单通道双谱微光彩色夜视技术研究
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摘要
彩色夜视技术利用不同光谱波段成像的差异性,获得自然场景的假彩色图像,能有效改善夜视系统的输出图像质量,从而显著提高系统的目标发现与识别概率,是当前国内外重点发展的关键技术之一。本文在分析总结微光与可见光、微光与红外、微光与紫外、微光与激光助视以及双谱微光等双通道假彩色夜视技术的基础上,创新性地提出一种基于帧间补偿的单通道双谱假彩色微光成像技术方案,使原本双通道彩色夜视技术中两个通道的作用只要单一通道加上前置光栅分谱滤光片便可以完成。本文的研究内容主要包括最佳匹配滤光技术、单通道双谱微光条纹图像拆分与补偿技术、单通道双谱微光图像融合与色空间映射技术以及单通道双谱假彩色微光夜视试验装置的建立与试验研究。基于帧间补偿的单通道双谱微光假彩色夜视技术是对双通道假彩色夜视理论与技术研究的进一步深化,是解决用单通道实现彩色微光成像问题的一种新的技术手段,单通道双谱微光假彩色夜视技术将在军事、航天、公安、气象等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
在最佳匹配滤光技术方面,本文根据夜间自然辐射、目标和背景自身的辐射、反射的光谱特性,以及微光CCD摄像机光电阴极的光谱响应研究,探索最佳光谱分割点,设计光栅分谱滤光片。将光栅分谱滤光片置于像增强器光电阴极面前,对该单通道微光成像系统输出信号图像采集从而获得“短”波信息和“长”波信息交替的单通道双谱条纹微光图像。
在单通道双谱微光图像拆分与补偿技术方面,本文研究景物实际成像后得到的初始“长”、“短”波间隔交替的条纹微光图像的谱分离与补偿重建技术。针对拆分后的双谱图像的补偿问题,设计了基于水平线的消噪补偿方法、基于灰度空间相关性的块分类补偿方法以及帧间补偿方法。对单通道双谱微光条纹图像拆分与补偿技术进行了仿真实验研究,结果表明,上述方法在单通道双谱假彩色微光系统中发挥了有效作用,达到了单通道双谱微光图像拆分及补偿的目的。
在单通道双谱微光图像融合技术方面,本文在分析研究经单通道成像和拆分补偿得到的微光“长”波图像和微光“短”波图像特点的基础上,提出了适合于单通道双谱微光图像的融合方法:基于灰度空间相关性的融合方法以及小波分层融合方法。提出并研究了基于灰度空间相关性的融合图像效果评价方法,对融合图像进行了像质评价。将基于灰度空间相关性的融合方法、小波分层融合方法与原有的灰度调制法、谱域融合法以及特有成分融合法的融合结果进行了比较,该两种融合算法除了满足实时性的要求外,具有优于以往应用算法的评价结果,基于灰度空间相关性的改善度指标和经典指标具有一致的评价结果。
在色空间映射技术方面,本文在分析研究NRL法、MIT法、TNO法以及Toet仿白昼法四种彩色夜视显示方法的基础上,对经过RGB通道映射后得到的假彩色图像进行了进一步的逼近白昼显示的调整,调整方法在HSI色空间分别根据亮度、色调、饱和度的空间相关性实现。
在上述理论分析与方法研究的基础上,本文设计并加工制作了双谱光栅分谱滤光片,建立了基于帧间补偿的单通道双谱假彩色微光夜视试验装置,并进行了试验研究。本文详细阐述了系统的硬件设计、软件设计过程并给出系统实验结果。该单通道双谱微光假彩色夜视系统具有结构简单、实时性强且能提高目标识别概率的优点。
本文是国家自然科学基金项目“基于帧间补偿的单通道彩色微光成像方法研究”(项目编号60572107)的部分研究工作。
Color night vision technique obtains false color images of natural scene using differences from different spectrum wavebands, it can improve the quality of the output-image produced by the night vision system effectively, thus obviously enhances the target detection and the identification probability. Color night vision technique is one of the pivotal techniques which are current developing emphases in the world.
On the base of analyzing the dual-channel systems: low light level and visible light, low light level and infrared light, low light level and ultraviolet light, low light level and laser assisted, a single-channel dual-band false color night imaging principium based on inter-frame compensation is proposed in this dissertation to realize originally dual-channel dual-band color night vision technique on single-channel system with a raster filter setting forward.
The main researches in this paper are listed below: the optimal spectrum matching and filtering technique, the separation and compensation of dual-band low light level images, the fusion and color space mapping of dual-band low light level images, the establishment and experimental study of single-channel dual-band false color low light level night vision experiment device.
The single channel dual-band low light level color night vision technique based on the inter-frame compensation has done a further step to the double channel color night vision theory and the engineering research .It is a new technical method to solve the problem of using single channel to realize color low light level imaging. The single channel dual-spectrum low light level color night vision technique will have the widespread application prospect in the domains of military, astronautics, public security, meteorology and so on.
On the aspect of optimal spectrum matching filtering technique, best spectrum break point was chosen and designed according to the night natural radiation, the spectral characteristic of goal and background own radiation and reflection, as well as the spectral response of low light level CCD camera photocathode. The spectrum separation raster filter is put in front of the intensifier, and then the dual-band stripe low light level image with the short wave information and the long wave information in turn was collected.
On the aspect of the dual-band low light level images separation and compensation, the technique of spectrum separation and compensation reconstruction were researched, the stripe low light level images were obtained from the scenery actual imaging with the 'long' wave information and the 'short' wave information in turn. The compensation method based on the horizontal collection, the sample block compensation method based on the correlation of the grey space and the inter-frame compensation methods were designed to compensate the split dual-band images. The simulation experimental study of the dual-band low light level image separation and the compensation technique were done, the results indicate that the above methods in the single channel dual-spectrum color low light level system have applied effectively, and have achieved the goal of the dual-band low light level image separation and the compensation.
On the aspect of the dual-band low light level image fusion, based on the study about the characteristics of the low light level long wave image and short wave image separated and compensated from single channel, the single channel dual-spectrum low light level image fusion method was proposed: Fusion method based on pixel space correlation and wavelet layered fusion method. The image quality evaluation method based on the pixel space correlation was proposed and studied, and the fusion images were evaluated.
The fusion results of fusion method based on the pixel space correlation and the wavelet layered fusion method were compared with those original fusion methods, such as gray scale modulation methods, the spectrum field fusion method and the unique ingredient fusion method. These two new fusion algorithms satisfy the real-time request, and have better evaluation results than the former application algorithms. The evaluation results based on the pixel space correlation method are consistent with the results of the classical methods.
On the aspect of color space mapping, based on the analyses and researches about the four color night vision display methods: NRL, MIT, TNO and Toet daytime imitation display, the false color image obtained from the RGB channel mapping was carried on further adjustment to approach the daytime display. The adjustment method in the HSI color space was realized based on space correlation of brightness, color tone and color saturation.
Based on the analyses and researches about the above theories and methods, the dual-band separation raster filter was designed and produced; the device of the single-channel dual-band false color low light level night vision based on inter-frame compensation was established. And the performance experiments and the correlation test were carried on the device.
The processes of the design of the system's hardware and software are detailed in this paper as well as the system's experiment results. The single channel dual-spectrum low light level night vision system has many merits, such as compact structure, needless of image-matching, high quality-price ratio, and better real-time image sampling performance.
在最佳匹配滤光技术方面,本文根据夜间自然辐射、目标和背景自身的辐射、反射的光谱特性,以及微光CCD摄像机光电阴极的光谱响应研究,探索最佳光谱分割点,设计光栅分谱滤光片。将光栅分谱滤光片置于像增强器光电阴极面前,对该单通道微光成像系统输出信号图像采集从而获得“短”波信息和“长”波信息交替的单通道双谱条纹微光图像。
在单通道双谱微光图像拆分与补偿技术方面,本文研究景物实际成像后得到的初始“长”、“短”波间隔交替的条纹微光图像的谱分离与补偿重建技术。针对拆分后的双谱图像的补偿问题,设计了基于水平线的消噪补偿方法、基于灰度空间相关性的块分类补偿方法以及帧间补偿方法。对单通道双谱微光条纹图像拆分与补偿技术进行了仿真实验研究,结果表明,上述方法在单通道双谱假彩色微光系统中发挥了有效作用,达到了单通道双谱微光图像拆分及补偿的目的。
在单通道双谱微光图像融合技术方面,本文在分析研究经单通道成像和拆分补偿得到的微光“长”波图像和微光“短”波图像特点的基础上,提出了适合于单通道双谱微光图像的融合方法:基于灰度空间相关性的融合方法以及小波分层融合方法。提出并研究了基于灰度空间相关性的融合图像效果评价方法,对融合图像进行了像质评价。将基于灰度空间相关性的融合方法、小波分层融合方法与原有的灰度调制法、谱域融合法以及特有成分融合法的融合结果进行了比较,该两种融合算法除了满足实时性的要求外,具有优于以往应用算法的评价结果,基于灰度空间相关性的改善度指标和经典指标具有一致的评价结果。
在色空间映射技术方面,本文在分析研究NRL法、MIT法、TNO法以及Toet仿白昼法四种彩色夜视显示方法的基础上,对经过RGB通道映射后得到的假彩色图像进行了进一步的逼近白昼显示的调整,调整方法在HSI色空间分别根据亮度、色调、饱和度的空间相关性实现。
在上述理论分析与方法研究的基础上,本文设计并加工制作了双谱光栅分谱滤光片,建立了基于帧间补偿的单通道双谱假彩色微光夜视试验装置,并进行了试验研究。本文详细阐述了系统的硬件设计、软件设计过程并给出系统实验结果。该单通道双谱微光假彩色夜视系统具有结构简单、实时性强且能提高目标识别概率的优点。
本文是国家自然科学基金项目“基于帧间补偿的单通道彩色微光成像方法研究”(项目编号60572107)的部分研究工作。
Color night vision technique obtains false color images of natural scene using differences from different spectrum wavebands, it can improve the quality of the output-image produced by the night vision system effectively, thus obviously enhances the target detection and the identification probability. Color night vision technique is one of the pivotal techniques which are current developing emphases in the world.
On the base of analyzing the dual-channel systems: low light level and visible light, low light level and infrared light, low light level and ultraviolet light, low light level and laser assisted, a single-channel dual-band false color night imaging principium based on inter-frame compensation is proposed in this dissertation to realize originally dual-channel dual-band color night vision technique on single-channel system with a raster filter setting forward.
The main researches in this paper are listed below: the optimal spectrum matching and filtering technique, the separation and compensation of dual-band low light level images, the fusion and color space mapping of dual-band low light level images, the establishment and experimental study of single-channel dual-band false color low light level night vision experiment device.
The single channel dual-band low light level color night vision technique based on the inter-frame compensation has done a further step to the double channel color night vision theory and the engineering research .It is a new technical method to solve the problem of using single channel to realize color low light level imaging. The single channel dual-spectrum low light level color night vision technique will have the widespread application prospect in the domains of military, astronautics, public security, meteorology and so on.
On the aspect of optimal spectrum matching filtering technique, best spectrum break point was chosen and designed according to the night natural radiation, the spectral characteristic of goal and background own radiation and reflection, as well as the spectral response of low light level CCD camera photocathode. The spectrum separation raster filter is put in front of the intensifier, and then the dual-band stripe low light level image with the short wave information and the long wave information in turn was collected.
On the aspect of the dual-band low light level images separation and compensation, the technique of spectrum separation and compensation reconstruction were researched, the stripe low light level images were obtained from the scenery actual imaging with the 'long' wave information and the 'short' wave information in turn. The compensation method based on the horizontal collection, the sample block compensation method based on the correlation of the grey space and the inter-frame compensation methods were designed to compensate the split dual-band images. The simulation experimental study of the dual-band low light level image separation and the compensation technique were done, the results indicate that the above methods in the single channel dual-spectrum color low light level system have applied effectively, and have achieved the goal of the dual-band low light level image separation and the compensation.
On the aspect of the dual-band low light level image fusion, based on the study about the characteristics of the low light level long wave image and short wave image separated and compensated from single channel, the single channel dual-spectrum low light level image fusion method was proposed: Fusion method based on pixel space correlation and wavelet layered fusion method. The image quality evaluation method based on the pixel space correlation was proposed and studied, and the fusion images were evaluated.
The fusion results of fusion method based on the pixel space correlation and the wavelet layered fusion method were compared with those original fusion methods, such as gray scale modulation methods, the spectrum field fusion method and the unique ingredient fusion method. These two new fusion algorithms satisfy the real-time request, and have better evaluation results than the former application algorithms. The evaluation results based on the pixel space correlation method are consistent with the results of the classical methods.
On the aspect of color space mapping, based on the analyses and researches about the four color night vision display methods: NRL, MIT, TNO and Toet daytime imitation display, the false color image obtained from the RGB channel mapping was carried on further adjustment to approach the daytime display. The adjustment method in the HSI color space was realized based on space correlation of brightness, color tone and color saturation.
Based on the analyses and researches about the above theories and methods, the dual-band separation raster filter was designed and produced; the device of the single-channel dual-band false color low light level night vision based on inter-frame compensation was established. And the performance experiments and the correlation test were carried on the device.
The processes of the design of the system's hardware and software are detailed in this paper as well as the system's experiment results. The single channel dual-spectrum low light level night vision system has many merits, such as compact structure, needless of image-matching, high quality-price ratio, and better real-time image sampling performance.
引文
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