化,以及异地同步更新。
3)分析了铁路工程对其沿线主要生态敏感区和脆弱区、水土流失、野生动植物和土地的生态环境的影响效应,并对其影响进行了定量分析。选线系统通过结合生态环境信息的分析值和属性值,建立了存储可扩展的生态环境信息的数据库,为铁路绿色选线方案的优选提供了可靠的决策依据。
4)提出了铁路绿色选线决策系统的选线方案。利用对象方法抽象出与选线领域紧密联系的生态环境,并用面向对象技术和UML来描述线路对象；依据铁路绿色选线系统设计的需求,抽象出了多目标决策问题中对象的求解方法,并根据多层筛选“生成——筛选——改进”的办法优化。采用网线栅格最优路径方法分析线路设计平面生成案例,利用16单元的骑士邻域单元模式,并且改进Dijkstra算法,使其在多个线路控制点间生成线路最优值,根据最优值计算出线路方案初始平面图。
5)实现了绿色选线决策方案的生成。为证明所提出的技术方案和方法的科学性及可行性,实现了基于WebGIS的铁路绿色选线决策系统,描述了系统体系的结构、模型的建模方法和各个模块的主要功能,并得出了与实验一致的结果。最后表明了论文理论的正确性和系统方法的可行性。
论文的研究方法和理论结果可为其它铁路选线或可持续发展选线的实现提供参考和操作方法。虽然本文的研究是针对新建铁路路线设计的,但其结果经过一定改进可用于既有线改建设计及增建二线,也可用于类似公路路线系统的开发。该研究结论还可作为其它铁路选线设计中具有类似特点的动态决策过程或土木工程设计的参考依据。
The systemic solution of Green Railway Alignment Selection Decision Support System based on Web-GIS (GRASDW) was illustrated in this dissertation, according to the recent mature design idea of the road and railway location both at home and abroad, combining with the actual situation and features of railway location in China. GRASDW is an efficient, high-powered and dynamically distributed across space man-machine interactive system with professional analytical and comprehensive abilities, which was based on the technology of software engineering and WebGIS.
The author has carried out works as follows, which is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51078361):
1) Object-oriented modeling approach of GRASDW was proposed, and the domain object for railway location was confirmed. The design scheme of green railway location was established by object-oriented extract, analysis and interoperate according to the empirical development of decision and support system. The value and function of the objects in GRASDW were assessed. The unified modeling language (UML) in object-oriented applying and the Microsoft Vision Of line object were presented, as well the domain object containing line decision knowledge, line object and the influence of geographic environment was built.
2) Cross space and platform dynamic realization of green railway alignment selection decision support system based on webGIS is put forward. In view of the crossing space and platform application of WebGIS, the computers and staffs in the selection could record or modify the related data, check the decision support, and connect the current and global information through the network at anytime and anywhere. At the same time, various parts of the sites could have direct access to the latest information and data, as well as the dynamic changes and remote synchronization update.
3) Quantitative analysis of the influence of rail engineering on eco environment in the main ecologically sensitive and weak region was conducted, such as water and soil erosion and wildlife damage. The railway location system established the storable and extensible ecological environment database in line with the assay and attribute value, which made a realiabel support to the green railway selection scheme.
4) Railway location methods in GRASDW was proposed. The eco environment closely contacted with the railway alignment field was abstracted by object method described by objected-oriented technology and UML. As required in GRASDW, object to solve in multi-objective decision making was abstracted and optimized by the rule of multilayer filter "create-filter-improve". By the optimal path method of network cable grid, combined with the16units model, and improving Dijkstra arithmetic, the optimum value among various line control points generated, and the initial plane graph of line scheme could be calculated.
5) The green railway alignment selection decision support system based on WebGIS was put forward and fulfilled. To approve the scientificity and feasibility of the technical proposal, we brought about the GRASDW, described the system structure, modeling method and main function of each module, and achieved the result in accord with experiment. It stated the validity of our thesis theories and feasibility of the systematic method.
6))For testing the Possibility and scientific of Proposed method in this thesis, green railway alignment selection decision support system based on WEB is Put forward and fulfilled, with its architecture, main function and implementing method. The test results of this system manifest that the theories are correct and methods are Practical.
The research method and theoretical results are able to provide reference and operation method for further railway location. Though the study of GRASDW is aimed to newly-built railway design, Though the study of GRASDW is aimed to new railway design, the results can be used to solve design problem concerning reconstruction or double-tracking existing railway by improving. They also can be used to similar road location. Furthermore, those theories and methods can be to dynamical decision or civil engineering design which has the same characteristics as railway location.
引文
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