金川二矿区充填体质量与成本控制的研究
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摘要
金川二矿区二期工程采用机械化盘区式下向分层水平进路胶结充填采矿法,控制充填体质量和成本是二矿区胶结充填采矿法研究的重要内容和发展方向之一。本文首先论述了充填体质量对开采安全、矿石损失贫化、充填体成本的影响,说明二矿区充填体质量和成本控制的研究立项很有必要性。
本课题完成了两个比较重要的工业试验即二矿区机械化采矿盘区进路充填滤水工业试验和井下废料资源化工业试验,现均已试验成功。这两项试验均具有工艺独创性。这为充填体质量和充填体成本控制的研究提供了重要支持。
通过深入调查研究,本文比较全面地分析了影响二矿区充填体质量的因素。包括充填材料、待充填采场的准备情况、充填过程控制等环节。针对影响充填体质量的主要因素,作者提出了相应的技术措施。实践证明,这些技术措施符合二矿区实际情况,在控制充填体质量方面效果明显。
在保证充填体质量的前提下,对充填体成本进行控制。主要采取两个方面的技术措施:一方面,优化进路底部充填,控制灰砂比为1:4的充填料浆所占待充填进路空间的比例,节约充填材料费用;另一方面,在进路底部回填废料混凝土,实现井下固体废料资源化。
通过优化充填过程,以及在采矿盘区待充填进路内回填废料混凝土,使井下固体废料资源化,达到了控制充填体质量和充填体成本的目的,已经取得了显著的效果。不仅年可节约直接费用约570万元,而且对安全生产、降低矿石贫化率、保护环境等具有促进作用。
金川二矿区充填体质量与成本控制的研究所取得的成果,对于类似开采条件的矿山可借鉴和推广应用。
The mechanized panel consolidated cut-and-fill method with downward horizontal slicing approach is adopted by the Second Project of the No. 2 mining area in Jinchuan, and controlling quality and cost of the filling body is one of the important contents and developing ways. The paper firstly discuss that the infection of the filling body quality to mining safety, lose and dilution of ore, the cost of filling body. It is proved that it is necessary for the research of controlling the quality and cost of filling body.Two important industry tests have been completed in this project, namely, the industry test of mechanized mining panel approach filling filter in the No. 2 mining area and that of the underground waste reutilization. Now, they have been successfully tested. The two tests are creative in the mine. And that is important sustain for the research of controlling the quantity and cost of filling body.According to the further research, the article completely analyses factors that affect the quality of filling body in the No. 2 mining area, including filling material, preparing condition of stopes to be filled, control of filling process and so on. Aiming at the mostly effect factors of the filling body quality, the author gives correspond technical measures. It is proved that they accord with the actual thing of the No. 2 mining area, and there is an obvious effect for controlling the filling body quality.In the premise of assuring the filling body quality, we control the filling body cost. There are mainly two technical measures: on the one hand, optimization approach bottom filling, controlling the scale of the filling element of 1:4 ash accounting for the space approach to be filled, and saving cost of the filling material. on the other hand, backfilling scrap concrete in the approach bottom, realizing reusing of the underground solid scrap.By the course of optimization filling, backfilling scrap concrete in the approach of staying filling the mining panel, the underground solid scrap is resourced, and arriving at the aim of controlling the quality
and cost of the filling body, and it has a notability effect. It not only saves 5.7 millions of the direct filling cost every year, but also has promoted the mine' s safety production, reduced ore dilution, protected environment and so on.The research result of controlling the filling body quality and cost of the No. 2 mining area in Jinchuaa, can be made used by the other mines having the resemblance mining condition.
本课题完成了两个比较重要的工业试验即二矿区机械化采矿盘区进路充填滤水工业试验和井下废料资源化工业试验,现均已试验成功。这两项试验均具有工艺独创性。这为充填体质量和充填体成本控制的研究提供了重要支持。
通过深入调查研究,本文比较全面地分析了影响二矿区充填体质量的因素。包括充填材料、待充填采场的准备情况、充填过程控制等环节。针对影响充填体质量的主要因素,作者提出了相应的技术措施。实践证明,这些技术措施符合二矿区实际情况,在控制充填体质量方面效果明显。
在保证充填体质量的前提下,对充填体成本进行控制。主要采取两个方面的技术措施:一方面,优化进路底部充填,控制灰砂比为1:4的充填料浆所占待充填进路空间的比例,节约充填材料费用;另一方面,在进路底部回填废料混凝土,实现井下固体废料资源化。
通过优化充填过程,以及在采矿盘区待充填进路内回填废料混凝土,使井下固体废料资源化,达到了控制充填体质量和充填体成本的目的,已经取得了显著的效果。不仅年可节约直接费用约570万元,而且对安全生产、降低矿石贫化率、保护环境等具有促进作用。
金川二矿区充填体质量与成本控制的研究所取得的成果,对于类似开采条件的矿山可借鉴和推广应用。
The mechanized panel consolidated cut-and-fill method with downward horizontal slicing approach is adopted by the Second Project of the No. 2 mining area in Jinchuan, and controlling quality and cost of the filling body is one of the important contents and developing ways. The paper firstly discuss that the infection of the filling body quality to mining safety, lose and dilution of ore, the cost of filling body. It is proved that it is necessary for the research of controlling the quality and cost of filling body.Two important industry tests have been completed in this project, namely, the industry test of mechanized mining panel approach filling filter in the No. 2 mining area and that of the underground waste reutilization. Now, they have been successfully tested. The two tests are creative in the mine. And that is important sustain for the research of controlling the quantity and cost of filling body.According to the further research, the article completely analyses factors that affect the quality of filling body in the No. 2 mining area, including filling material, preparing condition of stopes to be filled, control of filling process and so on. Aiming at the mostly effect factors of the filling body quality, the author gives correspond technical measures. It is proved that they accord with the actual thing of the No. 2 mining area, and there is an obvious effect for controlling the filling body quality.In the premise of assuring the filling body quality, we control the filling body cost. There are mainly two technical measures: on the one hand, optimization approach bottom filling, controlling the scale of the filling element of 1:4 ash accounting for the space approach to be filled, and saving cost of the filling material. on the other hand, backfilling scrap concrete in the approach bottom, realizing reusing of the underground solid scrap.By the course of optimization filling, backfilling scrap concrete in the approach of staying filling the mining panel, the underground solid scrap is resourced, and arriving at the aim of controlling the quality
and cost of the filling body, and it has a notability effect. It not only saves 5.7 millions of the direct filling cost every year, but also has promoted the mine' s safety production, reduced ore dilution, protected environment and so on.The research result of controlling the filling body quality and cost of the No. 2 mining area in Jinchuaa, can be made used by the other mines having the resemblance mining condition.
引文
[1] 徐树岚,苏家宏,充填采矿法[M].中国有色金属学会采矿学术委员会
[2] 蔡嗣经,矿山充填力学基础.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994
[3] 刘明.内蒙古查干银矿主矿体下向分层胶结充填法开采综合技术研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南工大,2002.3
[4] 山东铝业公司,长沙矿山研究院.铝士矿地下开采新技术赤泥浆体泵送胶结充填及倾斜分条充填采矿法试验研究报告.1994.12
[5] 张玉清,钱方明,钨矿脉群开采中干式充填作用机理的相识材料模拟研究,有色金属(矿山部分),1990.5
[6] 刘同有,金铭良等.中国镍钴矿山现代化开采技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995年
[7] 甘肃省地质局第六地质队.甘肃省永昌县白家嘴子铜镍矿Ⅱ矿区地质勘探储量报告.1972年10月
[8] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院.金川有色金属公司矿山改扩建工程初步设计书.2001.7
[9] 金铭良,金川镍矿大面积开采的稳定性分析与对策[J],有色矿山,1995,第4期
[10] Jin Mingliang: Undercut-and-fill Method Used in Jinchuan Nickel Mining Areas, Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining and Metallury of Complex Nickel Ore·1993
[11] 瑞典吕律欧大学,金川公司,中国瑞典关于中国金川二矿区采矿技术合作岩石力学研究最终报告,1988
[12] GB175-1999·硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥[S]
[13] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院.金川二矿区西部第二搅拌站方案设计书.1992年9月
[14] 刘同有等.充填采矿与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.10
[15] 刘秉章,贺发运·降低二矿区充填成本的途径[J]·金川科技,2000,(1)
[16] Q/YSJC-GY01-2002(金川集团有限公司)·井下废料人工搅拌混凝土进路打底回填技术标准[S]
[17] 孙恒虎,刘文永等.高水固结充填采矿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[18] 金修礼,张群·浅谈质量成本管理[J]·有色冶炼,1999(增刊),Vol.28:23—24
[19] 刘同有,黄业英等,第六届国际充填采矿会议论文选集,金川有色金属公司等,1999年4月
[20] 刘同有,黄业英等,国外金属矿山充填采矿技术的研究与应用,中国矿业协会采矿专业委员会等,1997
[21] 黄玉诚,当代胶结充填技术,冶金工业出版社,2002
[22] Wolfgan Helms影响细粒胶结充填料强度的各种因素,国外金属矿采矿。1983,(4)
[23] G. H. Espley, H. E. Beattie, A. R. Pasieka Cemented hydraulic backfill within thefalconbridge group of companies, CIM Bull. 63. 1970. S
[24] Lewis·M·. Mc Nay and Corson. Hydraulic sand fill in deep_metal mines. Bureau of mines information circar lar. 8663. 1975
[25] 解世俊等,金属矿床地下开采,冶金工业出版社,1997
[26] 饶运章,低廉充填材料配合比试验,中国矿业,1998
[27] Atkinson R. J., using smelter slag in mine backfill, Mining Magzine, August 1989
[28] 李彬,胶结充填采矿法充填接顶方法探讨,云锡科技,1995,(5)
[29] 刘同有,周成浦,金川镍矿充填采矿技术的发展,中国矿业,1999,(8)
[30] 王正辉,高谦,胶结充填采矿法充填作用机理与稳定性研究,金属矿山,2003,(10)
[31] 余斌,影响尾砂胶结充填体强度的若干因素分析,河北冶金,2001,(3)
[32] 肖国清,金川龙首矿下向高进路胶结充填法的试验研究,长沙矿山研究院季刊,1992,12,(增刊)
[33] CHEN, L. J., Fluidization technology for mine backfill with slurry of high density. Mining Science and Technology, 1991, Vol. 12, P325-332
[34] Minefill 98 Proc. Of 6th Interna. Symp.On Mining Back, Brisbane, Australia, 1998
[35] Richard Brnmmer. D. Eng And allan Moss. P. eng. Paste: The fill of the future (Prot 1)Candaian Mining. Journal Vol. 112. No. 8 nor. Dec. 1991
[36] J. M. Creedy, R. J. Hall Cemented sand fill at Inco. CIM Bull. 59. 1966. S
[37] R. A. Ford A review of backfill mining practices and technology at the Fox Mine, ming with backfull. 12th Canad. Kock Mechenics Symporsium, Sudbury/onterio, 1978, S, 1-9
[38] Richard Brnmmer. D. Eng And allan Moss. p. eng. Paste: The future(Prot1) Candaian Mining. Journal Vol. 112. No. 8. Dec. 1991
[39] Blight.G. E&Clark. T. E, Desige and properties of still fill for lateral support, refers to the reference No. 4
[40] Jun-Yan chan. at al, Assesgnent of support performance of consolidate backfill in mining and geotechnical conditions, refer to the reference No. 4
[41] Barrett, J. R. et al, determination of fill stability, mining with backfill, 12th Canadian Rock Mechnics Symposium, 1978. 5
[42] Cowling, R. et al, Experience with cemented fill stability atmount Isa Mines, refers to the reference No. 4
[2] 蔡嗣经,矿山充填力学基础.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994
[3] 刘明.内蒙古查干银矿主矿体下向分层胶结充填法开采综合技术研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南工大,2002.3
[4] 山东铝业公司,长沙矿山研究院.铝士矿地下开采新技术赤泥浆体泵送胶结充填及倾斜分条充填采矿法试验研究报告.1994.12
[5] 张玉清,钱方明,钨矿脉群开采中干式充填作用机理的相识材料模拟研究,有色金属(矿山部分),1990.5
[6] 刘同有,金铭良等.中国镍钴矿山现代化开采技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995年
[7] 甘肃省地质局第六地质队.甘肃省永昌县白家嘴子铜镍矿Ⅱ矿区地质勘探储量报告.1972年10月
[8] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院.金川有色金属公司矿山改扩建工程初步设计书.2001.7
[9] 金铭良,金川镍矿大面积开采的稳定性分析与对策[J],有色矿山,1995,第4期
[10] Jin Mingliang: Undercut-and-fill Method Used in Jinchuan Nickel Mining Areas, Proceedings of the International Conference on Mining and Metallury of Complex Nickel Ore·1993
[11] 瑞典吕律欧大学,金川公司,中国瑞典关于中国金川二矿区采矿技术合作岩石力学研究最终报告,1988
[12] GB175-1999·硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥[S]
[13] 北京有色冶金设计研究总院.金川二矿区西部第二搅拌站方案设计书.1992年9月
[14] 刘同有等.充填采矿与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001.10
[15] 刘秉章,贺发运·降低二矿区充填成本的途径[J]·金川科技,2000,(1)
[16] Q/YSJC-GY01-2002(金川集团有限公司)·井下废料人工搅拌混凝土进路打底回填技术标准[S]
[17] 孙恒虎,刘文永等.高水固结充填采矿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[18] 金修礼,张群·浅谈质量成本管理[J]·有色冶炼,1999(增刊),Vol.28:23—24
[19] 刘同有,黄业英等,第六届国际充填采矿会议论文选集,金川有色金属公司等,1999年4月
[20] 刘同有,黄业英等,国外金属矿山充填采矿技术的研究与应用,中国矿业协会采矿专业委员会等,1997
[21] 黄玉诚,当代胶结充填技术,冶金工业出版社,2002
[22] Wolfgan Helms影响细粒胶结充填料强度的各种因素,国外金属矿采矿。1983,(4)
[23] G. H. Espley, H. E. Beattie, A. R. Pasieka Cemented hydraulic backfill within thefalconbridge group of companies, CIM Bull. 63. 1970. S
[24] Lewis·M·. Mc Nay and Corson. Hydraulic sand fill in deep_metal mines. Bureau of mines information circar lar. 8663. 1975
[25] 解世俊等,金属矿床地下开采,冶金工业出版社,1997
[26] 饶运章,低廉充填材料配合比试验,中国矿业,1998
[27] Atkinson R. J., using smelter slag in mine backfill, Mining Magzine, August 1989
[28] 李彬,胶结充填采矿法充填接顶方法探讨,云锡科技,1995,(5)
[29] 刘同有,周成浦,金川镍矿充填采矿技术的发展,中国矿业,1999,(8)
[30] 王正辉,高谦,胶结充填采矿法充填作用机理与稳定性研究,金属矿山,2003,(10)
[31] 余斌,影响尾砂胶结充填体强度的若干因素分析,河北冶金,2001,(3)
[32] 肖国清,金川龙首矿下向高进路胶结充填法的试验研究,长沙矿山研究院季刊,1992,12,(增刊)
[33] CHEN, L. J., Fluidization technology for mine backfill with slurry of high density. Mining Science and Technology, 1991, Vol. 12, P325-332
[34] Minefill 98 Proc. Of 6th Interna. Symp.On Mining Back, Brisbane, Australia, 1998
[35] Richard Brnmmer. D. Eng And allan Moss. P. eng. Paste: The fill of the future (Prot 1)Candaian Mining. Journal Vol. 112. No. 8 nor. Dec. 1991
[36] J. M. Creedy, R. J. Hall Cemented sand fill at Inco. CIM Bull. 59. 1966. S
[37] R. A. Ford A review of backfill mining practices and technology at the Fox Mine, ming with backfull. 12th Canad. Kock Mechenics Symporsium, Sudbury/onterio, 1978, S, 1-9
[38] Richard Brnmmer. D. Eng And allan Moss. p. eng. Paste: The future(Prot1) Candaian Mining. Journal Vol. 112. No. 8. Dec. 1991
[39] Blight.G. E&Clark. T. E, Desige and properties of still fill for lateral support, refers to the reference No. 4
[40] Jun-Yan chan. at al, Assesgnent of support performance of consolidate backfill in mining and geotechnical conditions, refer to the reference No. 4
[41] Barrett, J. R. et al, determination of fill stability, mining with backfill, 12th Canadian Rock Mechnics Symposium, 1978. 5
[42] Cowling, R. et al, Experience with cemented fill stability atmount Isa Mines, refers to the reference No. 4
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