现代电力系统电能质量评估体系的研究
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摘要
本文首先依据当代电力系统的运行状态及电能质量特点,对现代电能质量的内容提出了新的分类方法,即连续型和事件型,其中连续型包括谐波、电压不平衡、电压偏差、频率偏差以及电压波动与闪变,事件型包括电压暂升、暂降、暂时或瞬态过电压和长、短时间电压中断和。电能质量评估体系是建立在此基础上的。
然后,本文系统化地定义了电能质量的各种评估方式,包括:单项评估、综合评估、监测点评估、系统评估、规划评估、兼容评估、指标量化评估和定性等级评估,并从电力用户需求出发,首次给出了电能质量定制评估和公众评估的定义。在分析这些评估方式之间的关系基础上,建立了一个不同视觉的分层电能质量评估体系架构。专业技术层评估是基于监测记录的实测数据,从纵向流程上,按电能质量的指标内容、空间层次和不同结果形式进行技术性评估。应用服务层评估是将技术性评估结果映射到与电力市场实体发生关系的应用服务上。
在建立的体系架构下,本文从评估流程、时间组合、相数组合和指标定义四个评估基本要素出发,分别建立和完善了包括谐波电压、谐波电流、电压不平衡、电压偏差和频率偏差五个连续型电能质量评估模型。
依据事件型电能质量的共同特征以及它们对用户影响的类似性,提出了事件型电能质量评估模型,包括提出的四类电压暂降(含短时间中断)评估指标和完善的长时间电压中断评估指标(传统供电可靠性指标),并提出了事件型电能质量综合评估指标,即供电可靠率修正指标RS*,以评估现代电能质量两大主要问题,电压长时间中断和暂降。
最后,在对电能质量单项指标评估研究的基础上,本文根据综合评价的不同应用环境,提出了依据限值水平的基于短板效应的量化指标和定性等级的电能质量综合评估模型。量化综合指标值是限值或协约值的百分比,便于电力调度和规划部门及时发现问题的严重程度,提供控制措施和治理决策的基础数据。基于设备试验水平、规划水平、兼容水平和特殊低干扰水平,将电力扰动发射域分为五个等级,评估的电能质量等级适合电能质量的多层次需求、定价与交易,激励电力用户和电力公司共同改善和维护良好的电磁环境,最终减少全社会因电能质量问题造成的巨大能源损失和经济损失。
建立的一个体系架构和七个评估模型构成了一个较完整的电能质量评估体系。本文还以多方式多地点的电能质量实地监测数据为基础,进行了评估算例分析,结果显示,提出的评估体系能够有效地实现现代电能质量的全面考量。
According to the power quality (PQ) characteristics of modern power system, a novel classifying method was presented, succession type and event type of PQ. The succession type includes harmonics, voltage unbalance, voltage deviation, power frequency deviation and flicker. The event type includes voltage sags, swells, short duration interruption, sustained interruption and transient over-voltage.
The definition of custom assessment and public assessment of PQ were presented for the need of electric customers. The relationship of single assessment, comprehensive assessment, sites assessment, system assessment, planning assessment, compatibility assessment, quantifying assessment, qualitative assessment, custom assessment and public assessment of power quality were analyzed. Based on it, an infrastructure of power quality assessment system (PQESI) was built from different views. It has two layers. On the technology layer PQ assessment can be made according to quality contents, net circumstances, the forms of outcomes. The results of assessments on the technology layer can be mirrored to the application layer, which faces the entities of electricity market, utilities and power customers. Under the PQESI, from the assessment process, time aggregation, phase aggregation and indices definition, five assessment models of succession type PQ were built, including the assessment models of voltage harmonics, current distortion, voltage unbalance, voltage deviation, and power frequency deviation. Based on the analysis of event-type PQ common characteristics and the influence on end-users caused by them, the assessment model of event-type PQ was proposed. Under the model four-type indices of voltage sags were proposed, 1) event times, 2) economic equivalent interruption hours of events, 3) sag energy, 4) cost of event, and then the comprehensive index of event-type PQ, the corrected reliability index RS*, was represented.
Finally, the comprehensive assessment model of PQ was proposed, including quantifying comprehensive index (QCI) and comprehensive hierarchy evaluation (CHE). All of them are based on the cask effect theory and the limited level of the PQ standards. The value of the QCI is a measure of how much a disturbance type exceeds a maximum acceptable value. The expression of QCI conveniently gives some intuitive judgment and control-decision assistance to the operators. The PQ grade of CHE with limited number of grades is more adaptable to market operation.
An assessment system of PQ (PQAS) was made up of One PQESI and seven assessment models of PQ (PQAMs). Many cases studies based on actual monitored data of PQ showed that the PQAS could effectively test the actual levels of modern PQ.
然后,本文系统化地定义了电能质量的各种评估方式,包括:单项评估、综合评估、监测点评估、系统评估、规划评估、兼容评估、指标量化评估和定性等级评估,并从电力用户需求出发,首次给出了电能质量定制评估和公众评估的定义。在分析这些评估方式之间的关系基础上,建立了一个不同视觉的分层电能质量评估体系架构。专业技术层评估是基于监测记录的实测数据,从纵向流程上,按电能质量的指标内容、空间层次和不同结果形式进行技术性评估。应用服务层评估是将技术性评估结果映射到与电力市场实体发生关系的应用服务上。
在建立的体系架构下,本文从评估流程、时间组合、相数组合和指标定义四个评估基本要素出发,分别建立和完善了包括谐波电压、谐波电流、电压不平衡、电压偏差和频率偏差五个连续型电能质量评估模型。
依据事件型电能质量的共同特征以及它们对用户影响的类似性,提出了事件型电能质量评估模型,包括提出的四类电压暂降(含短时间中断)评估指标和完善的长时间电压中断评估指标(传统供电可靠性指标),并提出了事件型电能质量综合评估指标,即供电可靠率修正指标RS*,以评估现代电能质量两大主要问题,电压长时间中断和暂降。
最后,在对电能质量单项指标评估研究的基础上,本文根据综合评价的不同应用环境,提出了依据限值水平的基于短板效应的量化指标和定性等级的电能质量综合评估模型。量化综合指标值是限值或协约值的百分比,便于电力调度和规划部门及时发现问题的严重程度,提供控制措施和治理决策的基础数据。基于设备试验水平、规划水平、兼容水平和特殊低干扰水平,将电力扰动发射域分为五个等级,评估的电能质量等级适合电能质量的多层次需求、定价与交易,激励电力用户和电力公司共同改善和维护良好的电磁环境,最终减少全社会因电能质量问题造成的巨大能源损失和经济损失。
建立的一个体系架构和七个评估模型构成了一个较完整的电能质量评估体系。本文还以多方式多地点的电能质量实地监测数据为基础,进行了评估算例分析,结果显示,提出的评估体系能够有效地实现现代电能质量的全面考量。
According to the power quality (PQ) characteristics of modern power system, a novel classifying method was presented, succession type and event type of PQ. The succession type includes harmonics, voltage unbalance, voltage deviation, power frequency deviation and flicker. The event type includes voltage sags, swells, short duration interruption, sustained interruption and transient over-voltage.
The definition of custom assessment and public assessment of PQ were presented for the need of electric customers. The relationship of single assessment, comprehensive assessment, sites assessment, system assessment, planning assessment, compatibility assessment, quantifying assessment, qualitative assessment, custom assessment and public assessment of power quality were analyzed. Based on it, an infrastructure of power quality assessment system (PQESI) was built from different views. It has two layers. On the technology layer PQ assessment can be made according to quality contents, net circumstances, the forms of outcomes. The results of assessments on the technology layer can be mirrored to the application layer, which faces the entities of electricity market, utilities and power customers. Under the PQESI, from the assessment process, time aggregation, phase aggregation and indices definition, five assessment models of succession type PQ were built, including the assessment models of voltage harmonics, current distortion, voltage unbalance, voltage deviation, and power frequency deviation. Based on the analysis of event-type PQ common characteristics and the influence on end-users caused by them, the assessment model of event-type PQ was proposed. Under the model four-type indices of voltage sags were proposed, 1) event times, 2) economic equivalent interruption hours of events, 3) sag energy, 4) cost of event, and then the comprehensive index of event-type PQ, the corrected reliability index RS*, was represented.
Finally, the comprehensive assessment model of PQ was proposed, including quantifying comprehensive index (QCI) and comprehensive hierarchy evaluation (CHE). All of them are based on the cask effect theory and the limited level of the PQ standards. The value of the QCI is a measure of how much a disturbance type exceeds a maximum acceptable value. The expression of QCI conveniently gives some intuitive judgment and control-decision assistance to the operators. The PQ grade of CHE with limited number of grades is more adaptable to market operation.
An assessment system of PQ (PQAS) was made up of One PQESI and seven assessment models of PQ (PQAMs). Many cases studies based on actual monitored data of PQ showed that the PQAS could effectively test the actual levels of modern PQ.
引文
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