语言在国际交往中的经济价值研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和信息网络化的深度融合，生产要素(信息、知识、资本等)呈现前所未有的活跃态势，人类比以往任何时候都迫切需要通用的国际交流语言，在全球内进行文化交流和商业贸易活动。英语，作为这种通用语，在国际交流中举足轻重。而汉语，虽然是一个经济迅速崛起、人口大国的语言，其经济价值，相对英语而言，依然处于劣势地位，这不仅阻碍中国经济的发展而且成为阻碍经济全球化的桎梏。在这种世界格局下，美国信息经济学家，JacobMarschack于1965年提出的语言经济学，作为一门年轻的交叉学科倍受人们青睐。当今，语言具有经济价值已成为各国人们的共识，但语言现象衍生的系列经济问题依然是各国亟待解决的难题。从宏观上看，这些问题具体表现在以下五个方面：（1）语言经济学这门年轻的学科研究的内涵和外延是什么？（2）语言的经济价值评估体系如何建立？（3）英语在国际交往中的经济价值是如何体现的？（4）语言经济价值在语言扩张与变迁中的变化规律是什么？（5）汉语应怎样借鉴英语，提升它的经济价值？
作者在论文中，对以上问题逐一进行研究。全文共分八章。第一章为绪论。第二章对国内外相关基础理论给予评述；第三章以探讨语言与经济的相互关系为中心，主要针对语言的宏观互动、经济属性和表征形式进行分析。在此基础上，建构语言经济价值的分析框架。并从宏观、中观和微观三个层次定义了语言经济学，澄清了交叉边缘学科间的模糊地带，完善了语言经济学作为新兴边缘学科的理论体系。第四章设计了语言经济价值的评估体系。将影响语言经济价值的四大因子细化为九个具体指标要素作为评估体系的参考内容，采用层次分析法和定性与定量结合法、确定了世界上两种主要语言在共时范围内经济价值的相对权重，并对语言的经济价值进行量化，为国家语言决策提供科学依据。第五章、第六章和第七章运用平行比较，模型构建、归纳与演绎，对英汉两种语言经济价值的演变历史、提升路径与动因进行系统分析。将语言的全球化演进变迁内嵌于承载语言与经济元素的时空背景下研究语言经济价值的动态变化，构建英汉两种语言经济价值经时-语时曲线，并结合各个时间截点的经济意义，从横向历时和纵向共时的角度阐述英语经济价值的提升动因。
研究发现：其一，英语之所以能发展成一种具有高度经济价值的全球语，全面发展国家经济是基础。其二，搭建全球语言地理平台和语言制度平台，用语言打造名牌产品，赢得国际话语权是关键。其三，疏通多元语言传播渠道，逐步实现语言无障碍交流是经济活动中国际交流的保障。其四,汉语的三大瓶颈，即汉语覆盖地域的限制、汉语国际供需的制约、汉语传播渠道的滞障，影响着汉语经济价值提升。要打破瓶颈，中国应该采取以下战略：即延伸汉语产业链、实现语言产业集聚、开发多渠道汉语传播途径、优化处理国际交往中语言热的趋势，在全面提升国家硬实力的同时，提升国家软实力，使中国在世界经济贸易和文化交流中保持其应有的地位。
Parallel to the profound integration of economic globalization and information network, essential productive factors (information, knowledge, capital and the like) have become unprecedentedly active. Human beings, more than in any prior era, need a globish to conduct culture exchange as well as business activities. English, as such a globish, plays a dominant role in global communication, whereas Chinese, although used by a rising economic power with a large population, is still at a disadvantage which has not only impeded Chinese economic development, but shackled the advancement of global economic development. Against such backdrop, American information economist, Jacob Marschack put forward Language Economics in1965and it soon became people's chief concern as a young rising interdisciplinary subject. Currently, people from different countries have reached a consensus on the economic value of language. Nevertheless, a series of economic problems brought by language derivatives remain the toughest conundrum to be solved by them. Solving them is crucial to the development of the world economy. The research of this dissertation, from a macroscopic perspective, explores the language economic value in global communication, which is embodied in the following five aspects:1.What is the connotation and extension of the discipline, the language economics?2. How does the language incarnate the economic value in global communication?3. What is the law of language of economics in the process of its expansion as well as its vicissitude?4. How can the value evaluation of language economics be established?5. How can Chinese use English for References so as to elevate its economic value?
In this dissertation, the author has done research on questions above. The whole dissertation has eight chapters. Chapter One serves as introduction. Chapter Two gives an account of reviews of relevant theories home and abroad. Chapter Three plumbs the mutual relationship between language and economics with focus on macroscopic interaction, economic attribute and surface features. On the basis of these, an analytical framework on language economic value has been established. In addition, definitions on language economics have been discussed from macroscopic, midscopic and microscopic perspectives, which clarifies the vague definitions of cross-interdisciplinary subjects and consummates the theoretical system the burgeoning subject as well. Chapter Four is the excogitation of appraisal system. The author has taken four major elements which are the most influential elements and divides the language economic value into nine indexes for the appraisal system research and then taken two major languages, English and Chinese, in the world as research subjects by employing an analytic hierarchy process and qualitative and quantitative considerations, to ensure the relative weight of two different languages in synchronic ranges so as to appraise the economic value of the languages embodied in specific economic spheres. The research has provided the scientific basis for the nation policy-making. Chapter Five, Chapter Six and Chapter Seven employ the approaches of parallel comparison, model-construction, combination of induction and deduction synthesis and other research methods which explore historical evolution and transitions of English and Chinese, the channels as well as dynamic causes which are helpful in raising the language economic value. Under such situation, the author constructs the Jinshi-Yushi Curves, and explains the rise of language economic value for English and Chinese at different cutoff points diachronically and synchronically.
The research findings are as follows:first, economics plays a decisive role in the rise of English economic value. Second, to establish geological platforms of language system and to make well-known brand products is the key to win the international discourse power. Third, to dredge the multiple channels of the language and realize communication without language barriers is the endurance of cultural and economic activities in international communication. Fourth, China is now encountering three bottlenecks:limitation of Chinese-spoken area, Chinese language demand and channels for Chinese language promotion. To break through the three bottlenecks, China has adopted the following strategies:to extend Chinese industry chain, to realize language industry clusters, to develop the channels of Chinese promotion abroad together with the management of improper Language Fever in global communication, and to elevate Chinese hard power and soft power simultaneously and comprehensively so that China can play the essencial role in global economic trade and cultural exchange as it should do.
作者在论文中，对以上问题逐一进行研究。全文共分八章。第一章为绪论。第二章对国内外相关基础理论给予评述；第三章以探讨语言与经济的相互关系为中心，主要针对语言的宏观互动、经济属性和表征形式进行分析。在此基础上，建构语言经济价值的分析框架。并从宏观、中观和微观三个层次定义了语言经济学，澄清了交叉边缘学科间的模糊地带，完善了语言经济学作为新兴边缘学科的理论体系。第四章设计了语言经济价值的评估体系。将影响语言经济价值的四大因子细化为九个具体指标要素作为评估体系的参考内容，采用层次分析法和定性与定量结合法、确定了世界上两种主要语言在共时范围内经济价值的相对权重，并对语言的经济价值进行量化，为国家语言决策提供科学依据。第五章、第六章和第七章运用平行比较，模型构建、归纳与演绎，对英汉两种语言经济价值的演变历史、提升路径与动因进行系统分析。将语言的全球化演进变迁内嵌于承载语言与经济元素的时空背景下研究语言经济价值的动态变化，构建英汉两种语言经济价值经时-语时曲线，并结合各个时间截点的经济意义，从横向历时和纵向共时的角度阐述英语经济价值的提升动因。
研究发现：其一，英语之所以能发展成一种具有高度经济价值的全球语，全面发展国家经济是基础。其二，搭建全球语言地理平台和语言制度平台，用语言打造名牌产品，赢得国际话语权是关键。其三，疏通多元语言传播渠道，逐步实现语言无障碍交流是经济活动中国际交流的保障。其四,汉语的三大瓶颈，即汉语覆盖地域的限制、汉语国际供需的制约、汉语传播渠道的滞障，影响着汉语经济价值提升。要打破瓶颈，中国应该采取以下战略：即延伸汉语产业链、实现语言产业集聚、开发多渠道汉语传播途径、优化处理国际交往中语言热的趋势，在全面提升国家硬实力的同时，提升国家软实力，使中国在世界经济贸易和文化交流中保持其应有的地位。
Parallel to the profound integration of economic globalization and information network, essential productive factors (information, knowledge, capital and the like) have become unprecedentedly active. Human beings, more than in any prior era, need a globish to conduct culture exchange as well as business activities. English, as such a globish, plays a dominant role in global communication, whereas Chinese, although used by a rising economic power with a large population, is still at a disadvantage which has not only impeded Chinese economic development, but shackled the advancement of global economic development. Against such backdrop, American information economist, Jacob Marschack put forward Language Economics in1965and it soon became people's chief concern as a young rising interdisciplinary subject. Currently, people from different countries have reached a consensus on the economic value of language. Nevertheless, a series of economic problems brought by language derivatives remain the toughest conundrum to be solved by them. Solving them is crucial to the development of the world economy. The research of this dissertation, from a macroscopic perspective, explores the language economic value in global communication, which is embodied in the following five aspects:1.What is the connotation and extension of the discipline, the language economics?2. How does the language incarnate the economic value in global communication?3. What is the law of language of economics in the process of its expansion as well as its vicissitude?4. How can the value evaluation of language economics be established?5. How can Chinese use English for References so as to elevate its economic value?
In this dissertation, the author has done research on questions above. The whole dissertation has eight chapters. Chapter One serves as introduction. Chapter Two gives an account of reviews of relevant theories home and abroad. Chapter Three plumbs the mutual relationship between language and economics with focus on macroscopic interaction, economic attribute and surface features. On the basis of these, an analytical framework on language economic value has been established. In addition, definitions on language economics have been discussed from macroscopic, midscopic and microscopic perspectives, which clarifies the vague definitions of cross-interdisciplinary subjects and consummates the theoretical system the burgeoning subject as well. Chapter Four is the excogitation of appraisal system. The author has taken four major elements which are the most influential elements and divides the language economic value into nine indexes for the appraisal system research and then taken two major languages, English and Chinese, in the world as research subjects by employing an analytic hierarchy process and qualitative and quantitative considerations, to ensure the relative weight of two different languages in synchronic ranges so as to appraise the economic value of the languages embodied in specific economic spheres. The research has provided the scientific basis for the nation policy-making. Chapter Five, Chapter Six and Chapter Seven employ the approaches of parallel comparison, model-construction, combination of induction and deduction synthesis and other research methods which explore historical evolution and transitions of English and Chinese, the channels as well as dynamic causes which are helpful in raising the language economic value. Under such situation, the author constructs the Jinshi-Yushi Curves, and explains the rise of language economic value for English and Chinese at different cutoff points diachronically and synchronically.
The research findings are as follows:first, economics plays a decisive role in the rise of English economic value. Second, to establish geological platforms of language system and to make well-known brand products is the key to win the international discourse power. Third, to dredge the multiple channels of the language and realize communication without language barriers is the endurance of cultural and economic activities in international communication. Fourth, China is now encountering three bottlenecks:limitation of Chinese-spoken area, Chinese language demand and channels for Chinese language promotion. To break through the three bottlenecks, China has adopted the following strategies:to extend Chinese industry chain, to realize language industry clusters, to develop the channels of Chinese promotion abroad together with the management of improper Language Fever in global communication, and to elevate Chinese hard power and soft power simultaneously and comprehensively so that China can play the essencial role in global economic trade and cultural exchange as it should do.
引文
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