用于卫星光通信的非机械光束方向控制技术研究
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摘要
在卫星光通信系统中,传统的光束方向机械调节方式不能满足高带宽的要求,必须采用非机械的光束调节方式。声光偏转技术可以实现高带宽的光束方向控制,因此越来越引起人们的重视。利用TeO_2单晶中慢切变波的反常布拉格衍射器件是目前性能最好的声光偏转器。
根据晶体的声光特性以及反常布拉格衍射的Dixon方程,得出了氧化碲声光偏转器在反常布拉格衍射条件下的参数矢量关系,分析了超声波方向、入射光角度、衍射光角度与声波频率之间的关系。针对卫星光通信中衍射角固定的应用情况,通过数值求解和参数拟合,得出了保持衍射角固定不变的控制方法和基于平面的模型。利用该模型,不再需要求解复杂的Dixon方程,简化计算,易于工程实现。文章还讨论了超声吸收对衍射效率的影响,以及如何修正。
根据卫星光通信实验系统的要求,构建了实验平台,设计了硬件控制系统及驱动电路。在硬件系统的基础上,根据文中得到的保持衍射角固定不变的平面模型,设计了相应的软件。
Traditional mechanical laser beam steering technology cannot satisfy the demand of high bandwidth for satellite laser communication, so non-mechanical technology must be adopted. The high tracking bandwidth of Acousto-Optic beam steering technology has attracted more and more attention. The TeO_2 crystal using the slow shear wave mode possesses the best Acousto-Optic properties.
The relationship of acoustic wave direction, laser incident angle, and laser diffraction angle of TeO_2 Acousto-Optical deflector with acoustic frequency is analyzed based on the TeO_2 crystal Acousto-Optical characteristic and the Dixon equations under abnormal Bragg diffraction. A simple linear model for the fixed diffraction angle is set up by numerical calculation and parameter fitting. Using the linear model, acoustic wave frequency for fixed laser diffraction angle could be obtained easily. This paper also discusses the impact of acoustic attenuation upon diffraction efficiency and how to correct it.
According to the demand of satellite laser communication system, the experiment platform has been established, including the hardware control system and the driving circuits. Based on the hardware system, the corresponding software has been designed by using the linear model for the fixed diffraction angle.
根据晶体的声光特性以及反常布拉格衍射的Dixon方程,得出了氧化碲声光偏转器在反常布拉格衍射条件下的参数矢量关系,分析了超声波方向、入射光角度、衍射光角度与声波频率之间的关系。针对卫星光通信中衍射角固定的应用情况,通过数值求解和参数拟合,得出了保持衍射角固定不变的控制方法和基于平面的模型。利用该模型,不再需要求解复杂的Dixon方程,简化计算,易于工程实现。文章还讨论了超声吸收对衍射效率的影响,以及如何修正。
根据卫星光通信实验系统的要求,构建了实验平台,设计了硬件控制系统及驱动电路。在硬件系统的基础上,根据文中得到的保持衍射角固定不变的平面模型,设计了相应的软件。
Traditional mechanical laser beam steering technology cannot satisfy the demand of high bandwidth for satellite laser communication, so non-mechanical technology must be adopted. The high tracking bandwidth of Acousto-Optic beam steering technology has attracted more and more attention. The TeO_2 crystal using the slow shear wave mode possesses the best Acousto-Optic properties.
The relationship of acoustic wave direction, laser incident angle, and laser diffraction angle of TeO_2 Acousto-Optical deflector with acoustic frequency is analyzed based on the TeO_2 crystal Acousto-Optical characteristic and the Dixon equations under abnormal Bragg diffraction. A simple linear model for the fixed diffraction angle is set up by numerical calculation and parameter fitting. Using the linear model, acoustic wave frequency for fixed laser diffraction angle could be obtained easily. This paper also discusses the impact of acoustic attenuation upon diffraction efficiency and how to correct it.
According to the demand of satellite laser communication system, the experiment platform has been established, including the hardware control system and the driving circuits. Based on the hardware system, the corresponding software has been designed by using the linear model for the fixed diffraction angle.
引文
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[16]Kim I.I.,Horizontal-link performance of the STRV2 lasercom experiment ground terminals,Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:11-22.
[17]Gotthard O.,Silex program status - a major milestone is reached.Proc.SPIE.1997,Vol.2990:2-8.
[18]Demelerme B.,Nielsen T.-T.,and Guillen J.-C.,SILEX-ground segment control facilities and flight operations.Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:2-10.
[19]Planche G.,Laurent B.,Guillen JG.,and Desplats E.,SILEX final ground testing and in-flight performances assessment.Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:64-77.
[20]Pribil K,Flemmig J,"SLACOS-system implementation",Proc.SPIE,1996,Vol.2381,pp.142-150.
[21]徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:31-32.
[22]W.R.Klein,Bill.D.Cook.Unified approach to ultrasonic light diffraction[J].IEEE Trans.Sonics and Ultrasonics,1967,SU14(3):123-134.
[23]徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M].北京:科学出版社1982:112-151.
[24]Xu Jie-ping,STROUD R.Acousto-optic devices principles,design and applications[M].USA:Malloy Lit hographing,Inc.1992:47-100,315-392.
[25]A.W.Wamer,D.L.White,W.A.Bonner.Acousto-optic light deflectors using optical activity in paratellurite[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1972,43(11):4489-4495.
[26]R.W.Dixon.Acoustic diffraction of light in anisotropic media[J].IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1967,QE-3(2),85-93.
[27]Vladimir V.Nikulin,Mounir Bouzoubaa.Modeling of the tracking system components of the laser satellite communication systems[J].Proc.SPIE 2001 Vol.4272.
[28]Mounir Bouzoubaa,Vladimir V.Nikulina,Victor A.Skormina,etal.Model reference control of a laser beam steering system for laser communication applications[J].Proc.SPIE,2001,Vol.4272.
[29]400 MSPS,10-Bit,1.8 V CMOS Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9859,REV.0. Analog Devices,Inc.
[30]Datasheet of MITSUBISHI RF MOSFET MODULE RA07H0608M.MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC.
[31]Datasheet of ATmega128,Rev.24670-AVR-10/06.Atmel Corporation.
[32]ADS7864,500kHz,12-Bit,6-Channel Simultaneous Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter data sheet.Texas Instruments.
[33]HCF4094B,8 STAGE SHIFT AND STORE BUS REGISTER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS data sheet.ST Microelectronics.
[34]普莱斯曼.开关电源设计.王志强,译.2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[35]Advantech ActiveDAQ User's Manual,Ver 1.6.Advantech Co.,Ltd.
[36]李永军,李田,马立元.PCI-1710数采卡在自动测试系统中的应用[J].测控技术,2005,24(1):77-78.
[2]刘立人.卫星激光通信 I 链路和终端技术[J].中国激光,2007,34(1):1-18.
[3]M.Guelman,A.Livne,etal.Broadband laser intersatellite link for microsatellite:project overview[J].IAF,IAF-01-M.2.b.,2001,06:1-10.
[4]潘湖迪,金韬.相干检测星问跟踪技术方案的优化设计[J].光子学报,2005,34(5):694-696.
[5]刘劲,金韬.光束偏转器传输特性对系统定向准确度的影响[J].光子学报,2005,34(12):1885-1888.
[6]金韬.基于电光效应的相干检测星间跟踪技术[J].光子学报,2003,32(10):1185-1188.
[7]B.J.Cassavly,J.C.Ehlert,and D.J.Henry.Low insertion loss high precision liquid crystal optical phased array[J].Proc.SPIE,1991,Vol.1417:110-118.
[8]J.E.Stockley,S.Serati,etal.Liquid crystal spatial light modulator for multispot beam steering[J].Proc.SPIE,2004,Vol.5160:208-215.
[9]S.Serati,J.Stocklay.Nonmechanical wavelength-independent beam steerer[P].US Patent Pub.No.2005/0007668 A1,Jan.13,2005.
[10]G.Seaver.Solid-state system for tracking and regulating optical beams[P].US patent Pub.No.2003/0035178 SA1,Feb.20,2003.
[11]J.Sofka,V.V.Nikulin,etal.Hybird laser beam steerer for laser communications applications[J].Proc.SPIE,2004,Vol.5160:161-169.
[12]Fenner W.R..Future trends in crosslink communications[J].Proc.SPIE,1993,Vol.1866:1-8.
[13]Jeganathan M.,etal.Lessons learnt from the Optical Communication Demonstrator(OCD)[J].Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:23-30.
[14]Sandusky J.V.,et al.Overview of the preliminary design of the optical communication demonstration and high-rate link facility[J].Proc.SPIE,1999, Vol.3615:185-191.
[15]Korevaar E.,et al,Design of ground terminal for STRV-2 satellite-to-ground lasercom experiment,Proc.SPIE,1998,Vol.3266:153-164.
[16]Kim I.I.,Horizontal-link performance of the STRV2 lasercom experiment ground terminals,Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:11-22.
[17]Gotthard O.,Silex program status - a major milestone is reached.Proc.SPIE.1997,Vol.2990:2-8.
[18]Demelerme B.,Nielsen T.-T.,and Guillen J.-C.,SILEX-ground segment control facilities and flight operations.Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:2-10.
[19]Planche G.,Laurent B.,Guillen JG.,and Desplats E.,SILEX final ground testing and in-flight performances assessment.Proc.SPIE,1999,Vol.3615:64-77.
[20]Pribil K,Flemmig J,"SLACOS-system implementation",Proc.SPIE,1996,Vol.2381,pp.142-150.
[21]徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:31-32.
[22]W.R.Klein,Bill.D.Cook.Unified approach to ultrasonic light diffraction[J].IEEE Trans.Sonics and Ultrasonics,1967,SU14(3):123-134.
[23]徐介平.声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M].北京:科学出版社1982:112-151.
[24]Xu Jie-ping,STROUD R.Acousto-optic devices principles,design and applications[M].USA:Malloy Lit hographing,Inc.1992:47-100,315-392.
[25]A.W.Wamer,D.L.White,W.A.Bonner.Acousto-optic light deflectors using optical activity in paratellurite[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1972,43(11):4489-4495.
[26]R.W.Dixon.Acoustic diffraction of light in anisotropic media[J].IEEE J.Quantum Electron.,1967,QE-3(2),85-93.
[27]Vladimir V.Nikulin,Mounir Bouzoubaa.Modeling of the tracking system components of the laser satellite communication systems[J].Proc.SPIE 2001 Vol.4272.
[28]Mounir Bouzoubaa,Vladimir V.Nikulina,Victor A.Skormina,etal.Model reference control of a laser beam steering system for laser communication applications[J].Proc.SPIE,2001,Vol.4272.
[29]400 MSPS,10-Bit,1.8 V CMOS Direct Digital Synthesizer AD9859,REV.0. Analog Devices,Inc.
[30]Datasheet of MITSUBISHI RF MOSFET MODULE RA07H0608M.MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC.
[31]Datasheet of ATmega128,Rev.24670-AVR-10/06.Atmel Corporation.
[32]ADS7864,500kHz,12-Bit,6-Channel Simultaneous Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converter data sheet.Texas Instruments.
[33]HCF4094B,8 STAGE SHIFT AND STORE BUS REGISTER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS data sheet.ST Microelectronics.
[34]普莱斯曼.开关电源设计.王志强,译.2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[35]Advantech ActiveDAQ User's Manual,Ver 1.6.Advantech Co.,Ltd.
[36]李永军,李田,马立元.PCI-1710数采卡在自动测试系统中的应用[J].测控技术,2005,24(1):77-78.