麻黄山西区块北部延安组沉积微相及储层评价研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地西缘麻黄山西区块中生界延安组具有良好的油气勘探潜力,截止目前在其周边已发现李庄子、红井子,大水坑侏罗系油田,在其内部分布着摆宴井、环池侏罗系油田;在研究区,宁东3、5井于延8油层组均获得不含水的高产工业油流,宁东17-2井则在延5油层组试油获近60m3的高产油流,都证实了麻黄山西区块延安组良好的油气勘探潜力;但随着勘探开发的深入,发现由于对延安组储层沉积微相、储层特征等方面上的认识不足,直接影响了油气的勘探效果,为此深入研究麻黄山地区延安组各油层组沉积特征和储层特征,对该油田的下一步勘探与开发具有重要的指导意义。
本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,利用岩心、野外露头、测井、录井、地震、薄片等资料,首先对麻黄山地区延安组沉积微相进行了综合分析,认为麻黄山地区延安组主体为三角洲平原沉积,延10～延8段及延6～延5段均属于三角洲平原沉积,能识别出分流河道、天然堤、决口扇、沼泽和分流间湾5种微相,而延7段属于三角洲前缘及前三角洲沉积,主要为水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、分流间湾以及前三角洲泥5种微相。
储层岩石学特征研究表明,研究区延安组地层岩石成分具有分区性,延10段～延9段主要为粗-中粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩;延8段、延6段、延5段主要以细粒长石砂岩为主,含少量的石英砂岩。延安组砂岩粒度自下往上有变细的趋势;同时由于岩石成分不同,造成研究区东西部成岩作用及成岩序列不同,西部石英砂岩发育,填隙物含量低,主要为石英的弱次生加大,压实作用不明显,粒间孔发育;东部长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩发育区,长石的溶蚀作用明显,压实较西部强,铁方解石、铁白云石、硬石膏及重晶石胶结程度差别大,胶结程度低的区域是高效储层发育区。
通过物性分析、压汞数据、薄片观察可知,延安组孔隙类型有粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀缝等,孔隙度分布峰值主要集中在8%～18%,平均值为12.87%,渗透率峰值主要集中在(0.1～1.5)×10-3μm2和(>10)×10-3μm2两个区间,平均值为48.69×10-3μm2,而且从延10～延8段储层物性逐渐变好;按照毛细管压力曲线形态将储层划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类,同时利用饱和度中值毛管压力值,计算出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类储层生产油所需的闭合高度,认为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层由于储集物性好,所需产油闭合高度小(<10m),而延安组储层厚度很多在10米以上,因此具备产油能力;Ⅲ类储层由于储集物性差,所需产油闭合高度大(>100m),在不采取改造措施的情况下,其不具备产油能力。
在压汞资料统计的基础上,结合油水相对渗透率分析、生产资料分析,确定延安组孔隙度下限为8%,渗透率下限为0.5×10-3μm2,束缚水饱和度为35%,残余油饱和度为30%,建立储层分类评价标准,进行单井储层评价。
研究区控制储层物性的因素主要有沉积微相、构造作用和成岩作用,分析认为优质储层主要发育在砂体厚度大、压实作用弱、胶结作用弱,溶蚀作用强,次生孔隙发育的、构造部位高的中砂岩岩相内。
最后在上述分析的基础上,结合油气分布规律研究、储层分类评价标准,对研究区延安组不同层段有利储层发育区进行了预测。
The Mesozoic Yan’an fomation of Mahuangshan area has a fine hydrocarbon exploration potential in the western Ordos Basin.Up to now, Many Jurassic oil fields have been found around Li zhuang zi、Hong jing zi and Da shui keng regions,e.g. Bai Yan Jing and Huan Chi Jurassic oil fields.Recently, Yan 8 in ND3 and ND5 wells have achieved high-yield industrial oil flow without any water,and ND17-2 well got about 60m3 high-yield oil flow in Yan 5 by production test.All of those comfirm a fine hydrocarbon exploration potential of Yan’an formation in Mahuangshan area.However,with the advance of the exploration and development it can be found that many factors have directly curbed hydrocarbon exploration,e.g. lacks of knowledge of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir characteristics of the Yan'an formation.Therefore,it is essential to make a study for sedimentary microfacies,and reservoir characteristics,which have a important guiding significance for the future hydrocarbon exploration and development of Yan'an formation in Mahuangshan area.
Based on absorbing the previous studies, this paper firstly make a comprehensive analysis of sedimentary microfacies for Yan'an formation in Mahuangshan area by using datum of core outcrops,loggings,drilling records,seismic,and slice etc..The results indicate that Yan’an formation mainly developed delta plain deposits.Yan10 to Yan8 members and Yan6 to Yan5 members all belong to delta plain deposits, and five microfacies types including distributary channel, natural levee, crevass-splay, swamp and interdistributary bay.Yan7 member belongs to delta front and prodelta deposits,its microfacies include underwater distributary channel,river mouth bar,distal bar and prodelta mud.
The study of reservoir petrologic feature indicates that sandstone composition differ in layers.Yan10 to Yan9 members are mainly composed of coarse to medium feldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic arkose sandstone.Yan8,Yan6 and Yan5 members mainly developed fine arkose,and with minor quartz sandstone. From lower to upper layer,the partical size gets finer.Diagensis and diagenetic sequence of sandstone reservoirs vary a lot in the East and the West of Mahuangshan area owing to the difference in sandstone composition.In the western,sandstone composition is low in matrix and quartz overgrowth is weak,where quartz sandstone is prolific.Besides,the compaction is not prominent and the intergranular pore is developmental in this district;In the eastern,arkose sandstone and lithic arkose sandstone dominate.Dissolution of feldspar can be seen clearly under the microscope. Compaction is stronger than the western.Ferrocalcite,ankerite,anhydrite,and barite cementation vary a lot in this district and the area of low degree of cementation is quality reservoir developed zone.
On the basis of physical analysis, mercury injection date, slice observation,we know that Yan’an formation exists kinds of pore types,such as primary intergranular pore,intragranular dissolved pore,moldic pore and dissolution fracture etc.The porosity mainly concentrate in 8%～18%,and average porosity is 12.87%.The permeability mainly lie in(0.1～1.5)×10-3μm2 and (>10)×10-3μm2,and the average permeability is 48.69×10-3μm2.Morever, the reservoir properties is get better from Yan 10 member to Yan 8 member.According to capillary pressure curve shape, reservoir can be divided intoⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲthree types.Simultaneously,using the saturation of capillary pressure value,the needed closed heights which would bring about oil-producting are calculated,it should believe thatⅠ、Ⅱreservoir require a small closed height (<10m)because of nice reservoir properties.Therefore,Yan’an formation enjoy the oil production capacity for that their reservoirs thickness are frequently greater than 10m.But reservoir properties ofⅢis poor so that they require a high degree of closed heights(>100m).And it might not have the capacity to produce oil,if any reservoir reconstructions are applied.
Combined with oil-water relative permeability and the production capacity analysis,mercury penetration point that the low limit of Yan’an formatiom porosity is 8%,the low limit of permeability is 0.5×10-3μm2,irreducible water saturation is 35%,reminding oil saturation is 30%.Based on above,the criteria of reservoir evaluation classification is established to make reservoir evaluation of single well at last.
Sedimentary microfacies,tectonic and diagenesis are main factors which control reservoir properties of Yan’an formation in Mahuangshan area.The high quality reservoir are developed in medium sandstone whose sandbody is thick,and accompanies with low compaction,weak cementation,strong dissolution and high structure.
Finally,combined the distribution of oil and gas,the criteria of reservoir evaluation,this paper predict the favorable reservoir development area in different members by means of the above analysis.
本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上,利用岩心、野外露头、测井、录井、地震、薄片等资料,首先对麻黄山地区延安组沉积微相进行了综合分析,认为麻黄山地区延安组主体为三角洲平原沉积,延10～延8段及延6～延5段均属于三角洲平原沉积,能识别出分流河道、天然堤、决口扇、沼泽和分流间湾5种微相,而延7段属于三角洲前缘及前三角洲沉积,主要为水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、分流间湾以及前三角洲泥5种微相。
储层岩石学特征研究表明,研究区延安组地层岩石成分具有分区性,延10段～延9段主要为粗-中粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩;延8段、延6段、延5段主要以细粒长石砂岩为主,含少量的石英砂岩。延安组砂岩粒度自下往上有变细的趋势;同时由于岩石成分不同,造成研究区东西部成岩作用及成岩序列不同,西部石英砂岩发育,填隙物含量低,主要为石英的弱次生加大,压实作用不明显,粒间孔发育;东部长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩发育区,长石的溶蚀作用明显,压实较西部强,铁方解石、铁白云石、硬石膏及重晶石胶结程度差别大,胶结程度低的区域是高效储层发育区。
通过物性分析、压汞数据、薄片观察可知,延安组孔隙类型有粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、溶蚀缝等,孔隙度分布峰值主要集中在8%～18%,平均值为12.87%,渗透率峰值主要集中在(0.1～1.5)×10-3μm2和(>10)×10-3μm2两个区间,平均值为48.69×10-3μm2,而且从延10～延8段储层物性逐渐变好;按照毛细管压力曲线形态将储层划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类,同时利用饱和度中值毛管压力值,计算出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类储层生产油所需的闭合高度,认为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储层由于储集物性好,所需产油闭合高度小(<10m),而延安组储层厚度很多在10米以上,因此具备产油能力;Ⅲ类储层由于储集物性差,所需产油闭合高度大(>100m),在不采取改造措施的情况下,其不具备产油能力。
在压汞资料统计的基础上,结合油水相对渗透率分析、生产资料分析,确定延安组孔隙度下限为8%,渗透率下限为0.5×10-3μm2,束缚水饱和度为35%,残余油饱和度为30%,建立储层分类评价标准,进行单井储层评价。
研究区控制储层物性的因素主要有沉积微相、构造作用和成岩作用,分析认为优质储层主要发育在砂体厚度大、压实作用弱、胶结作用弱,溶蚀作用强,次生孔隙发育的、构造部位高的中砂岩岩相内。
最后在上述分析的基础上,结合油气分布规律研究、储层分类评价标准,对研究区延安组不同层段有利储层发育区进行了预测。
The Mesozoic Yan’an fomation of Mahuangshan area has a fine hydrocarbon exploration potential in the western Ordos Basin.Up to now, Many Jurassic oil fields have been found around Li zhuang zi、Hong jing zi and Da shui keng regions,e.g. Bai Yan Jing and Huan Chi Jurassic oil fields.Recently, Yan 8 in ND3 and ND5 wells have achieved high-yield industrial oil flow without any water,and ND17-2 well got about 60m3 high-yield oil flow in Yan 5 by production test.All of those comfirm a fine hydrocarbon exploration potential of Yan’an formation in Mahuangshan area.However,with the advance of the exploration and development it can be found that many factors have directly curbed hydrocarbon exploration,e.g. lacks of knowledge of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir characteristics of the Yan'an formation.Therefore,it is essential to make a study for sedimentary microfacies,and reservoir characteristics,which have a important guiding significance for the future hydrocarbon exploration and development of Yan'an formation in Mahuangshan area.
Based on absorbing the previous studies, this paper firstly make a comprehensive analysis of sedimentary microfacies for Yan'an formation in Mahuangshan area by using datum of core outcrops,loggings,drilling records,seismic,and slice etc..The results indicate that Yan’an formation mainly developed delta plain deposits.Yan10 to Yan8 members and Yan6 to Yan5 members all belong to delta plain deposits, and five microfacies types including distributary channel, natural levee, crevass-splay, swamp and interdistributary bay.Yan7 member belongs to delta front and prodelta deposits,its microfacies include underwater distributary channel,river mouth bar,distal bar and prodelta mud.
The study of reservoir petrologic feature indicates that sandstone composition differ in layers.Yan10 to Yan9 members are mainly composed of coarse to medium feldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic arkose sandstone.Yan8,Yan6 and Yan5 members mainly developed fine arkose,and with minor quartz sandstone. From lower to upper layer,the partical size gets finer.Diagensis and diagenetic sequence of sandstone reservoirs vary a lot in the East and the West of Mahuangshan area owing to the difference in sandstone composition.In the western,sandstone composition is low in matrix and quartz overgrowth is weak,where quartz sandstone is prolific.Besides,the compaction is not prominent and the intergranular pore is developmental in this district;In the eastern,arkose sandstone and lithic arkose sandstone dominate.Dissolution of feldspar can be seen clearly under the microscope. Compaction is stronger than the western.Ferrocalcite,ankerite,anhydrite,and barite cementation vary a lot in this district and the area of low degree of cementation is quality reservoir developed zone.
On the basis of physical analysis, mercury injection date, slice observation,we know that Yan’an formation exists kinds of pore types,such as primary intergranular pore,intragranular dissolved pore,moldic pore and dissolution fracture etc.The porosity mainly concentrate in 8%～18%,and average porosity is 12.87%.The permeability mainly lie in(0.1～1.5)×10-3μm2 and (>10)×10-3μm2,and the average permeability is 48.69×10-3μm2.Morever, the reservoir properties is get better from Yan 10 member to Yan 8 member.According to capillary pressure curve shape, reservoir can be divided intoⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲthree types.Simultaneously,using the saturation of capillary pressure value,the needed closed heights which would bring about oil-producting are calculated,it should believe thatⅠ、Ⅱreservoir require a small closed height (<10m)because of nice reservoir properties.Therefore,Yan’an formation enjoy the oil production capacity for that their reservoirs thickness are frequently greater than 10m.But reservoir properties ofⅢis poor so that they require a high degree of closed heights(>100m).And it might not have the capacity to produce oil,if any reservoir reconstructions are applied.
Combined with oil-water relative permeability and the production capacity analysis,mercury penetration point that the low limit of Yan’an formatiom porosity is 8%,the low limit of permeability is 0.5×10-3μm2,irreducible water saturation is 35%,reminding oil saturation is 30%.Based on above,the criteria of reservoir evaluation classification is established to make reservoir evaluation of single well at last.
Sedimentary microfacies,tectonic and diagenesis are main factors which control reservoir properties of Yan’an formation in Mahuangshan area.The high quality reservoir are developed in medium sandstone whose sandbody is thick,and accompanies with low compaction,weak cementation,strong dissolution and high structure.
Finally,combined the distribution of oil and gas,the criteria of reservoir evaluation,this paper predict the favorable reservoir development area in different members by means of the above analysis.
引文
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