不同项目中小强度的专项选修课对女大学生心境及心理健康的影响
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摘要
不同项目中小强度的专项选修课对女大学生心境及心理健康的影响
本论文主要包括文献综述和实验研究两部分。在文献综述部分，本文着重探讨了身体锻炼对心境和心理健康的影响；体育教学过程和专项选修课对女大学生的心境和心理健康的影响。
在实验研究部分，主要探讨了不同项目中小强度的专项选修课对女大学生与心境和心理健康的关系。实验随机分强度组和项目组两部分。强度组选择了94名女大学生参与不同强度的专项选修课的实验，其中小强度32人，中强度32人；对照组30人。项目组：106名女大学生参与不同项目的专项选修课的实验，分别为健美操班30人，羽毛球班24人，太极拳班24人，对照班28人。两部分均施以8周时间干预。实验前后分别用POMS和SCL—90量表测试被试的心境和心理健康状况。研究结果显示：(1)中小强度的专项选修课都有利于心境的改善和心理健康水平的提高。经过8周的专项选修课，实验组被试的心境和心理健康状态均有显著性改善，而对照组前后对比则没有显著性变化。(2)在两个强度组的对比中，中等强度组的健心效果显著优于小强度组，表明对女大学生来说，要想获得较好的锻炼心理效益，必须进行中等强度的身体锻炼。(3)本实验中女大学生参与健美操、羽毛球、太极拳项目的专项选修课，经过8周的实验，各项目组被试的心境和心理健康状况都有显著的改善。横向比较，项目组之间无显著差异，说明从事自己有兴趣的运动项目的身体锻炼，均有益于心理健康。
The thesis has two main parts: the theoretical overview and the experimental research. In the theoretical overview, the thesis mainly explores the relationship of psychological well-being with physical exercises, the psychological effects of exercises, and the association between specialized PE courses and the mood and mental health of female college students.
In the experimental study part, the thesis intends to explore the relation of female collegians' psychological well-being with exercise of different intensities and events. The experiment by sampling includes intensity exercise group and event exercise group. 94 female students participated in specialized courses of different intensities (medium and low) exercise experiment, including medium group (n=32), low group (n=32) and control group (n=30). 106 females participated in the event exercise experiment, including physical fitness class (n=30), badminton class (n=24), Tai Chi class (n=24) and control class (n=28). POMS scale and SCL-90 scale were employed to test the mood and mental health index before and after the experiment. Such results have been secured: (1) 8 weeks' specialized courses of moderate intensity can improve the mood and mental health performance. After exercise, the experimental group's mental state improved rapidly, while the check group's performance didn't (2) In the intensities groups, moderate intensity group's exercise got better effect of mental health than light intensity group. So the female freshmen's suitable exercises are moderate. (3) Interested exercise events lead to the same mental effects on mood and mental effects. Base on these results the thesis shows that physical exercises of individual interest are beneficial to mental health.
本论文主要包括文献综述和实验研究两部分。在文献综述部分，本文着重探讨了身体锻炼对心境和心理健康的影响；体育教学过程和专项选修课对女大学生的心境和心理健康的影响。
在实验研究部分，主要探讨了不同项目中小强度的专项选修课对女大学生与心境和心理健康的关系。实验随机分强度组和项目组两部分。强度组选择了94名女大学生参与不同强度的专项选修课的实验，其中小强度32人，中强度32人；对照组30人。项目组：106名女大学生参与不同项目的专项选修课的实验，分别为健美操班30人，羽毛球班24人，太极拳班24人，对照班28人。两部分均施以8周时间干预。实验前后分别用POMS和SCL—90量表测试被试的心境和心理健康状况。研究结果显示：(1)中小强度的专项选修课都有利于心境的改善和心理健康水平的提高。经过8周的专项选修课，实验组被试的心境和心理健康状态均有显著性改善，而对照组前后对比则没有显著性变化。(2)在两个强度组的对比中，中等强度组的健心效果显著优于小强度组，表明对女大学生来说，要想获得较好的锻炼心理效益，必须进行中等强度的身体锻炼。(3)本实验中女大学生参与健美操、羽毛球、太极拳项目的专项选修课，经过8周的实验，各项目组被试的心境和心理健康状况都有显著的改善。横向比较，项目组之间无显著差异，说明从事自己有兴趣的运动项目的身体锻炼，均有益于心理健康。
The thesis has two main parts: the theoretical overview and the experimental research. In the theoretical overview, the thesis mainly explores the relationship of psychological well-being with physical exercises, the psychological effects of exercises, and the association between specialized PE courses and the mood and mental health of female college students.
In the experimental study part, the thesis intends to explore the relation of female collegians' psychological well-being with exercise of different intensities and events. The experiment by sampling includes intensity exercise group and event exercise group. 94 female students participated in specialized courses of different intensities (medium and low) exercise experiment, including medium group (n=32), low group (n=32) and control group (n=30). 106 females participated in the event exercise experiment, including physical fitness class (n=30), badminton class (n=24), Tai Chi class (n=24) and control class (n=28). POMS scale and SCL-90 scale were employed to test the mood and mental health index before and after the experiment. Such results have been secured: (1) 8 weeks' specialized courses of moderate intensity can improve the mood and mental health performance. After exercise, the experimental group's mental state improved rapidly, while the check group's performance didn't (2) In the intensities groups, moderate intensity group's exercise got better effect of mental health than light intensity group. So the female freshmen's suitable exercises are moderate. (3) Interested exercise events lead to the same mental effects on mood and mental effects. Base on these results the thesis shows that physical exercises of individual interest are beneficial to mental health.
引文
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[2] 转引自孔燕，等编著．大学生心理健康教育．合肥：安徽人民出版社 1998：7，9
[3] 转引自颜军，著．体育教学心理学．淮阴：神州出版社，1993：334-335
[4] 潘菽，等编著．中国大百科全书．北京、上海：中国大百科全书出版社，1991
[5] 转引自张力为，等编著．体育运动心理学研究进展．北京：高等教育出版社，2000：538
[6] Caspersen C J, Powell K E, Christenson G M. Physical Activity, Exercise and Physical Fitness: Definition and Distinctions for Health-related Research. Public Health Reports, 1985; (100): 126-131
[7] Anshel M H, Freedson P, Haywood K, Horvat M, Plowman S A. Dictionary of the Sport and Exercise Sciences. Human Kinetics Books. Champaign Illinois, 1991
[8] 毛志雄，等．身体锻炼的情绪效应：研究与思考．天津体育学院学报，1998，2
[9] Csikszentmihalyi, M. Finding Flow: The Psychology Engagement with Everyday Life [M]. New York: Basic Books, 1991
[10] Sachs, M. L. The Runner's High. In M L. Sachs & G W. Buffone. (Eds.), Running as Therapy: An Integrated Approach. Lincoin, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1984
[11] McInman , A. D., & Benger, B. G. Self-concept and mood changes associated with aerobic dance. Australian Journal of Psychology, 1993, 45:134-140
[12] 季浏，等．身体锻炼心理学的研究现状和未来方向．天津体育学院学报，1997，3
[13] Petruzzello S. J, Landers D. M., et al. A Meta-analysis on the Anxiety Reducing Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise. Sports Medicine, 1991; 11(3): 143-182
[14] North T. C, Mc. Cullagh P, Tran Z, V. Effect of Exercise on Depression. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1990, 18:379-415
[15] 毛志雄，等．北京城区中老年人身体锻炼与心理健康的关系：情绪围度的研究．北京体育大学学报，1996，19(增刊)
[16] Morgan W. P, Goldston S E. (Eds.). Exercise and Mental Health. New York: Hemisphere, 1987
[17] 黄希庭．青少年身体自我研究述评．西北师大学报，社会科学版，2000，6
[18] Valliant, P.M., & Asu, M. E., Exercise and its effects on cognition and physiology in older adults. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 1985, 63: 955-961
[19] 转引自任未多．身体活动与运动锻炼的心理效应．体育科学，1997，3
[20] 姒刚彦．体育活动与心理健康．武汉体育学院学报，1994，3
[21] 转引自杨剑．体育锻炼与人的自我概念发展．解放军体育学院学报，2002，1
[22] 转引自李京诚．身体锻炼心理某些领域的研究综述．北京体育师范学院学报，1999，3
[23] Sonstroem . Planning for self-esteem change through exercise [C]. ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B. V. 1991:355-363
[24] Wells, L.E., Marwell, G. Self-esteem: Its' conceptualization and measurement. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1976
[25] 张静．自尊问题研究综述．南京航空航天大学学报，社会科学版，2002，2
[26] 转引自李祥，主编．学校体育学．北京：高等教育出版社，2001：24
[27] 叶奕乾，等编．普通心理学(修订本)．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2000：353
[28] 朱宝荣著．现代心理学原理与应用．上海：上海人民出版社，2002：126
[29] 祝蓓里．简式POMS中国常模[M]．上海：华东师大体育系，1994
[30] 姒刚彦，等．BFS两次检验的介绍与结果对比分析．西安体育学院学报，1997，1
[31] 陈鼓应．老子注译及评介．北京：中华书局，1984
[32] 转引自刘杰，略谈孔子的心理卫生思想．岱宗学刊，2000，2
[33] 颜军．论运动心理学的本土化．天津体育学院学报，1998，2
[34] M．艾森克主编．阎巩固译．心理学——一条整合的途径．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2000：742
[35] 邢建辉，等．心境与体育运动．武汉体育学院学报，1996，1
[36] McDonald, D.G.; Hodgdon, J.A. The Psychological Effect of Aerobic Fitness Training . Spnnger Verlag New York, 1991
[37] Arent, S.M. Landers, D.M., & Etnier, J.L. The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: A meta - analytic review [J]. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2000, 8:416-419
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