种植密度和刈割频率对杂交狼尾草饲用、能源及固碳价值的影响
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摘要
杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum x P . purpureum)是美洲狼尾草(Pnnisetmeamerieanum)和象草(P.purpureum)的杂交种,多年生。它较好地综合了父本象草高产、多年生,和母本美洲狼尾草品质好的特点,因而近年来被较广泛地种植。本论文通过大田种植杂交狼尾草种茎,研究了不同的种植密度(6944,13889,27778株/hm~2)和不同的刈割频率(2、4和6次/年)对杂交狼尾草生长、产量、饲用品质、能量利用和固碳力的影响,为杂交狼尾草在一定生态环境下在饲料、能源及固碳领域能发挥较高利用价值提供理论依据。研究结果表明:
1.当密度为13889株/hm~2时,产量最大,茎叶比也最大;分蘖数随种植密度增加而呈下降趋势;草产量以刈割2次最高,刈割6次最低,刈割次数愈多,茎叶比越小,鲜干比越大,适口性越好;分蘖数随刈割频率增多而明显增多;产量最优组合为种植密度13889株/hm~2、刈割频率为2次/年、鲜草产量达到198.10 t/hm~2;
2.粗蛋白含量随着密度的增大而减小,以刈割次数最多的最优,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)均随着刈割次数的增多而降低。当种植密度为27778株/hm~2、刈割频率为6次/年时,粗蛋白含量最高,达到17.88%。从刈割茬数对营养的动态变化影响来看,粗蛋白含量随密度的增加而下降,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(NDF/ADF)随着密度的增大而增大,粗灰分含量随密度增加减小。随着刈割茬数的增多,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量均降低,NDF和ADF含量增高。综合分析种植密度和刈割时间次数,要得到高品质的杂交狼尾草,认为研究地区适宜种植密度为6944株/hm~2,且为第一茬刈割的鲜草。
3.当密度居中时,植株干物量最大;当密度最小时,干重热量值和去灰分热量值均最大,两种热量产量最大的是当种植密度居中时,热量产量到达最高;灰分含量变化并不明显;NDF变化不明显,ADF随着密度的增大而增大。随着刈割频率的减小干物量呈下降趋势;干重热量和去灰分热量值均随刈割频率的增大而减小,干重热量产量和去灰分热量产量也随刈割频率增多降低,灰分含量随刈割频率的增大而减小;NDF和ADF均随着刈割频率的增大而减小。干物量最大的组合为A_2B_1组合,到达32.48t/hm~2,干重热量和去灰分热量最大的均为A_1B_1,热量产量最大的为A_2B_1,干重热产量最大达到506.36GJ/hm~2;粗灰分含量最适的组合为A_2B_3组合;NDF和ADF最高组合为A_3B_1。
4.当种植密度适中时,植株固定CO~2的量最大;种植对0-10cm土壤碳含量影响较大,在密度影响下,含量差值变化依次随密度增大而减小;单点光合速率也随密度的增大而呈下降趋势;植株碳含量也随密度增长呈下降趋势,碳产量以密度居中最大。植株吸收固碳CO~2的量随刈割频率增大而减小;0-10cm土壤碳含量增加值随刈割频率增大而增大;单点光合速率随刈割频率增多而增大;植株碳含量呈下降趋势,碳产量呈下降趋势。CO~2固定量最大的组合为A_2B_1组合,达到52.94t/hm~2;种植前后0-10cm土层的有机碳含量增加值以A_1B_3变化最为明显;单点光合速率最高为A_1B_1组合;植株碳含量以A_1B_3最多,碳产量则以A_2B_1最多。
Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum is a hybrid of Pnnisetmeamerieanum and P.purpureum. That integrated the characteristics of high yield, perennial and high quality,and which was widely cultivated in recent years. The effects of the panting density and the cutting frequency on growth characteristics, high yield, feed quality,energy utilization and power of fixing carbon in Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum planted in field under certain ecological conditions were studied in this paper, in which 3 plant densities and 3 cutting frequencies were designed, and this research was conducted in Handan city, Hanbei Province from April to November in 2009. The results showed that:
1.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, yield and stem leaf ratio was the highest. The yield in cutting twice a year was the highest.The yield in cutting six a year was the lowest yet its quality was the best,while the quality in cutting twice a year ranked the last.It also had a lower Stem Leaf Ratio and a higher Fresh Dry Weight ratio which led to better palatability.Highest green leaves yield of 198.10 t/hm~2 was as density of 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.General analysis showed that plant density and cutting frequency of Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum increasing to 13889/hm~2 and cut four a year has the best yield.
2.The crude protein (%) decreased with the increasing density,and increased with the increasing of defoliation frequency. Best crude protein(%) were as density of 27778/hm~2 and cut six a year. Viewed from cutting frequency effect on dynamic quality change, the crude protein (%) decreased with the increasing density;DNF and ADF(%) increased with the increasing density;Ash(%) decreased with the increasing density.Followed the cutting frequency increasing,the crude protein (%) and ash(%) decreased, but NDF and ADF increased. General analysis showed that plant density and cutting frequency of Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum increasing to 6944/hm~2 and first cutting has the best quality.
3.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, dry yield was the highest;under the density of 6944/hm~2, Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values was the highest;under the 13889/hm~2 the two caloic yield was the highest; ash(%) change was invisible.NDF change was invisible and ADF increased with the increasing density. Followed the cutting frequency decreased,the dry yield decreased.Followed the cutting frequency increasing Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values decreased;the two caloic yield decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. Ash(%)decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. DNF and ADF(%) decreased with the increasing cutting frequency. Highest dry yield of 32.48t/hm~2 was as density of 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest the two caloic yield was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.Best ash content was 13889/hm~2 and cut four a year defoliation interval. Highest NDF and ADF was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.
4.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, CO_2 fixed was the highest;plant mothod has greatest impact on 0-10cm soil. Under the influence of the density, organic carbon DIFF increased with the density increasing. Photosynthetic rate increased with the density increasing.Plant carbon content decreased with the density increasing.carbon yield decreased with the density increasing. Under the influence of the cutting frequency, CO_2 fixed decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. 0-10cm soil organic carbon DIFF increased with the cutting frequency increasing. Photosynthetic rate increased with the cutting frequency increasing. Plant carbon content and carbon yield decreased with the cutting frequency increasing.Highest CO_2 fixed was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest 0-10cm soil organic carbon DIFF was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut six a year defoliation interval. Highest photosynthetic rate was 6944/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest Plant carbon content was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut six a year defoliation interval, and carbon yield was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.
1.当密度为13889株/hm~2时,产量最大,茎叶比也最大;分蘖数随种植密度增加而呈下降趋势;草产量以刈割2次最高,刈割6次最低,刈割次数愈多,茎叶比越小,鲜干比越大,适口性越好;分蘖数随刈割频率增多而明显增多;产量最优组合为种植密度13889株/hm~2、刈割频率为2次/年、鲜草产量达到198.10 t/hm~2;
2.粗蛋白含量随着密度的增大而减小,以刈割次数最多的最优,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)均随着刈割次数的增多而降低。当种植密度为27778株/hm~2、刈割频率为6次/年时,粗蛋白含量最高,达到17.88%。从刈割茬数对营养的动态变化影响来看,粗蛋白含量随密度的增加而下降,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(NDF/ADF)随着密度的增大而增大,粗灰分含量随密度增加减小。随着刈割茬数的增多,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量均降低,NDF和ADF含量增高。综合分析种植密度和刈割时间次数,要得到高品质的杂交狼尾草,认为研究地区适宜种植密度为6944株/hm~2,且为第一茬刈割的鲜草。
3.当密度居中时,植株干物量最大;当密度最小时,干重热量值和去灰分热量值均最大,两种热量产量最大的是当种植密度居中时,热量产量到达最高;灰分含量变化并不明显;NDF变化不明显,ADF随着密度的增大而增大。随着刈割频率的减小干物量呈下降趋势;干重热量和去灰分热量值均随刈割频率的增大而减小,干重热量产量和去灰分热量产量也随刈割频率增多降低,灰分含量随刈割频率的增大而减小;NDF和ADF均随着刈割频率的增大而减小。干物量最大的组合为A_2B_1组合,到达32.48t/hm~2,干重热量和去灰分热量最大的均为A_1B_1,热量产量最大的为A_2B_1,干重热产量最大达到506.36GJ/hm~2;粗灰分含量最适的组合为A_2B_3组合;NDF和ADF最高组合为A_3B_1。
4.当种植密度适中时,植株固定CO~2的量最大;种植对0-10cm土壤碳含量影响较大,在密度影响下,含量差值变化依次随密度增大而减小;单点光合速率也随密度的增大而呈下降趋势;植株碳含量也随密度增长呈下降趋势,碳产量以密度居中最大。植株吸收固碳CO~2的量随刈割频率增大而减小;0-10cm土壤碳含量增加值随刈割频率增大而增大;单点光合速率随刈割频率增多而增大;植株碳含量呈下降趋势,碳产量呈下降趋势。CO~2固定量最大的组合为A_2B_1组合,达到52.94t/hm~2;种植前后0-10cm土层的有机碳含量增加值以A_1B_3变化最为明显;单点光合速率最高为A_1B_1组合;植株碳含量以A_1B_3最多,碳产量则以A_2B_1最多。
Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum is a hybrid of Pnnisetmeamerieanum and P.purpureum. That integrated the characteristics of high yield, perennial and high quality,and which was widely cultivated in recent years. The effects of the panting density and the cutting frequency on growth characteristics, high yield, feed quality,energy utilization and power of fixing carbon in Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum planted in field under certain ecological conditions were studied in this paper, in which 3 plant densities and 3 cutting frequencies were designed, and this research was conducted in Handan city, Hanbei Province from April to November in 2009. The results showed that:
1.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, yield and stem leaf ratio was the highest. The yield in cutting twice a year was the highest.The yield in cutting six a year was the lowest yet its quality was the best,while the quality in cutting twice a year ranked the last.It also had a lower Stem Leaf Ratio and a higher Fresh Dry Weight ratio which led to better palatability.Highest green leaves yield of 198.10 t/hm~2 was as density of 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.General analysis showed that plant density and cutting frequency of Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum increasing to 13889/hm~2 and cut four a year has the best yield.
2.The crude protein (%) decreased with the increasing density,and increased with the increasing of defoliation frequency. Best crude protein(%) were as density of 27778/hm~2 and cut six a year. Viewed from cutting frequency effect on dynamic quality change, the crude protein (%) decreased with the increasing density;DNF and ADF(%) increased with the increasing density;Ash(%) decreased with the increasing density.Followed the cutting frequency increasing,the crude protein (%) and ash(%) decreased, but NDF and ADF increased. General analysis showed that plant density and cutting frequency of Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum increasing to 6944/hm~2 and first cutting has the best quality.
3.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, dry yield was the highest;under the density of 6944/hm~2, Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values was the highest;under the 13889/hm~2 the two caloic yield was the highest; ash(%) change was invisible.NDF change was invisible and ADF increased with the increasing density. Followed the cutting frequency decreased,the dry yield decreased.Followed the cutting frequency increasing Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values decreased;the two caloic yield decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. Ash(%)decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. DNF and ADF(%) decreased with the increasing cutting frequency. Highest dry yield of 32.48t/hm~2 was as density of 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest Gross Caloric values and Ash free caloic values was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest the two caloic yield was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.Best ash content was 13889/hm~2 and cut four a year defoliation interval. Highest NDF and ADF was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.
4.Under the density of 13889/hm~2, CO_2 fixed was the highest;plant mothod has greatest impact on 0-10cm soil. Under the influence of the density, organic carbon DIFF increased with the density increasing. Photosynthetic rate increased with the density increasing.Plant carbon content decreased with the density increasing.carbon yield decreased with the density increasing. Under the influence of the cutting frequency, CO_2 fixed decreased with the cutting frequency increasing. 0-10cm soil organic carbon DIFF increased with the cutting frequency increasing. Photosynthetic rate increased with the cutting frequency increasing. Plant carbon content and carbon yield decreased with the cutting frequency increasing.Highest CO_2 fixed was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest 0-10cm soil organic carbon DIFF was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut six a year defoliation interval. Highest photosynthetic rate was 6944/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval. Highest Plant carbon content was as density was 6944/hm~2 and cut six a year defoliation interval, and carbon yield was as density was 13889/hm~2 and cut twice a year defoliation interval.
引文
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