基于储能装置不同接入方式的微电网控制策略与运行特性研究
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摘要
储能装置作为微电网中不可或缺的重要设备,在保证系统安全稳定运行、改善电能质量、提高供电可靠性以及优化微电网经济效益等方面发挥着重要作用。本文以风光储互补微电网为研究对象,实现微电网安全稳定运行为目标,研究了储能装置在微电网中的作用机理。
首先,介绍了微电网中各种类型的储能装置,分析了储能装置在微电网中作用,根据储能装置不同接入方式,将微电网中储能系统分为分布式储能和集中式储能。采用蓄电池储能作为研究对象,建立了蓄电池的等效电路模型和充放电电路,设计了蓄电池的充放电控制方法。
其次,研究了微电网的运行特性和控制策略。风光储微电网中,光伏电池、直驱式永磁同步风力电机以及蓄电池储能都是通过逆变器并网发电,所以研究了基于电力电子接口的微电源三种控制策略：PQ控制、V/F控制和Droop控制。研究了微电网系统层面控制策略：主从控制和对等控制。
然后,为了搭建风光储微电网系统,建立了两级式光伏并网发电系统和直驱式永磁同步风力发电系统。采用基于Boost电路的占空比扰动观察法的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪控制方法和最优叶尖速比的最大风能追踪控制方法,实现太阳能和风能的最大利用率。并采用直流电压外环电感电流内环的并网逆变器控制策略,实现了光伏电池和直驱永磁同步风力电机的并网发电。
最后,建立了含集中式储能和含分布式储能两种不同拓扑结构的风光储微电网系统,含集中式储能的微电网设计为主从控制、含分布式储能的微电网设计为对等控制。利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行仿真实验,两种不同结构的微电网,都实现了并网模式和孤岛模式时安全稳定运行,以及两种运行模式之间的平滑切换,验证了设计的控制策略的有效性和正确性。
Energy storage device as an integral part of the microgrid equipment plays an important role to ensure safe and stable operation of the system, to improve power quality and reliability, and to optimize the economic benefits of micro-grid. In this thesis, the hybrid microgrid composed of wind farm, photovoltaic generation and energy storage system; is the research object. The realization of the microgrid security and stability is the goal, and the mechanism of energy storage devices in the micro-grid was researched.
First, the various types of energy storage device in microgrid were recommended, and the effect of energy storage device in the microgrid was analyzed. The microgrid energy storage system was classified into distributed storage and centralized storage by the different access of energy storage device. As the Battery energy storage was the research object, a battery equivalent circuit model and charging and discharging circuit was established, the charge and discharge control method of the battery was designed.
Secondly, the operation characteristics and control strategy of the microgrid was researched. In the hybrid microgrid composed of wind farm, photovoltaic generation and energy storage system;, photovoltaic cells, direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind motor and battery energy storage was connected to the grid through the inverter. So three control strategies based on power electronics interface have been researched. They were PQ control, V/F control and Droop control. What's more, the system-level control strategies of the microgrid have been researched. They were centralized control and peer-to-peer control.
Then, in order to construct the microgrid system containing wind power, solar power and energy storage, the two-stage photovoltaic power generation system and the direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system was established. The maximum power point tracking control method of the photovoltaic cell based on the perturbation and observation method of the duty ratio in a the Boost circuit and the maximum wind power tracking control method under optimal tip speed ratio have been devised, achieve the maximum utilization of solar and wind energy. In addition, the grid-connected inverter control strategy using the DC voltage outer loop and the inductor current inner loop was designed, which realized the photovoltaic cells and direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind motors connecting to the power generation.
Finally, the microgrid system containing distributed energy storage and centralized storage scenery storage, two different topologies, was established. Moreover, the microgrid with centralized storage was designed as master-slave control, and the microgrid with distributed energy storage was designed as peer-to-peer control. Basing on the Matlab/Simulink software simulation, the two different structures of microgrid realized safe and stable operation under network mode and island mode, as well as the smooth switching between the two modes of operation. In the end, the effectiveness and correctness of the control strategy was verified.
首先,介绍了微电网中各种类型的储能装置,分析了储能装置在微电网中作用,根据储能装置不同接入方式,将微电网中储能系统分为分布式储能和集中式储能。采用蓄电池储能作为研究对象,建立了蓄电池的等效电路模型和充放电电路,设计了蓄电池的充放电控制方法。
其次,研究了微电网的运行特性和控制策略。风光储微电网中,光伏电池、直驱式永磁同步风力电机以及蓄电池储能都是通过逆变器并网发电,所以研究了基于电力电子接口的微电源三种控制策略：PQ控制、V/F控制和Droop控制。研究了微电网系统层面控制策略：主从控制和对等控制。
然后,为了搭建风光储微电网系统,建立了两级式光伏并网发电系统和直驱式永磁同步风力发电系统。采用基于Boost电路的占空比扰动观察法的光伏电池最大功率点跟踪控制方法和最优叶尖速比的最大风能追踪控制方法,实现太阳能和风能的最大利用率。并采用直流电压外环电感电流内环的并网逆变器控制策略,实现了光伏电池和直驱永磁同步风力电机的并网发电。
最后,建立了含集中式储能和含分布式储能两种不同拓扑结构的风光储微电网系统,含集中式储能的微电网设计为主从控制、含分布式储能的微电网设计为对等控制。利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行仿真实验,两种不同结构的微电网,都实现了并网模式和孤岛模式时安全稳定运行,以及两种运行模式之间的平滑切换,验证了设计的控制策略的有效性和正确性。
Energy storage device as an integral part of the microgrid equipment plays an important role to ensure safe and stable operation of the system, to improve power quality and reliability, and to optimize the economic benefits of micro-grid. In this thesis, the hybrid microgrid composed of wind farm, photovoltaic generation and energy storage system; is the research object. The realization of the microgrid security and stability is the goal, and the mechanism of energy storage devices in the micro-grid was researched.
First, the various types of energy storage device in microgrid were recommended, and the effect of energy storage device in the microgrid was analyzed. The microgrid energy storage system was classified into distributed storage and centralized storage by the different access of energy storage device. As the Battery energy storage was the research object, a battery equivalent circuit model and charging and discharging circuit was established, the charge and discharge control method of the battery was designed.
Secondly, the operation characteristics and control strategy of the microgrid was researched. In the hybrid microgrid composed of wind farm, photovoltaic generation and energy storage system;, photovoltaic cells, direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind motor and battery energy storage was connected to the grid through the inverter. So three control strategies based on power electronics interface have been researched. They were PQ control, V/F control and Droop control. What's more, the system-level control strategies of the microgrid have been researched. They were centralized control and peer-to-peer control.
Then, in order to construct the microgrid system containing wind power, solar power and energy storage, the two-stage photovoltaic power generation system and the direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system was established. The maximum power point tracking control method of the photovoltaic cell based on the perturbation and observation method of the duty ratio in a the Boost circuit and the maximum wind power tracking control method under optimal tip speed ratio have been devised, achieve the maximum utilization of solar and wind energy. In addition, the grid-connected inverter control strategy using the DC voltage outer loop and the inductor current inner loop was designed, which realized the photovoltaic cells and direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind motors connecting to the power generation.
Finally, the microgrid system containing distributed energy storage and centralized storage scenery storage, two different topologies, was established. Moreover, the microgrid with centralized storage was designed as master-slave control, and the microgrid with distributed energy storage was designed as peer-to-peer control. Basing on the Matlab/Simulink software simulation, the two different structures of microgrid realized safe and stable operation under network mode and island mode, as well as the smooth switching between the two modes of operation. In the end, the effectiveness and correctness of the control strategy was verified.
引文
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[3]梁有伟,胡志坚,陈允平.分布式发电及其在电力系统中的应用研究综述[J].电网技术,2003,2(12)：71-76.
[4]Lasseter R H. Microgrids[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. NewYork.2002(1):305-308.
[5]王成山,李鹏.分布式发电、微网与智能配电网的发展与挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2)：10-14.
[6]Lasseter R H, Paigi Paolo. Microgrid:a conceptual solution[C]. Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Anchen, Germany.2004(1):4285-4290.
[7]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平等.新型电网-微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(12)：75-80.
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