双芯光纤的理论研究及新型双芯光纤全接入连接器的研制
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摘要
摘要：双芯光纤制作简单,结构稳定,在光纤通信、光纤传感等领域中有着广阔的应用前景,但是双芯光纤全接入连接器的缺乏阻碍了双芯光纤各种应用和研究的进一步发展。本论文结合国家自然科学基金重点项目“面向细粒度光路交换信息安全网的光纤器件”,对双芯光纤的光波导横向耦合模理论、耦合特性以及双芯光纤全接入连接器进行了深入系统的理论和实验研究,获得的主要创新成果如下：
1.基于光波导横向耦合模理论的基本思想,由Helmholtz方程出发,推导出了一种新型的非正交耦合模方程,与传统方程的对比证明了该方程的正确性。
2.基于双芯光纤耦合模理论分析了双芯光纤的耦合长度随两芯子间距的变化,利用光纤有限元方法分析了双芯光纤本征模式的双折射,以及双芯光纤耦合长度的偏振依赖特性,计算得出双芯光纤应力双折射远大于几何双折射,快轴(即x方向)的耦合系数大于慢轴(即y方向)的耦合系数,且随着双芯光纤两芯子中心间距的增大,其耦合长度的偏振敏感度将增高。
3.分别采用侧边加工预制棒法和侧边开槽法制作了圆形、哑铃形和跑道形截面的双芯光纤,搭建了双芯光纤耦合系数可灵活调谐的CO2激光调节系统,实验中CO2激光照射引起双芯光纤耦合角的改变在104.7(rad/m)左右,且不会随波长的变化而显著改变。
4.实验测试了双芯光纤在-30℃～175℃范围内的温度特性,发现随着温度升高,双芯光纤的耦合系数逐渐减小,且双芯光纤耦合角的温度敏感性随温度增加不断升高,为温度传感器的设计提供了一种新的思路。
5.首次提出并实验验证了一种具有低串话路和低损耗特性的新型双芯光纤全接入连接器,利用该连接器可实现芯子相距小于20μm的双芯光纤的两纤芯分别与普通光纤的连接。由有限元方法精确计算表明,通过该连接器,从双芯光纤中射出的两个光场的中心间距可由16μm增加至大于90μm,引起的串话路仅为-37dB,引起的总功率损耗仅为0.056dB。通过侧边开槽法光纤制造工艺和光纤熔融拉伸技术分别制作完成了一根共线四芯光纤和一段带有尾纤的双子光纤,从而部分实验验证了新型连接器方案的可行性。如果该连接器研制成功,将极大地推动双芯光纤相关应用和研究的发展。
ABSTRACT:The application potential of twin-core fiber (TCF) in the field of optical communication and optical fiber sensoring is great, due to its simple manufacture and stable construction. However, the absence of available TCF full-access connector between one TCF and two single-core fiber (SCF) blocks the further development of TCF in various application researches. With the supporting of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the lateral coupled-mode theory of optical waveguide, which is the theory bases of TCF, the coupling characteristic of TCF and the TCF full-access connector are researched in detail by theoretical analysis and experiments in this dissertation. The main achivements of the dissertation are listed as follows:
1) Base on the basic idea of the lateral coupled-mode theory of optical waveguide, a novel non-orthogonal coupled-mode equation is derivated from Helmholtz equation. Compared with the traditional equation, the novel equation is certificated to be correct.
2) The change of coupling length versus center distance of two cores in TCF is analyzed by the TCF coupled-mode theory. The birefringence of eigen mode and the polarization dependent property of coupling length in TCF is analyzed by fiber finite element method. The stress-induced birefringence is much larger than the geometrical birefringence. The coupling coefficient of fast axis is greater than that of slow axis. The polarization sensitivity of the coupling angle will become greator if the center distance of the two cores in TCF is extended.
3) A few kinds of twin-core fiber with circular, dumbbell and racetrack cross section are fabricated with side-polised preforms or side-grooved preforms. A modify system of coupling coefficient of TCF is built with CO2laser. In the experiment, the coupling angle of TCF changes by about104.7rad/m, and the change amount is not effected by wavelength significantly.
4) The temperature sensing characteristic in the range of-30℃～175℃is tested. The mutual coupling coefficient will be decreased if the temperature rises. And the temperature sensitivity of the coupling angle will become greater as the temperature rises.
5) A novel, low loss, low cross-talk, all-fiber, full-access connector is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. With the novel connector, two close cores of TCF, with the center distance smaller than20μm, can be accessed simultaneously. For the simulated example by finite element method, the center distance of the two optical fields is increased from16μm to more than90μm by passing the novel connector, the cross-talk is only-37dB, and the power loss is only0.056dB. A piece of collinear four-core fiber and a piece of Gemini fiber are fabricated by groove&stack&draw technology and fused-strech technology respectively, which proves the feasibility of the novel connector partially. with two single-mode SCF pigtails, and the working principle can be explained by directional coupling theory. The two close optical fields launched from the TCF are separated into two far apart optical fields, so that each optical field could be butt-coupled into one of the cores of one gemini fiber segment.
1.基于光波导横向耦合模理论的基本思想,由Helmholtz方程出发,推导出了一种新型的非正交耦合模方程,与传统方程的对比证明了该方程的正确性。
2.基于双芯光纤耦合模理论分析了双芯光纤的耦合长度随两芯子间距的变化,利用光纤有限元方法分析了双芯光纤本征模式的双折射,以及双芯光纤耦合长度的偏振依赖特性,计算得出双芯光纤应力双折射远大于几何双折射,快轴(即x方向)的耦合系数大于慢轴(即y方向)的耦合系数,且随着双芯光纤两芯子中心间距的增大,其耦合长度的偏振敏感度将增高。
3.分别采用侧边加工预制棒法和侧边开槽法制作了圆形、哑铃形和跑道形截面的双芯光纤,搭建了双芯光纤耦合系数可灵活调谐的CO2激光调节系统,实验中CO2激光照射引起双芯光纤耦合角的改变在104.7(rad/m)左右,且不会随波长的变化而显著改变。
4.实验测试了双芯光纤在-30℃～175℃范围内的温度特性,发现随着温度升高,双芯光纤的耦合系数逐渐减小,且双芯光纤耦合角的温度敏感性随温度增加不断升高,为温度传感器的设计提供了一种新的思路。
5.首次提出并实验验证了一种具有低串话路和低损耗特性的新型双芯光纤全接入连接器,利用该连接器可实现芯子相距小于20μm的双芯光纤的两纤芯分别与普通光纤的连接。由有限元方法精确计算表明,通过该连接器,从双芯光纤中射出的两个光场的中心间距可由16μm增加至大于90μm,引起的串话路仅为-37dB,引起的总功率损耗仅为0.056dB。通过侧边开槽法光纤制造工艺和光纤熔融拉伸技术分别制作完成了一根共线四芯光纤和一段带有尾纤的双子光纤,从而部分实验验证了新型连接器方案的可行性。如果该连接器研制成功,将极大地推动双芯光纤相关应用和研究的发展。
ABSTRACT:The application potential of twin-core fiber (TCF) in the field of optical communication and optical fiber sensoring is great, due to its simple manufacture and stable construction. However, the absence of available TCF full-access connector between one TCF and two single-core fiber (SCF) blocks the further development of TCF in various application researches. With the supporting of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the lateral coupled-mode theory of optical waveguide, which is the theory bases of TCF, the coupling characteristic of TCF and the TCF full-access connector are researched in detail by theoretical analysis and experiments in this dissertation. The main achivements of the dissertation are listed as follows:
1) Base on the basic idea of the lateral coupled-mode theory of optical waveguide, a novel non-orthogonal coupled-mode equation is derivated from Helmholtz equation. Compared with the traditional equation, the novel equation is certificated to be correct.
2) The change of coupling length versus center distance of two cores in TCF is analyzed by the TCF coupled-mode theory. The birefringence of eigen mode and the polarization dependent property of coupling length in TCF is analyzed by fiber finite element method. The stress-induced birefringence is much larger than the geometrical birefringence. The coupling coefficient of fast axis is greater than that of slow axis. The polarization sensitivity of the coupling angle will become greator if the center distance of the two cores in TCF is extended.
3) A few kinds of twin-core fiber with circular, dumbbell and racetrack cross section are fabricated with side-polised preforms or side-grooved preforms. A modify system of coupling coefficient of TCF is built with CO2laser. In the experiment, the coupling angle of TCF changes by about104.7rad/m, and the change amount is not effected by wavelength significantly.
4) The temperature sensing characteristic in the range of-30℃～175℃is tested. The mutual coupling coefficient will be decreased if the temperature rises. And the temperature sensitivity of the coupling angle will become greater as the temperature rises.
5) A novel, low loss, low cross-talk, all-fiber, full-access connector is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. With the novel connector, two close cores of TCF, with the center distance smaller than20μm, can be accessed simultaneously. For the simulated example by finite element method, the center distance of the two optical fields is increased from16μm to more than90μm by passing the novel connector, the cross-talk is only-37dB, and the power loss is only0.056dB. A piece of collinear four-core fiber and a piece of Gemini fiber are fabricated by groove&stack&draw technology and fused-strech technology respectively, which proves the feasibility of the novel connector partially. with two single-mode SCF pigtails, and the working principle can be explained by directional coupling theory. The two close optical fields launched from the TCF are separated into two far apart optical fields, so that each optical field could be butt-coupled into one of the cores of one gemini fiber segment.
引文
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