APON系统中突发式接收模块的研究
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摘要
近年来，人们对异步转移模式(ATM)和无源光网络(PON)进行了广泛研究。由于ATM对语音、数据和图像等多种业务的支持，并能适应多种传输速率的要求，而PON技术能够提供经济、灵活的接入方式，因此将ATM与PON技术相结合可构成一种颇具吸引力的ATM-PON(简称为APON)的宽带接入网方式。PON系统在90年代得到快速发展，现在人们更多的把目光投向APON系统的研究和开发。
本论文主要探讨研究开发适于155Mb／s速率的突发式光接收模块。Bell实验室在90年代初提出了突发式接收模块的方案，其方案是采用自适应门限判决但会丢失若干帧引导比特。在研制155Mb／s突发式接收模块中本论文采用“基线非线性和线性恢复”法，后者采用逐次比特快速恢复，原则上不丢失信号，因而响应极快。
突发式接收模块的设计应考虑APON系统中的若干技术问题而设计。第一，快速比特同步。常规的方案有相关同步法和多相位时钟采样法等。第二，突发式上行信号接收。常见的有固定阈值判决和动态阈值判决。针对155Mb／s突发式收发模块的工作特点和技术难点，我们提出了注入锁相环法的快速同步技术；对于突发式信号的接收，我们采用了直流耦合和动态阈值判决的技术方案。设计的突发式接收模块经过测试其相应的指标均达到预期要求，技术参数达到国外90年代末期同类产品的先进水平。
本课题的研究得到项目“宽带接入网突发式光发射和接收模块”(项目编号：2002AA101A04)的资助。155Mb／s突发式光接收模块的研制成功为光纤进入普通家庭创造了基本的条件，也为以后开发155Mb／s以上速率的突发式光收发模块奠定了坚实的理论和技术基础。
本论文共包含七章的内容：第一章为绪论部分，介绍了宽带接入网的相关知识和APON引入的原因；第二章总结了APON系统的特点和技术难点；第三章针对突发式接收模块所需要解决的关键技术和传统方案，提出了155Mb／s突发式接收模块的理论方案；第四章探讨了实现突发式接收模块的技术路线，并详细介绍了可实现设计的芯片功能和特点；第五章分析了具体
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
的电路设计和高频电路设计需要注意的问题；第六章对突发式接收模块进行
了测试并分析了结果，表明所设计的突发式接收模块能够达到预期的相关指
标；第七章对整个论文进行总结并对 155MbitlS突发式接收模块的前景提出
了展望。
Recently, people are doing wide studies on Asynchronism Transfer Mode (ATM) and Passive Optical Network (PON). As ATM supports many services such as voice, data, image and so on, accommodating many transporting speed, meanwhile PON can support economic and flexible access mode, so the technology combining PON with ATM makes an attractive broadband access mode. PON system has a rapid development in 90's.Now people put more sight into APON.
The paper mainly discusses the design of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver. Bell lab put forward the schemes of the burst mode receiver, which adapted auto-adaptive threshold decision and the cost of the receiver is losing of some frame overhead bits. In our developing 155Mb/s burst mode receiver, we have adapted non-linearity based on linearity and linearity recovery that is bit to bit to recover quickly, which doesn't lose signal in principle, so it responds as quick as thought.
The design of burst mode receiver should take into accounts of some technical questions in APON. Fist, quick bit synchronization .The common methods are relative synchronization, multi-phase clock sample and so on. Second, upstream burst signal receiving. The common methods are fixed threshold and dynamic threshold decision. In allusion to the working characteristics and technical difficulties of 155Mb/s burst mode receiver, we have put forward to the quick synchronization of inpouring Phase Locked Loops (PLL). For receiving burst signal, we introduce the scheme of DC coupling and dynamic threshold decision. By being tested, burst mode receiver has reached anticipated effects and its technical parameters have reached the same advance level of overseas products in the late 90's.
The progect has got the imbursement of progect named "burst mode
receiver/ transmitter in broadband access network" (NO:2002AA101A04) .The accomplishment of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver makes essential conditions for the accessing of optical fiber to the common families and estabiishs a theory and technical foundation of the developing burst mode Receiver/Transmitter of the speed over 155Mbit/s.
The paper includes seven chapters altogether: chapter one is preface, mostly introducing some correlative knowledge of broadband access network and reasons of inducting APON. Chapter two briefly summarizes the characteristics and technical difficulties in APON. Aiming at the key technology and shortcomings of the conventional schemes, chapter three presents theory schemes of 155Mb/s burst mode receiver. Chapter four discusses the technique route of accomplishing burst mode receiver and introduces the functions and features of material chips detailedly. Chapter five analyzes practical circuit design ideas and some attentive questions in high frequency circuit design. Chapter six introduces the testing of the designed burst mode receiver and analyzes the experiment results, which indicates that the design can realize the expectant targets. Chapter seven sumarizes the paper and puts forward the prospects of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver.
本论文主要探讨研究开发适于155Mb／s速率的突发式光接收模块。Bell实验室在90年代初提出了突发式接收模块的方案，其方案是采用自适应门限判决但会丢失若干帧引导比特。在研制155Mb／s突发式接收模块中本论文采用“基线非线性和线性恢复”法，后者采用逐次比特快速恢复，原则上不丢失信号，因而响应极快。
突发式接收模块的设计应考虑APON系统中的若干技术问题而设计。第一，快速比特同步。常规的方案有相关同步法和多相位时钟采样法等。第二，突发式上行信号接收。常见的有固定阈值判决和动态阈值判决。针对155Mb／s突发式收发模块的工作特点和技术难点，我们提出了注入锁相环法的快速同步技术；对于突发式信号的接收，我们采用了直流耦合和动态阈值判决的技术方案。设计的突发式接收模块经过测试其相应的指标均达到预期要求，技术参数达到国外90年代末期同类产品的先进水平。
本课题的研究得到项目“宽带接入网突发式光发射和接收模块”(项目编号：2002AA101A04)的资助。155Mb／s突发式光接收模块的研制成功为光纤进入普通家庭创造了基本的条件，也为以后开发155Mb／s以上速率的突发式光收发模块奠定了坚实的理论和技术基础。
本论文共包含七章的内容：第一章为绪论部分，介绍了宽带接入网的相关知识和APON引入的原因；第二章总结了APON系统的特点和技术难点；第三章针对突发式接收模块所需要解决的关键技术和传统方案，提出了155Mb／s突发式接收模块的理论方案；第四章探讨了实现突发式接收模块的技术路线，并详细介绍了可实现设计的芯片功能和特点；第五章分析了具体
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
的电路设计和高频电路设计需要注意的问题；第六章对突发式接收模块进行
了测试并分析了结果，表明所设计的突发式接收模块能够达到预期的相关指
标；第七章对整个论文进行总结并对 155MbitlS突发式接收模块的前景提出
了展望。
Recently, people are doing wide studies on Asynchronism Transfer Mode (ATM) and Passive Optical Network (PON). As ATM supports many services such as voice, data, image and so on, accommodating many transporting speed, meanwhile PON can support economic and flexible access mode, so the technology combining PON with ATM makes an attractive broadband access mode. PON system has a rapid development in 90's.Now people put more sight into APON.
The paper mainly discusses the design of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver. Bell lab put forward the schemes of the burst mode receiver, which adapted auto-adaptive threshold decision and the cost of the receiver is losing of some frame overhead bits. In our developing 155Mb/s burst mode receiver, we have adapted non-linearity based on linearity and linearity recovery that is bit to bit to recover quickly, which doesn't lose signal in principle, so it responds as quick as thought.
The design of burst mode receiver should take into accounts of some technical questions in APON. Fist, quick bit synchronization .The common methods are relative synchronization, multi-phase clock sample and so on. Second, upstream burst signal receiving. The common methods are fixed threshold and dynamic threshold decision. In allusion to the working characteristics and technical difficulties of 155Mb/s burst mode receiver, we have put forward to the quick synchronization of inpouring Phase Locked Loops (PLL). For receiving burst signal, we introduce the scheme of DC coupling and dynamic threshold decision. By being tested, burst mode receiver has reached anticipated effects and its technical parameters have reached the same advance level of overseas products in the late 90's.
The progect has got the imbursement of progect named "burst mode
receiver/ transmitter in broadband access network" (NO:2002AA101A04) .The accomplishment of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver makes essential conditions for the accessing of optical fiber to the common families and estabiishs a theory and technical foundation of the developing burst mode Receiver/Transmitter of the speed over 155Mbit/s.
The paper includes seven chapters altogether: chapter one is preface, mostly introducing some correlative knowledge of broadband access network and reasons of inducting APON. Chapter two briefly summarizes the characteristics and technical difficulties in APON. Aiming at the key technology and shortcomings of the conventional schemes, chapter three presents theory schemes of 155Mb/s burst mode receiver. Chapter four discusses the technique route of accomplishing burst mode receiver and introduces the functions and features of material chips detailedly. Chapter five analyzes practical circuit design ideas and some attentive questions in high frequency circuit design. Chapter six introduces the testing of the designed burst mode receiver and analyzes the experiment results, which indicates that the design can realize the expectant targets. Chapter seven sumarizes the paper and puts forward the prospects of the 155Mb/s burst mode receiver.
引文
[1]李宏桥，杨峰等．宽带网络技术原理．北京：机械工业出版社．2002，5．
[2]王波．宽带网发展的技术实现．天津工业大学学报．2002．1
[3]凌传繁．宽带接入技术及其应用前景．华东交通大学学报．2001．4
[4]王佳生．ATM技术构建宽带网络．信息技术．2001．4
[5]李谨等．基于ATM的宽带无源光接入网的研究．光通信研究．2000．1
[6]何岩．全业务网接入传输系统．光纤通信技术．2000，(4)．2-4
[7]丘昆等．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[8]ITU-T,Rec.G 983.1.Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network (PON),Oct.1998
[9]ITU-T,New Draft Recommendation G.983.2 for determination, "The ONT Management and Control Interface Specification for ATM-PON", July1999
[10]Mihai Banu, Alfred Dunolp. A660Mbit/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with instantaneous locking for NRZ data and burst-mode transmission. ISSCC'93/session6/broad band data communications/paper TA6.4.1994
[11]Stephen Topliss,Daniel B eeler, L aurenz Altwegg. Synchronization for Passive Optical Networks. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1995,(13)5:947～953
[12]Yusuke Ota,Robert G Swartz, Vance D Archer Ⅲ, etal.High-Speed, Burst Mode, PacketCapable Optical Receiver and Instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical Bus Operation. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1994,12(2):325～33
[13]曾清海．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[14]杨建良，郭照南．基于TDM/TDMA的PON及其关键技术．应用光学．1998．2
[15]唐玉麟．光纤通信的发展及应用开发技术．光纤与电缆及其应用技术，1997；3：10-17
[16]ITU-T Rec G.982. Optical access networks tosupport services up to the ISDN primary rate or equivalent bit rates. Genera, ITU 1995,5
[17]韦乐平．光配线网．电信科学，1997；13(5)：46-50
[18]王志军．无源光网络标准研究．光通信研究，1997；50-55
[19]Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical network architecture. Hitachi Review, 1994;43(2):168-175
[20]谢瑾，潘素敏．基于TDMA技术无源光网络的实验研究．中国建材工业出版社，1997：103-106
[21]杨祥林．光纤通信系统．国防工业出版社．2000．1
[22]揭若谷等．高速自适应突发模式接收光接收机的误码率分析．湘潭大学自然科学学报 1999．6
[23]Eldering C A. Theoretical determination of sensitivity penalty of burst mode fiber optic receiver. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1993, 11(11):2145～2149
[24]Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical network architecture. Hitachi Review, 1994,43(2):168～175
[25]龙汉平．无源光网络(PON)关键技术的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉邮电科学研究院．1997．7～17
[26]Ota Y, Swartz R G.Burst mode compatible optical receiver with large dynamic range. IEEE JL ightwave Technology,1990, 8(11):1897～1903
[27]Valdes P M. Performance of optical direct receiviers using noise corrupted decision threshold. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1995,13(10):2202～2214
[28]C Su, Chen L K, Cheung W K. Theory of burst mode receiver and its applications in foptical multi-access network. IEEE Light wave Technology, 1997, 15(4):590～606
[29]Nagasako Yand Nakashima T. Fast time extraction method foranoptical passive bus. Electronics Letters,1990,26(15):1168～1169
[30]BanuMand DunlopAE. Clock recovery circuit swithins tantaneous locking. Electronics Letters, 1992,28(23):2127～2129
[31]曾小波，秦志辉，原荣．ATM-PON上行突发同步设计与实现．光通信技术．2002．4，vol 26
[32]陈伟，黄秋元，周鹏．突发模式光接收模块在PON系统的应用．武汉理工大学校报信息与管理工程版，2002．4
[33]万丽娟，李春风．ATM的关键技术及应用．农机化研究，2002．5
[34]翟虹强等．ATM技术与发展的发展．电力系统自动化，2001年第25卷第11期
[34]陈伟，周鹏，黄秋元等．155Mb/s突发式光发射和接收模块技术研制总结报告．2002．9
[35]蒋翠玲，陈伟，吴建华，陈适．ATM-pon突发式接收模块的设计及实现．微电子学与计算机，2003．vol 20，No．2
[36]M.Nakamura,N.Ishihar,Y.Akazawa,"A 156Mb/s CMOS Optical Receiver for Burst Mode Transmission",IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.33,pp.1179-1187,Aug. 1998
[37]Y.Ota,R.G.Swartz,V,ArcherⅢ,S,Kortky,M.Banu,A,Dunlop, "High-Speed, Burst-Mode, Packed-Capable Optical Receiver and instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical Bus Operation", IEEE J.Light-Wave Tech,Vol.12, pp.325-331, Feb. 1994
[38]ITU-T Recommendation G.983.1, "Broadband Optical Acess System Based on Passive Optical Networks(PON)", October 1998
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[2]王波．宽带网发展的技术实现．天津工业大学学报．2002．1
[3]凌传繁．宽带接入技术及其应用前景．华东交通大学学报．2001．4
[4]王佳生．ATM技术构建宽带网络．信息技术．2001．4
[5]李谨等．基于ATM的宽带无源光接入网的研究．光通信研究．2000．1
[6]何岩．全业务网接入传输系统．光纤通信技术．2000，(4)．2-4
[7]丘昆等．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[8]ITU-T,Rec.G 983.1.Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical network (PON),Oct.1998
[9]ITU-T,New Draft Recommendation G.983.2 for determination, "The ONT Management and Control Interface Specification for ATM-PON", July1999
[10]Mihai Banu, Alfred Dunolp. A660Mbit/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with instantaneous locking for NRZ data and burst-mode transmission. ISSCC'93/session6/broad band data communications/paper TA6.4.1994
[11]Stephen Topliss,Daniel B eeler, L aurenz Altwegg. Synchronization for Passive Optical Networks. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1995,(13)5:947～953
[12]Yusuke Ota,Robert G Swartz, Vance D Archer Ⅲ, etal.High-Speed, Burst Mode, PacketCapable Optical Receiver and Instantaneous Clock Recovery for Optical Bus Operation. Journal of L ightwave Technology, 1994,12(2):325～33
[13]曾清海．ATM-PON关键技术探讨．光通信技术．2001．1
[14]杨建良，郭照南．基于TDM/TDMA的PON及其关键技术．应用光学．1998．2
[15]唐玉麟．光纤通信的发展及应用开发技术．光纤与电缆及其应用技术，1997；3：10-17
[16]ITU-T Rec G.982. Optical access networks tosupport services up to the ISDN primary rate or equivalent bit rates. Genera, ITU 1995,5
[17]韦乐平．光配线网．电信科学，1997；13(5)：46-50
[18]王志军．无源光网络标准研究．光通信研究，1997；50-55
[19]Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical network architecture. Hitachi Review, 1994;43(2):168-175
[20]谢瑾，潘素敏．基于TDMA技术无源光网络的实验研究．中国建材工业出版社，1997：103-106
[21]杨祥林．光纤通信系统．国防工业出版社．2000．1
[22]揭若谷等．高速自适应突发模式接收光接收机的误码率分析．湘潭大学自然科学学报 1999．6
[23]Eldering C A. Theoretical determination of sensitivity penalty of burst mode fiber optic receiver. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1993, 11(11):2145～2149
[24]Masakazu, Kitazawa. Fiber optic subscriber system based on passive optical network architecture. Hitachi Review, 1994,43(2):168～175
[25]龙汉平．无源光网络(PON)关键技术的研究：[硕士论文]．武汉：武汉邮电科学研究院．1997．7～17
[26]Ota Y, Swartz R G.Burst mode compatible optical receiver with large dynamic range. IEEE JL ightwave Technology,1990, 8(11):1897～1903
[27]Valdes P M. Performance of optical direct receiviers using noise corrupted decision threshold. IEEE J Light wave Technology, 1995,13(10):2202～2214
[28]C Su, Chen L K, Cheung W K. Theory of burst mode receiver and its applications in foptical multi-access network. IEEE Light wave Technology, 1997, 15(4):590～606
[29]Nagasako Yand Nakashima T. Fast time extraction method foranoptical passive bus. Electronics Letters,1990,26(15):1168～1169
[30]BanuMand DunlopAE. Clock recovery circuit swithins tantaneous locking. Electronics Letters, 1992,28(23):2127～2129
[31]曾小波，秦志辉，原荣．ATM-PON上行突发同步设计与实现．光通信技术．2002．4，vol 26
[32]陈伟，黄秋元，周鹏．突发模式光接收模块在PON系统的应用．武汉理工大学校报信息与管理工程版，2002．4
[33]万丽娟，李春风．ATM的关键技术及应用．农机化研究，2002．5
[34]翟虹强等．ATM技术与发展的发展．电力系统自动化，2001年第25卷第11期
[34]陈伟，周鹏，黄秋元等．155Mb/s突发式光发射和接收模块技术研制总结报告．2002．9
[35]蒋翠玲，陈伟，吴建华，陈适．ATM-pon突发式接收模块的设计及实现．微电子学与计算机，2003．vol 20，No．2
[36]M.Nakamura,N.Ishihar,Y.Akazawa,"A 156Mb/s CMOS Optical Receiver for Burst Mode Transmission",IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol.33,pp.1179-1187,Aug. 1998
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