光伏—太阳能热泵系统及多功能热泵系统的综合性能研究
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摘要
地球上化石能源的储量是有限的，而人类发展对能源的需求是无限的。探索可再生能源的利用方法和提高现有能源的利用效率，是解决人类发展过程中能源和环境两个根本问题的主要途径。本文以太阳能光电／光热综合利用和热泵多功能性开发利用为出发点，分别研究了光伏-太阳能热泵系统(PV-SAHP)和多功能热泵系统(MDHP)。PV-SAHP系统把热泵循环应用于太阳能光电／光热综合利用中，是一种高效的主动式太阳能利用方式。MDHP系统可以实现对热泵循环蒸发冷量和冷凝热量的综合利用，具有很高的能源利用效率，同时还可以减少夏季空调热污染。
光伏-太阳能热泵(PV-SAHP)系统通过热泵循环，提高、稳定了太阳能光热转换的输出温度，同时维持光电转换在较低工作温度下进行，提高了光电转换效率。另一方面，PV-SAHP系统热泵循环的的蒸发过程在太阳直接辐照条件下完成，使得热泵循环的性能系数COP明显提高，也减少了热泵冬季供暖时常出现的运行不稳定和结霜等缺憾。
本文采用特殊的真空层压工艺，把光伏电池和蒸发器板结合成一体，制作了PV-SAHP系统的关键部件-光伏蒸发器。光伏蒸发器的光伏电池和蒸发器板之间具有电绝缘和热良导体的特性，可以实现对太阳能的分波段、光电／光热综合应用。以PV-SAHP系统实验台为基础，结合系统模型，本文进行了辐照强度、冷凝水温、压缩机频率、玻璃盖板等多种参数对PV-SAHP系统性能的影响和优化研究。文中还专门建立了光伏蒸发器的分布参数模型，对辐照强度、环境温度、蒸发管长度、管间距、进口干度等参数对蒸发器性能的影响进行了研究。
多功能热泵系统(MDHP)是根据目前的家用热泵现状所提出的一种新型热泵综合利用方式。在夏季，MDHP系统可以利用热泵蒸发器进行空调制冷，同时利用同一热泵循环的冷凝器来制取生活热水，低温水源吸热改善了冷凝器的散热，使得MDHP系统的制冷效率得到提高。由于MDHP系统的冷凝热不直接排向大气，夏季城市环境热污染得以减少。在其他季节，可以利用MDHP系统的单独制热水模式来制取生活热水，普及了高效热泵热水器的使用范围，提高了热泵设备的利用效率。
The normal fossil energy on earth is limited although the demand of energy for human development is never-ending. Searching for renewable energy and improving utility efficiency of energy are the main approach for the energy and the environmental issue. In Photovoltaic Solar Assisted Heat Pump (PV-SAHP) system, the heat pump recycle were used for the compound photovoltaic\thermal utility. PV-SAHP system is an effective application of solar energy. Multi-functional Domestic Heat Pump (MDHP) system can reach high efficiency of energy because the evaporating cooling energy and condensing heating energy can be utilized simultaneously by MDHP system. Thus the condensing heat pollution in summer is reduced.
PV-SAHP system is an active compound system of photovoltaic/thermal application. The system can maintain the PV cell in a lower temperature for better photovoltaic performance and to get a higher temperature photo-thermal output. The coefficient of performance (COP) of PV-SAHP is improved because the evaporating process under insolation. Meanwhile the unstable features in winter of space heating and the evaporator frosting of normal heat pump are overcomed by PV-SAHP system.
The photovoltaic evaporator as a key part of PV-SAHP system is combined with PV cells and a base evaporator panel made with special vacuum laminating technics to ensure that the base panel and PV cells are of high-quality bonding in providing the required electrical insulation and thermal conduction. Photovoltaic conversion and photo-thermal conversion can be done simultaneously for different wavelength incidence. Basing on the PV-SAHP experimental setup and system simulation, system performance and system optimization under the influence of solar radiation, condensing water temperature, compressor frequency, glass cover and other factors were studied in this work. Distributing parameters model of photovoltaic evaporator were developed to study the influence of the solar radiation, ambient temperature, the length of evaporating tube and the gap between tubs et al. on the evaporating,
光伏-太阳能热泵(PV-SAHP)系统通过热泵循环，提高、稳定了太阳能光热转换的输出温度，同时维持光电转换在较低工作温度下进行，提高了光电转换效率。另一方面，PV-SAHP系统热泵循环的的蒸发过程在太阳直接辐照条件下完成，使得热泵循环的性能系数COP明显提高，也减少了热泵冬季供暖时常出现的运行不稳定和结霜等缺憾。
本文采用特殊的真空层压工艺，把光伏电池和蒸发器板结合成一体，制作了PV-SAHP系统的关键部件-光伏蒸发器。光伏蒸发器的光伏电池和蒸发器板之间具有电绝缘和热良导体的特性，可以实现对太阳能的分波段、光电／光热综合应用。以PV-SAHP系统实验台为基础，结合系统模型，本文进行了辐照强度、冷凝水温、压缩机频率、玻璃盖板等多种参数对PV-SAHP系统性能的影响和优化研究。文中还专门建立了光伏蒸发器的分布参数模型，对辐照强度、环境温度、蒸发管长度、管间距、进口干度等参数对蒸发器性能的影响进行了研究。
多功能热泵系统(MDHP)是根据目前的家用热泵现状所提出的一种新型热泵综合利用方式。在夏季，MDHP系统可以利用热泵蒸发器进行空调制冷，同时利用同一热泵循环的冷凝器来制取生活热水，低温水源吸热改善了冷凝器的散热，使得MDHP系统的制冷效率得到提高。由于MDHP系统的冷凝热不直接排向大气，夏季城市环境热污染得以减少。在其他季节，可以利用MDHP系统的单独制热水模式来制取生活热水，普及了高效热泵热水器的使用范围，提高了热泵设备的利用效率。
The normal fossil energy on earth is limited although the demand of energy for human development is never-ending. Searching for renewable energy and improving utility efficiency of energy are the main approach for the energy and the environmental issue. In Photovoltaic Solar Assisted Heat Pump (PV-SAHP) system, the heat pump recycle were used for the compound photovoltaic\thermal utility. PV-SAHP system is an effective application of solar energy. Multi-functional Domestic Heat Pump (MDHP) system can reach high efficiency of energy because the evaporating cooling energy and condensing heating energy can be utilized simultaneously by MDHP system. Thus the condensing heat pollution in summer is reduced.
PV-SAHP system is an active compound system of photovoltaic/thermal application. The system can maintain the PV cell in a lower temperature for better photovoltaic performance and to get a higher temperature photo-thermal output. The coefficient of performance (COP) of PV-SAHP is improved because the evaporating process under insolation. Meanwhile the unstable features in winter of space heating and the evaporator frosting of normal heat pump are overcomed by PV-SAHP system.
The photovoltaic evaporator as a key part of PV-SAHP system is combined with PV cells and a base evaporator panel made with special vacuum laminating technics to ensure that the base panel and PV cells are of high-quality bonding in providing the required electrical insulation and thermal conduction. Photovoltaic conversion and photo-thermal conversion can be done simultaneously for different wavelength incidence. Basing on the PV-SAHP experimental setup and system simulation, system performance and system optimization under the influence of solar radiation, condensing water temperature, compressor frequency, glass cover and other factors were studied in this work. Distributing parameters model of photovoltaic evaporator were developed to study the influence of the solar radiation, ambient temperature, the length of evaporating tube and the gap between tubs et al. on the evaporating,
引文
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