有机质谱技术在药物分析中的应用研究
|
摘要
质谱不仅能够提供大量可靠的样品结构信息和较高的检测灵敏度,也具有快速定性和定量的能力。复杂样品的快速分析一直是质谱学家追求的目标之一,是质谱技术发展的一个重要趋势。基于有机质谱快速、灵敏、准确以及能与其它检测手段联合应用于物质分析等特点,其应用范畴得到不断拓展。本研究应用离子阱质谱和三重四极杆质谱,结合高效液相色谱分离分析技术,探索、建立和发展了四种不同类型药物的分离检测技术和方法,主要包括:
1、基于液相色谱——离子阱质谱联用分析技术,建立了人血浆中阿奇霉素的浓度测定方法。血浆样品的前处理采取简单的甲醇直接沉淀的方法,血浆中杂质峰不干扰样品的测定。线性范围为4.69～600ng/mL,回收率为87.41～99.97%。该方法已成功的应用于20个健康志愿者口服500mg阿奇霉素分散片的生物等效性研究。
2、建立了一种快速灵敏的液相色谱——串联质谱联用检测人血浆中的曲克芦丁的方法,血浆样品的前处理采取高氯酸直接沉淀的方法,血浆中杂质峰不干扰样品的测定。由于曲克芦丁具有较强的极性,因此采用极性非常强的Fusion-RP柱进行色谱分离。定量下限为31.25pg/mL,日内、日间RSD均不大于12.28%,日内、日间RE在±12.8%之内。应用该法成功的测定了18个健康志愿者口服300mg曲克芦丁滴丸的生物等效性研究的血浆样品。
3、采用液相色谱——串联质谱联用技术进行了人血浆中的左炔诺孕酮的检测方法研究,血浆样品的前处理采取乙酸乙酯提取的方法。实验表明,左炔诺孕酮在弱极性的C_(18)柱具有非常强的保留;用乙腈作流动相能显著降低背景噪声。线性范围为0.625～40ng/mL,回收率为84.77～90.88%。该方法已成功的应用于20个健康女性志愿者口服1.5mg左炔诺孕酮片的生物等效性研究。
4、建立了口服给药后人血浆中的氢氯噻嗪和缬沙坦的快速液查色谱——串联质谱检测方法。采用同时检测,大大节约了成本,节省了时间。该方法准确、灵敏,已成功的应用于20个健康志愿者口服复方缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片的生物等效性研究。
Mass spectrometry(MS)could not only provide high sensitivity and reliable detection for various samples,but also offer much information about the structure and identity of analytes.Rapid analysis of complicated sample is always one of the goals of mass spectrometric scientists and an important development trendency of mass spectrometric technique.Based on its rapid,sensitive,accurate character and easy coupling with other analytical technique,the development of organic mass spectrometry shows the advantages in the widely applied area.In the present study, several applications were developed and validated for the determination of four different drug in human plasma by ion trap mass spectrometer or tri-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
1.Based on LC/MS technique,a simple and rapid method for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma is developed.Herein a simple sample preparation method of protein precipitation with methanol was employed.The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range 4.69-600ng/mL and the recovery ranged from 87.41 to 99.97%for the analyte.This method was applied to a biocquivalence study after administration of 500mg azithromycin to 20 healthy voluntecrs.
2.A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of troxerutin in human plasma is developed and validated.Perchloric acid was employed for protein precipitation.Due to the high polarity,troxerutin could only achieve suitable retention on a Phenomenex Synergi Fusion RP column.The lower limit of quantification was 31.25pg/mL for the analyte,precision below 12.28%and relative error was not more than±12.8%.This method was applied to a bioequivalence study after an administra- tion of 300mg troxerutin to 18 healthy volunteers.
3.A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of levonorgestrel in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction(LLE)with ethyl acetate,was developed. It was found that levenorgestrel yielded strong retention on C_(18)column,and higher signal-to-noise ratio was observed using acetonitrile as the mobile phase than using methanol as the mobile phase.The proposed method was validated over the concentration range 0.625-40ng/mL and applied successfully to the analyses of samples obtained from a bioequivalence study.
4.Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan in human plasma by LC-MS/MS method was described,which was proved to be economical and efficient.The method was found to be suitable for application to a bioequivalence study after oral administration of dispersible tablet containing 12.5mg hydrochlorothiazide and 80mg valsartan to 20 healthy volunteers.
1、基于液相色谱——离子阱质谱联用分析技术,建立了人血浆中阿奇霉素的浓度测定方法。血浆样品的前处理采取简单的甲醇直接沉淀的方法,血浆中杂质峰不干扰样品的测定。线性范围为4.69～600ng/mL,回收率为87.41～99.97%。该方法已成功的应用于20个健康志愿者口服500mg阿奇霉素分散片的生物等效性研究。
2、建立了一种快速灵敏的液相色谱——串联质谱联用检测人血浆中的曲克芦丁的方法,血浆样品的前处理采取高氯酸直接沉淀的方法,血浆中杂质峰不干扰样品的测定。由于曲克芦丁具有较强的极性,因此采用极性非常强的Fusion-RP柱进行色谱分离。定量下限为31.25pg/mL,日内、日间RSD均不大于12.28%,日内、日间RE在±12.8%之内。应用该法成功的测定了18个健康志愿者口服300mg曲克芦丁滴丸的生物等效性研究的血浆样品。
3、采用液相色谱——串联质谱联用技术进行了人血浆中的左炔诺孕酮的检测方法研究,血浆样品的前处理采取乙酸乙酯提取的方法。实验表明,左炔诺孕酮在弱极性的C_(18)柱具有非常强的保留;用乙腈作流动相能显著降低背景噪声。线性范围为0.625～40ng/mL,回收率为84.77～90.88%。该方法已成功的应用于20个健康女性志愿者口服1.5mg左炔诺孕酮片的生物等效性研究。
4、建立了口服给药后人血浆中的氢氯噻嗪和缬沙坦的快速液查色谱——串联质谱检测方法。采用同时检测,大大节约了成本,节省了时间。该方法准确、灵敏,已成功的应用于20个健康志愿者口服复方缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片的生物等效性研究。
Mass spectrometry(MS)could not only provide high sensitivity and reliable detection for various samples,but also offer much information about the structure and identity of analytes.Rapid analysis of complicated sample is always one of the goals of mass spectrometric scientists and an important development trendency of mass spectrometric technique.Based on its rapid,sensitive,accurate character and easy coupling with other analytical technique,the development of organic mass spectrometry shows the advantages in the widely applied area.In the present study, several applications were developed and validated for the determination of four different drug in human plasma by ion trap mass spectrometer or tri-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
1.Based on LC/MS technique,a simple and rapid method for the quantification of azithromycin in human plasma is developed.Herein a simple sample preparation method of protein precipitation with methanol was employed.The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range 4.69-600ng/mL and the recovery ranged from 87.41 to 99.97%for the analyte.This method was applied to a biocquivalence study after administration of 500mg azithromycin to 20 healthy voluntecrs.
2.A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of troxerutin in human plasma is developed and validated.Perchloric acid was employed for protein precipitation.Due to the high polarity,troxerutin could only achieve suitable retention on a Phenomenex Synergi Fusion RP column.The lower limit of quantification was 31.25pg/mL for the analyte,precision below 12.28%and relative error was not more than±12.8%.This method was applied to a bioequivalence study after an administra- tion of 300mg troxerutin to 18 healthy volunteers.
3.A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of levonorgestrel in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction(LLE)with ethyl acetate,was developed. It was found that levenorgestrel yielded strong retention on C_(18)column,and higher signal-to-noise ratio was observed using acetonitrile as the mobile phase than using methanol as the mobile phase.The proposed method was validated over the concentration range 0.625-40ng/mL and applied successfully to the analyses of samples obtained from a bioequivalence study.
4.Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and valsartan in human plasma by LC-MS/MS method was described,which was proved to be economical and efficient.The method was found to be suitable for application to a bioequivalence study after oral administration of dispersible tablet containing 12.5mg hydrochlorothiazide and 80mg valsartan to 20 healthy volunteers.
引文
[1]E.Goldstein,Bed.Ber.,1886,39,691.
[2]W.Wein,Wied.Ann.,1898,65,440.
[3]R.Conrad,Phys.Z,1930,31,888.
[4]薛松,有机结构分析,合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.
[5]陈耀祖,涂亚平,有机质谱原理及应用,北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]杨芃原,钱小红,盛龙生,生物质谱技术与方法,北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]A.G.Harrison,Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry,CRC,Boca Raton,1992.
[8]M.S.Munson,F.H.Field,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1966,88,2621.
[9]M.Barber,R.S.Bordoli,G.J.Elliott,R.D.Sedgwick,A.N.Tyler,J.Chem.Soc. Chem. Commun., 1981,325.
[10] C.M. Whitehouse, J.B. Fenn, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 675.
[11] M. Dole, J. Chem. Phys., 1968,49,2240.
[12] J.V. Iribarne, B.A. Thomson, Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 2287.
[13] B.A. Thomson, J.V. Iribarne, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71,4451.
[14] G. Schmelzeisen-Redecker, L. Buttering, F.W. Rollgen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc, 1989,90, 139.
[15] M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 2935.
[16] P.H. Dawson, Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Its Application, Elsevier, New York, 1976.
[17] R.E. March, R.J. Hughes, Quadrupole Strorage Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, New York, 1989.
[18] R.J. Cotter, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 1027A.
[19] A.G. Marshall, Anal. Chem., 1991, 63, 215A.
[20] K.B. Tomer, Chem. Rev., 2001,101, 297.
[21] J. Abian, J. Mass Spectrom., 1999,34, 157.
[22] M. Yamashita, J.B. Fenn, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88,4451.
[23] M.L. Aleksandrov, G.I. Barama, L.M. Gall, N.V. Krasnov, Y.S. Kusner, O.A. Irgorodskaya, V.I. Nikolaiev, V.A. Shkurov, Bioorg. Khim., 1985,11, 700.
[24] A.P. Bruins, Trends Anal. Chem., 1994,13, 81.
[25] E.C. Horning, M.G. Horning, D.I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R.N. Stillwell, Anal. Chem., 1973,45,936.
[26] T.R. Covey, E.D. Lee, A.P. Bruins, H.D. Henion, Anal. Chem., 1986, 58, 1451A.
[27] M. Sakairi and H. Kambara, Anal. Chem., 1988,60, 774.
[28] J.C. Severs, R.D. Smith, Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In R.B. Cole, ed. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. New York, Wiley, 1997, Chap. 10.
[29] J.A. Olivares, N.T. Nguyen, C.R. Yonker, R.D. Smith, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 1230.
[30] R.D. Smith, J.A. Olivares, N.T. Nguyen, H.R. Udseth, Anal. Chem., 1988, 60, 436.
[31] E.D. Lee, W. Muck, J.D. Henion, T.R. Covey, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 458, 313.
[32] T. Tsuda, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 521.
[33] S. Luedtke, K.K. Unger, Chimia, 1999,53,498.
[34] J.P. Quirino, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 856, 465.
[35] D.B. Gordon, G.A. Lord, D.S. Jones, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, 544.
[36] E.R. Verheij, U.R. Tjaden, W.M.A. Niessen, J. Van der Grcef, J. Chromatogr., 1991,554,339.
[37] M. Hugener, A.P. Tinke, W.M.A. Niessen, U.R. Tjaden, J. Van der Grecf, J. Chromatogr.. 1993, 647, 375.
[38] G.A. Lord, D.B. Gordon, L.W. Tetler, C.M. Carr, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 700, 27.
[39] K. Schmeer, B. Behnke, E. Bayer, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 3656.
[40] S.J. Lane, R. Boughtflower, C. Paterson, T. Underwood, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 9, 1283.
[41] S.J. Lane, M.G. Tucker, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1998,12, 947.
[42] A. Apffel, H. Yin, W.S. Hancock, D. McManigill, J. Frenz, S.L. Wu, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 832, 149.
[43] A. Mans, Y. Miyahara, J. Miura, Sens Actuators B, 1990,1, 244.
[44] D.J. Harrison, K. Fluri, K. Seiler, Science, 1993, 261, 895.
[45] D. Figeys, Y. Ning, R. Aebersold, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3153.
[46] Q.F. Xue, F. Foret, Y.M. Dunayevskiy, P.M. Zavracky, N.E. McGruer, B.L. Karger, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69,426.
[47] Q.F. Xue, Y.M. Dunayevskiy, F. Foret, B.L. Karger, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1997,11, 1253.
[48] J.J. Li, P. Thibault, N.H. Bings, C.D. Skinner, C. Wang. C.L. Colyer, D.J. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 3036.
[49] N.H. Bings, C Wang, C.D. Skinner, C.L. Colyer, P. Thibault, D.J. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 3292.
[50]J.J.Li,C.Wang,J.F.Kelly,Electrophoresis,2000,21,198.
[51]J.J.Li,J.F.Kelly,I.Chernushevich,D.J.Harrison,P.Thibault,Anal.Chem.,2000,72,599.
[52]R.L.Chien,D.S.Burgi,J.Chromatogr.,1991,559,141.
[53]R.L.Chien,D.S.Burgi,Anal.Chem.,1992,64,489A.
[54]L.Licklider,X.Q.Wang,A.Desai,Y.C.Tai,T.D.Lee,Anal.Chem.,2000,72,367.
[55]J.Wen,Y.H.Lin,F.Xiang,D.W.Matson,H.R.Udseth,R.D.Smith,Electrophoresis,2000,21,191.
[56]刘文英,药物分析,北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[57]何美玉,现代有机与生物质谱,北京:北京大学出版社,2002。
[58]朱华旭,丁林生,中成药,1999,21,313.
[59]夏云,李志明,朱丹妮,严永清,中国中药杂志,1998,23,230.
[60]林爱群,王建平,齐鲁药事,2004,23,30。
[61]M.S.Lee,E.H.Kems,Mass Spectrom.Rev.,1999,18,187.
[62]赵维民,杨一民,秦国伟,徐任生,天然产物研究与开发,1999,17,82.
[63]郭力,董晓萍,重庆中草药研究,1999,40,50.
[64]施超欧,陶萍,世界科学技术—中药现代化,2001,3,29.
[65]王义明,张思巨,罗国安,胡亚男,扈继萍,刘丽,朱瑛,王宏洁,药学学报,2000,35,839.
[66]徐智秀,肖红斌,王加宁,梁鑫淼,色谱,2000,18,521.
[67]裴渭静,赵新锋,胡震,赵文明,郑晓晖,分析化学,2005,33,505。
[68]S.Bajad,R.K.Khajuria,O.P.Suri,K.L.Bedi,Journal of Separation Science,2003,26,943.
[69]C.W.Huck,M.R.Buchmeiner,G.K.Bonn,J.Chromatogr.A,2001,943,33.
[70]J.L.Wolfender,M.Maillard,K.Hostettmann,Phytochem.Anal.,1994,5,153.
[71]Y.Y.Lin,K.J.Ng,S.J.Yang,J.Chromatogr.,1993,629,389.
[72]P.Pietta,R.M.Facino,M.Carini,P.Mauri,J.Chromatogr.A,1994,661,121.
[73]Y.W.Lee,R.D.Voyksner,T.W.Pack,C.E.Cook,Q.C.Fang,Y.Ito,Anal.Chem.,1990,62,244.
[74] J.L. Wolfender, M. Maillard, K. Hostettmann, J. Chromatogr., 1993,647, 183.
[75] P. Arpino, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 1990,9, 631.
[76] M.P. Maillard, K. Hostettmann, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 647, 137.
[77] Y.W. Lee, T.W. Pack, R.D. Voyksner, Q.C. Fang, Y. Ito, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1990,13,2389.
[78] R. Verpoorte, W.M.A. Niessen, Phytochem. Anal., 1994, 5, 217.
[79] S. Abdulrahman, M.E. Harrison, K.J. Welham, M.A. Baldwin, J.D. Phillipson, M.F. Roberts, J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl., 1991, 562, 713.
[80] W.M.A. Niessen, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003,1000,413.
[81] M. Bronstrup, Modern Mass Spectrometry, 2003, 225, 283.
[82] M.A. Strege, J. Chromatogr. B, 1999, 725, 67.
[83] L.C.E. Taylor, R.L. Johnson, R. Raso, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 6, 387.
[84] F.S. Pullcn, G.L. Kerkins, K.I. Burton, R.S. Ware, M.S. Teague, J.P. Kiplinger, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1995,6, 394.
[85] R.C. Spreen, L.M. Schaffter, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 414A.
[86] D.G. Schmid, P. Grosche, H. Bandel, G. Jung, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2000, 71, 149.
[87] B.L. Ackermann, T.A. Gillespie, B.T. Regg, K.F. Austin, J.E.. Coutant, J. Mass Spectrom., 1996,31,681.
[88] J.R. Gilbert, P. Lewer, Proceeding of 46~(th) ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics Orlando, Florida, 1998, p21.
[89] K.U. Bindseil, J. Jakupovic, D. Wolf, J. Lavayre, J. Leboul, D. van der Pyl, Drug Discov. Today, 2001, 6, 840.
[90] 王广基,刘晓东,柳晓泉,药物代谢动力学,北京：化学工业出版社,2005．
[91] T.V. Olah, D.A. McLoughlin, J.D. Gilbert, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1997,11, 17.
[92] R.A. Hamilton, W.R. Garnett, B.J. Kline, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1981, 29,408.
[93] L.E. Riad, K.K. Chan, R.J. Sawchuk, Pharm. Res., 1991, 8, 541.
[94] C.E.C.A. Hop, Z. Wang, Q. Chen, G. Kwei, J. Pharm. Sci., 1998, 87, 901.
[95]吴如金,体内药物分析,北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[96]姚彤炜,体内药物分析,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.
[97]张君仁,藏恒昌,体内药物分析,北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[98]李好枝,体内药物分析,北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003.
[99]蒋宏健,俞克佳译,电喷雾质谱应用技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[100]何华,倪坤仪,现代色谱分析,北京:化学工业出版社,2004。
[101]梁文权,生物药剂学与药物动力学,北京:人民卫生出版社,2004。
[102]H.G.Fouda,D.C.Hobbs,J.E.Stambaugh,J.Pharm.Sci.,1979,68,1456.
[103]F.C.Falkner,H.G.Fouda,F.G.Mullins,Biomed.Mass Spectrom.,1984,9,482.
[104]W.A.Garland,M.L.Powel,J.Chromatogr.Sci.,1981,19,392.
[105]H.G.Fouda,J.Lukaszewicz,D.Clark,B.Hulin,Xenobiotica,1991,21,925.
[106]R.J.Perchaiski,R.A.Yost,B.J.Wilder,Anal.Chem.,1982,54,1466.
[107]E.H.Kerns,R.A.Rourick,K.J.Volk,M.S.Lee,J.Chromatogr.B,1997,698,133.
[108]F.Lokiec,B.M.du Sorbier,G.J.Sanderink,Clin.Cancer Res.,1996,2,1943.
[109]M.E.R.Rosas,S.Patel,I.W.Wainer,J.Chromatogr.B,2003,794,99.
[110]M.E.R.Rosas,J.G.Medrano,D.H.Epstein,E.T.Moolchan,K.L.Preston,I.W.Wainer,J.Chromatogr.A,2005,1073,237.
[111]O.Beck,N.Stephanson,R.G.Morris,B.C.Sallustio,P.Hjemdahl,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,805,87.
[112]C.R.Lee,M.Hubert,C.N.Van Dau,D.Peter,A.M.Krstulovic,Analyst,2000,125,1255.
[113]S.Madani,W.N.Howald,R.F.Lawrence,D.D.Shen,J.Chromatogr.B,2000,741,145.
[114]M.Aravagiri,S.R.Marder,J.Mass Spectrom.,2000,35,718.
[115]苏炳华,新药临床试验统计分析进展,上海:上海文献出版社,2000.
[116]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[117]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drag Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[118]刘玉秀,洪立基,新药临床研究设计与统计分析,南京:南京大学出版社,1999.
[119]方积乾,陆盈,现代医学统计学,北京:北京人民卫生出版社,2002.
[120]朱赛楠,马林茂,中国临床药理学杂志,2003,19,388.
[121]N.M.Najib,N.Idkaidek,A.Adel,I.Admour,R.E.B.Astigarraga,G.De Nucci,S.M.Alam,R.Dham,Biopharm.Drug Dispos.,2003,24,315.
[122]谭力,杨丽莉,张昕,凌树森,中国临床蓟理学杂志,2000,16,43.
[123]H.T.Yang,Y.Feng,Y.W.Luan,J.Chromatogr.B,2003,785,369.
[124]徐婷娟,魏伟,徐维平,肖峰,汪庆童,吴成义,杨昭毅,中国新药杂志,2006,15,1206.
[125]K.V.Gowda,U.Mandai,P.S.Selvan,W.D.S.Solomon,A.Ghosh,A.K.Sarkar,A.Agarwal,T.N.Rao,T.K.Pal,J.Chromatogr.B,2007,858,13.
[126]张卫,肖继红,赵健嫦,许富强,华西医学杂志,2005,20,230.
[127]K.R.Rezende,I.M.Mundim,L.S.Teixeira,W.C.Souza,D.R.Ramos,C.R.F.Cardoso,I.C.Souza,M.Z.Gratao,K.B.Bellorio,J.Chromatogr.B,2007,850,59.
[128]温晓娜,焦建杰,张才丽,娄建石,天津医科大学学报,2002,8,42.
[129]F.Qiu,X.Y.Chen,X.Y.Li,D.F.Zhong,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,802,291.
[130]W.Ping,L.Yi-Zeng,C.Ben-Mei,Z.Neng,Y.Lun-Zhao,Y.Yan,Y.Zhi-Biao,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2007,43,1519.
[131]陈连剑,李婷,李成,广东微量元素科学,2003,10,21.
[132]Y.Hori,M.Fujisawa,K.Shimada,Y.Hirose,T.Yoshioka,Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2006,29,7.
[133]王萍,张全英,潘杰,江苏药学与临床研究,2004,12,1.
[134]H.Breton,M.Cociglio,F.Bressolle,H.Peyriere,J.P.Blayac,D.Hillairc-Buys,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,828,80.
[135]林宁,肖学成,饶泽萍,李元宏,丁广林,中国药房,2002,13,330.
[136]D.Tsikas,K.S.Tewes,F.M.Gutzki,E.Schwedhelm,J.Greipel,J.C.Frolich,J.Chromatogr.B,1998,709,79.
[137]钟明康,施孝金,张静华,王宏图,中国临床药学杂志,2000,9,286.
[138]R.V.S.Nirogi,V.N.Kandikere,M.Shukla,K.Mudigonda,S.Maurya,P.Komameni,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2006,20,3030.
[139]薛洪源,杨汉煜,胡玉钦,贾丽霞,中国医药工业杂志,2006,37,621.
[140]X.Y.Chen,J.Huang,Z.Kong,D.F.Zhong,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,817,263.
[141]何菊英,刘松青,夏培元,陈勇川,唐敏,戴青,熊丽蓉,中国药业,2006,15.7.
[142]K.H.Yoon,S.Y.Lee,W.Kim,J.S.Park,H.J.Kim,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,813,121.
[143]石晶,宋洪杰,李珍,范国荣,胡晋红,中国临床药学杂志,1999,8,287.
[144]S.D.Brown,C.A.White,M.G.Bartlett,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2002,16,1871.
[145]储继红,居文政,谈恒山,蒋萌,宗倩倩,中国药物与临床,2006,5,340.
[146]M.Motta,W.Ribeiro,D.R.Ifa,M.E.Moares,M.O.Moraes,A.P.Corrado,G.De Nucci,Acta Physiol.Pharmacol.Ther.Latinoam.,1999,49,233.
[147]任斌,何林,唐蕾,胡继承,李芚,蒋学华,中国医院药学杂志,2001,21,330.
[148]W.Y.Yang,A.J.Barnes,M.G.Ripple,D.R.Fowler,E.J.Cone,E.T.Moolchan,H.S.Chung,M.A.Huestis,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,833,210.
[149]杜小莉,朱珠,傅强,李大魁,许文兵,药学学报,2001,36,616.
[150]J.L.Zhang,Y.X.Xu,X.Di,M.T.Wu,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,831,328.
[151]胡玉荣,乔海灵,孙健,田鑫,贾琳静,张莉蓉,郭玉忠,郜娜,中国新药与临床杂志,2005,24,363.
[152]J.C.Huang,Y.Xu,F.Liu,S.Gao,Q.X.Guo,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2005,19,2321.
[153]李晓昕,赵俊,谭力,凌树森,江苏药学与临床研究,2003,11,6.
[154]H.Kanazawa,A.Okada,Y.Matsushima,H.Yokota,S.Okubo,F.Mashige,K.Nakahara,J.Chromatogr.A,2002,949,1.
[155]M.Jemal,Biomed.Chromatogr.,2000,14,422.
[156]M.Lehrer,Clin.Lab.Med.,1998,18,631.
[1]I.Kanfer,M.F.Skinner,R.B.Walker,J.Chromatogr.A,1998,812,255.
[2]金有豫,首都医药,2004,19,30.
[3]方东升,海峡医学,2005,17,35.
[4]郭辉霞,安徽医药,1999,3,22.
[5]袁天烁,现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14,2620.
[6]沈慧,沈策,国外医学呼吸系统分册,2005,25,818.
[7]姜立,郑恒,刘东,中国医院药学杂志,2005,25,930.
[8]N.J.Lalak,D.L.Morris,Clin.Pharmacokinet.,1993,25,370.
[9]P.Zubata,R.Ceresole,M.A.Rosasco,M.T.Pizzorno,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2002,27,833.
[10]R.M.Shepard,G.S.Duthu,R.A.Ferraina,M.A.Mullins,J.Chromatogr.-Biomed.Appl.,1991,565,321.
[11]F.Kees,S.Spangler,M.Wellenhofer,J.Chromatogr.A,1998,812,287.
[12]R.Gandhi,C.L.Kaul,R.Panchagnula,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2000,23,1073.
[13]C.Taninaka,H.Ohtani,E.Hanada,H.Kotaki,H.Sato,T.Iga,J.Chromatogr.B,2000,738,405.
[14]J.S.To(?)o,H.J.Guchelaar,J.Chromatogr.B,1998,720,89.
[15]B.G.Bahrami,S.Mirzaeei,A.Kiani,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,820,277.
[16]E.Wilms,H.Trumpie,W.Veenendaal,D.Touw,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,814,37.
[17]G.Bahrami,A.Mohammadi,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,830,355.
[18]H.G.Fouda,R.P.Schneider,Ther.Drug Monit.,1995,17,179.
[19]R.V.S.Nirogi,V.N.Kandikere,M.Shukla,K.Mudigonda,S.Maurya,R.Boosi,A.Yerramilli,Anal.Chim.Acta,2005,553,1.
[20]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[21]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005。
[22]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]唐精桥,袁佩瑾,刘炜,中国医药工业杂志,1996,27,291.
[2]陈文梅,金鸣,吴伟,李金荣,臧宝霞,朴永哲,中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22.283.
[3]G.Belcaro,B.M.Errichi,G.Laurora,M.R.Cesarone,C.Candiani,Vasa-Journal of Vascular Diseases,1989,18,227.
[4]D.Rehn,G.Golden,W.Nocker,W.Diebschlag,W.Lehmacher,Arzneimittelforschung,1993,43,1060.
[5]M.R.Boisseau,A.Taccoen,C.Garreau,C.Vergnes,M.F.Roudaut,B.Garreaugomez,J.Cardiovasc.Surg.,1995,36,369.
[16]F.Vin,A.Chabanel,A.Taccoen,J.Ducros,J.Gruffaz,B.Hutinel,P.Maillet,M.Samama,Arteres et.Veines,1992,11,333.
[7]F.Vin,A.Chabanel,A.Taccoen,J.Ducros,J.Gruffaz,B.Hutinel,P.Maillet,M.Samama,Phlebology,1994,9,71.
[8]L.Incandela,M.T.De Sanctis,M.R.Cesarone,G.Laurora,G.Belcaro,A.Taccoen,I.Gerentes,Adv.Ther.,1996,13,161.
[9]M.Boisseau,G.Freyburger,C.Beylot,M.Busquet,Arteries et.Veins,1986,5,231.
[10]A.N.Wadworth,D.Faulds,Drugs,1992,44,1013.
[11]A.Auteri,P.Blardi,C.Frigerio,L.de Lillo,T.di Perri,Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Res.,1990,10,235.
[12]A.Glacet-Bemard,G.Coscas,A.Chabanel,A.Zourdani,F.Lelong,M.M.Samama,Am.J.Ophthalmol.,1994,115.421.
[13]K.Krupinski,J.Giedrojc,M.Bielawiec,Pol.J.Pharmacol.,1996,48,335.
[14]M.Gueguen-Duchesne,F.Durand,M.C.Le Goff,B.Genetet,Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.,1988,280,401.
[15]王迎军,舒红梅,刘寿兰,王学华,山东医药,2003,43,31.
[16]张敏,孙建茹,游芳,陈春锦,韩丹,蔡霞,微循环学杂志,2005,15,52.
[17]韩来祯,中原医刊,2004,31,42.
[18]马英杰,药物流行病学杂志,2000,9,209.
[19]刘安祥,顾以华,药学实践杂志,2001,19,189.
[20]周建设,沈利君,医药导报,2003,22,123.
[21]孙洪,杨晓斌,淮海医药,2005,23,283.
[22]曹芳,中国药师,2000,3,49.
[23]钟桂芳,齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2004,25,1267.
[24]刘同华,卢来春,中国药房,2004,15,365.
[25]张辉,周静,杨俊毅,兰轲,陈卓,华西药学杂志,2004,19,439.
[26]周春兰,黑龙江医药科学,2004,27,35.
[27]H.Z.Guo,L.L.Wang,K.S.Bi,Y.Q.Sun,J.Liq.Chromatogr.Relat.Technol.,2005,28,647.
[28]P.Dittrieh,J.Ostrowski,E.Beubler,Arzneimittelforschung,1985,35,765.
[29]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[30]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[31]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]张秀花,冷玉萍,时静,高桂香,许以兰,孙海霞,中国计划生育学杂志,1999,52,375.
[2]林丽玲,海峡药学,2004,16,123.
[3]王今锦,刘博,王德静,鲁兵,中国妇幼保健,2006,21,2842.
[4]虞明达,安徽医药,2003,7,325.
[5]L.Devoto,A.Fuentes,A.Palomino,A.Espinoza,P.Kohen,S.Ranta,H.von Hertzen,Fertil.Steril.,2005,84,46.
[6]I.A.Okewole,A.O.Arowojolu,Int.J.Gynecol.Obstet.,2005,89,57.
[7]E.Johansson,V.Brache,F.Alvarez,A.Faundes,L.Cochon,S.Ranta,M.Lovern,N.Kumar,Hum.Reprod.,2002,17,1472.
[8]S.Kives,P.M.Hahn,E.White,F.Z.Stanczyk,R.L.Reid,Contraception,2005,71,197.
[9]K.Kook,H.Gabelnick,G.Duncan,Contraception,2002,66,73.
[10]N.C.Sambol,C.C.Harper,L.Kim,C.Y.Liu,P.Damey,T.R.Raine,Contraception,2006,74,104.
[11]张莉嘉,翁犁驹,中华妇产科杂志,2001,36,675。
[12]李亚玲,李俊,中国新药杂志,2003,12,226.
[13]M.Galmarini-Trapp,C.Maffia-Luppani,G.Suzukawa,F.Stanczyk,R.Horton,J.Soares,Clin.Chem.,1999,45,A84.
[14]J.J.Berzas,J.Rodriguez,G.Castaneda,Analyst,1997,122,41.
[15]J.J.B.Nevado,J.R.Flores,G.C.Penalvo,Anal.Chim.Acta,1997,340,257.
[16]M.M.Ghoneim,W.Baumann,E.Hammam,A.Tawfik,Talanta,2004,64,857.
[17]A.R.Fakhari,A.R.Khorrami,M.Shamsipur,Anal.Chim.Acta,2006,572,237.
[18]M.Khakpour,A.Jamshidi,A.A.Entezami,H.Mirzadeh,JPC-J.Planar Chromatogr.-Mod.TLC,2005,18,326.
[19]Q.G.Wang,Z.P.Wu,Y.M.Wang,G.Luo,E.R.Wu,X.F.Gao,G.Li,Anal.Lett.,2001,34,103.
[20]H.B.Theron,C.Coetzee,F.C.W.Sutherland,J.L.Wiesner,K.J.Swart,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,813,331.
[21]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[22]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[23]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]张跃伟,实用医技杂志,2007,14,3820.
[2]赫建光,李健,邯郸医学高等专科学校学报,2006,19,475.
[3]何齐玉,现代中西医结合杂志,2006,15,815.
[4]张江武,沈有权,黄美苑,林凯平,现代医院,2006,6,31.
[5]杜学海,中老年保健,2001,3,7.
[6]俞娉,林玎,李利,心脑血管病防治,2006,6,372.
[7]余振球,中国社区医师,2007,23,16.
[8]A.Vonaparti,M.Kazanis,I.Panderi,J.Mass Spectrom.,2006,41,593.
[9]K.H.Rahn,Clin.Exp.Hypertens.A.,1983,5,157.
[10] R.B. Patel, U.R. Patel, M.C. Rogge, V.P. Shah, V.K. Prasad, A. Selen, P.G. Welling, J. Pharm. Sci., 1984, 73, 359.
[11] N.V.S. Ramakrishna, K.N. Vishwottam, S. Manoj, M. Koteshwara, S. Wishu, D.P. Varma, Biomed. Chromatogr., 2005,19, 751.
[12] K. Wellington, D.M. Faulds, Drugs, 2002,62, 1983.
[13] M.J. Crespo, W.C. De Mello, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 420, 133.
[14] I.E. Chazova, L.G. Ratova, V.V. Dmitriev, V.E. Sinitsin, O.V. Stukalova, Kardiologiya, 2003, 43, 60.
[15] B. Martina, T. Dieterle, M. Weinbacher, E. Battegay, Cardiology, 1999, 92, 110.
[16] S.J. Middlemost, R. Tager, J. Davis, P. Sareli, Am. J. Cardiol., 1994, 73, 1092.
[17] T.M. Huang, Z. He, B. Yang, L.P. Shao, X.W. Zheng, G.L. Duan, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2006, 41, 644.
[18] N.B. Mistry, A.S. Westheim, S.E. Kjeldsen, Expert Opin. Pharmacothcr., 2006. 7, 575.
[19] H.Y. Yang, P.F. Kao, T.H. Chen, B. Tomlinson, W.C. Ko, P. Chan, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2007, 47, 397.
[20] J.L. Pool, R. Glazer, M. Weinberger, R. Alvarado, J. Huang, A. Graff, Clin. Ther., 2007,29,61.
[21] A.J. Wagstaff, Drugs, 2006, 66,1881.
[22] B.S. Kuo, A. Mandagere, D.R. Osborne, K.K. Hwang, Pharm. Res., 1990, 7, 1257.
[23] C.T. Azumaya, J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl., 1990, 532, 168.
[24] R.B. Miller, C. Amestoy, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1992,10, 541.
[25] I. Niopas, A.C. Daftsios, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 2002, 25, 487.
[26] K. Richter, R. Oertel, W. Kirch, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 729, 293.
[27] D. Farthing, I. Fakhry, E.B.D. Ripley, D. Sica, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1998,17, 1455.
[28] A. Medvedovici, C. Mircioiu, V. David, D.S. Miron, Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet., 2000, 25, 91.
[29] D. Zendelovska, T. Stafilov, P. Milosevski, Biomed. Chromatogr., 2004,18, 71.
[30] S. Tatar, S. Saglik, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002,30, 371.
[31] B. Kocyigit-Kaymakcoglu, S. Unsalan, S. Rollas, Pharmazie, 2006, 61, 586.
[32] G. Iriarte, N. Ferreiros, I. Ibarrondo, R.M. Alonso, M.I. Maguregi, L. Gonzalez, R.M. Jimenez, J. Sep. Sci., 2006, 29, 2265.
[33]J.Macek,J.Klima,P.Ptacek,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,832,169.
[34]E.Satana,S.Altinay,N.G.Goger,S.A.Ozkan,Z.Senturk,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2001,25,1009.
[35]G.Caducci,V.Di Carlo,P.Mazzeo,Anal.Lett.,2000,33,2491.
[36]E.Dinc,B.Uslu,S.A.Ozkan,Anal.Lett.,2004,37,679.
[37]N.Erk,Anal.Lett.,2002,35,283.
[38]F.Liu,Y.Xu,S.Gao,J.D.Zhang,Q.X.Guo,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2007,44,1187.
[39]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[40]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[41]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[2]W.Wein,Wied.Ann.,1898,65,440.
[3]R.Conrad,Phys.Z,1930,31,888.
[4]薛松,有机结构分析,合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.
[5]陈耀祖,涂亚平,有机质谱原理及应用,北京:科学出版社,2001.
[6]杨芃原,钱小红,盛龙生,生物质谱技术与方法,北京:科学出版社,2003.
[7]A.G.Harrison,Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry,CRC,Boca Raton,1992.
[8]M.S.Munson,F.H.Field,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1966,88,2621.
[9]M.Barber,R.S.Bordoli,G.J.Elliott,R.D.Sedgwick,A.N.Tyler,J.Chem.Soc. Chem. Commun., 1981,325.
[10] C.M. Whitehouse, J.B. Fenn, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 675.
[11] M. Dole, J. Chem. Phys., 1968,49,2240.
[12] J.V. Iribarne, B.A. Thomson, Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 2287.
[13] B.A. Thomson, J.V. Iribarne, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 71,4451.
[14] G. Schmelzeisen-Redecker, L. Buttering, F.W. Rollgen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc, 1989,90, 139.
[15] M. Karas, F. Hillenkamp, Anal. Chem., 1985, 57, 2935.
[16] P.H. Dawson, Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Its Application, Elsevier, New York, 1976.
[17] R.E. March, R.J. Hughes, Quadrupole Strorage Mass Spectrometry, Wiley, New York, 1989.
[18] R.J. Cotter, Anal. Chem., 1992, 64, 1027A.
[19] A.G. Marshall, Anal. Chem., 1991, 63, 215A.
[20] K.B. Tomer, Chem. Rev., 2001,101, 297.
[21] J. Abian, J. Mass Spectrom., 1999,34, 157.
[22] M. Yamashita, J.B. Fenn, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88,4451.
[23] M.L. Aleksandrov, G.I. Barama, L.M. Gall, N.V. Krasnov, Y.S. Kusner, O.A. Irgorodskaya, V.I. Nikolaiev, V.A. Shkurov, Bioorg. Khim., 1985,11, 700.
[24] A.P. Bruins, Trends Anal. Chem., 1994,13, 81.
[25] E.C. Horning, M.G. Horning, D.I. Carroll, I. Dzidic, R.N. Stillwell, Anal. Chem., 1973,45,936.
[26] T.R. Covey, E.D. Lee, A.P. Bruins, H.D. Henion, Anal. Chem., 1986, 58, 1451A.
[27] M. Sakairi and H. Kambara, Anal. Chem., 1988,60, 774.
[28] J.C. Severs, R.D. Smith, Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In R.B. Cole, ed. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. New York, Wiley, 1997, Chap. 10.
[29] J.A. Olivares, N.T. Nguyen, C.R. Yonker, R.D. Smith, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 1230.
[30] R.D. Smith, J.A. Olivares, N.T. Nguyen, H.R. Udseth, Anal. Chem., 1988, 60, 436.
[31] E.D. Lee, W. Muck, J.D. Henion, T.R. Covey, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 458, 313.
[32] T. Tsuda, Anal. Chem., 1987, 59, 521.
[33] S. Luedtke, K.K. Unger, Chimia, 1999,53,498.
[34] J.P. Quirino, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 856, 465.
[35] D.B. Gordon, G.A. Lord, D.S. Jones, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1994, 8, 544.
[36] E.R. Verheij, U.R. Tjaden, W.M.A. Niessen, J. Van der Grcef, J. Chromatogr., 1991,554,339.
[37] M. Hugener, A.P. Tinke, W.M.A. Niessen, U.R. Tjaden, J. Van der Grecf, J. Chromatogr.. 1993, 647, 375.
[38] G.A. Lord, D.B. Gordon, L.W. Tetler, C.M. Carr, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 700, 27.
[39] K. Schmeer, B. Behnke, E. Bayer, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 3656.
[40] S.J. Lane, R. Boughtflower, C. Paterson, T. Underwood, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 9, 1283.
[41] S.J. Lane, M.G. Tucker, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1998,12, 947.
[42] A. Apffel, H. Yin, W.S. Hancock, D. McManigill, J. Frenz, S.L. Wu, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 832, 149.
[43] A. Mans, Y. Miyahara, J. Miura, Sens Actuators B, 1990,1, 244.
[44] D.J. Harrison, K. Fluri, K. Seiler, Science, 1993, 261, 895.
[45] D. Figeys, Y. Ning, R. Aebersold, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3153.
[46] Q.F. Xue, F. Foret, Y.M. Dunayevskiy, P.M. Zavracky, N.E. McGruer, B.L. Karger, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69,426.
[47] Q.F. Xue, Y.M. Dunayevskiy, F. Foret, B.L. Karger, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1997,11, 1253.
[48] J.J. Li, P. Thibault, N.H. Bings, C.D. Skinner, C. Wang. C.L. Colyer, D.J. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 3036.
[49] N.H. Bings, C Wang, C.D. Skinner, C.L. Colyer, P. Thibault, D.J. Harrison, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 3292.
[50]J.J.Li,C.Wang,J.F.Kelly,Electrophoresis,2000,21,198.
[51]J.J.Li,J.F.Kelly,I.Chernushevich,D.J.Harrison,P.Thibault,Anal.Chem.,2000,72,599.
[52]R.L.Chien,D.S.Burgi,J.Chromatogr.,1991,559,141.
[53]R.L.Chien,D.S.Burgi,Anal.Chem.,1992,64,489A.
[54]L.Licklider,X.Q.Wang,A.Desai,Y.C.Tai,T.D.Lee,Anal.Chem.,2000,72,367.
[55]J.Wen,Y.H.Lin,F.Xiang,D.W.Matson,H.R.Udseth,R.D.Smith,Electrophoresis,2000,21,191.
[56]刘文英,药物分析,北京:人民卫生出版社,2004.
[57]何美玉,现代有机与生物质谱,北京:北京大学出版社,2002。
[58]朱华旭,丁林生,中成药,1999,21,313.
[59]夏云,李志明,朱丹妮,严永清,中国中药杂志,1998,23,230.
[60]林爱群,王建平,齐鲁药事,2004,23,30。
[61]M.S.Lee,E.H.Kems,Mass Spectrom.Rev.,1999,18,187.
[62]赵维民,杨一民,秦国伟,徐任生,天然产物研究与开发,1999,17,82.
[63]郭力,董晓萍,重庆中草药研究,1999,40,50.
[64]施超欧,陶萍,世界科学技术—中药现代化,2001,3,29.
[65]王义明,张思巨,罗国安,胡亚男,扈继萍,刘丽,朱瑛,王宏洁,药学学报,2000,35,839.
[66]徐智秀,肖红斌,王加宁,梁鑫淼,色谱,2000,18,521.
[67]裴渭静,赵新锋,胡震,赵文明,郑晓晖,分析化学,2005,33,505。
[68]S.Bajad,R.K.Khajuria,O.P.Suri,K.L.Bedi,Journal of Separation Science,2003,26,943.
[69]C.W.Huck,M.R.Buchmeiner,G.K.Bonn,J.Chromatogr.A,2001,943,33.
[70]J.L.Wolfender,M.Maillard,K.Hostettmann,Phytochem.Anal.,1994,5,153.
[71]Y.Y.Lin,K.J.Ng,S.J.Yang,J.Chromatogr.,1993,629,389.
[72]P.Pietta,R.M.Facino,M.Carini,P.Mauri,J.Chromatogr.A,1994,661,121.
[73]Y.W.Lee,R.D.Voyksner,T.W.Pack,C.E.Cook,Q.C.Fang,Y.Ito,Anal.Chem.,1990,62,244.
[74] J.L. Wolfender, M. Maillard, K. Hostettmann, J. Chromatogr., 1993,647, 183.
[75] P. Arpino, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 1990,9, 631.
[76] M.P. Maillard, K. Hostettmann, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 647, 137.
[77] Y.W. Lee, T.W. Pack, R.D. Voyksner, Q.C. Fang, Y. Ito, J. Liq. Chromatogr., 1990,13,2389.
[78] R. Verpoorte, W.M.A. Niessen, Phytochem. Anal., 1994, 5, 217.
[79] S. Abdulrahman, M.E. Harrison, K.J. Welham, M.A. Baldwin, J.D. Phillipson, M.F. Roberts, J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl., 1991, 562, 713.
[80] W.M.A. Niessen, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003,1000,413.
[81] M. Bronstrup, Modern Mass Spectrometry, 2003, 225, 283.
[82] M.A. Strege, J. Chromatogr. B, 1999, 725, 67.
[83] L.C.E. Taylor, R.L. Johnson, R. Raso, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 6, 387.
[84] F.S. Pullcn, G.L. Kerkins, K.I. Burton, R.S. Ware, M.S. Teague, J.P. Kiplinger, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1995,6, 394.
[85] R.C. Spreen, L.M. Schaffter, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 414A.
[86] D.G. Schmid, P. Grosche, H. Bandel, G. Jung, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2000, 71, 149.
[87] B.L. Ackermann, T.A. Gillespie, B.T. Regg, K.F. Austin, J.E.. Coutant, J. Mass Spectrom., 1996,31,681.
[88] J.R. Gilbert, P. Lewer, Proceeding of 46~(th) ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics Orlando, Florida, 1998, p21.
[89] K.U. Bindseil, J. Jakupovic, D. Wolf, J. Lavayre, J. Leboul, D. van der Pyl, Drug Discov. Today, 2001, 6, 840.
[90] 王广基,刘晓东,柳晓泉,药物代谢动力学,北京：化学工业出版社,2005．
[91] T.V. Olah, D.A. McLoughlin, J.D. Gilbert, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1997,11, 17.
[92] R.A. Hamilton, W.R. Garnett, B.J. Kline, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1981, 29,408.
[93] L.E. Riad, K.K. Chan, R.J. Sawchuk, Pharm. Res., 1991, 8, 541.
[94] C.E.C.A. Hop, Z. Wang, Q. Chen, G. Kwei, J. Pharm. Sci., 1998, 87, 901.
[95]吴如金,体内药物分析,北京:人民卫生出版社,1984.
[96]姚彤炜,体内药物分析,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.
[97]张君仁,藏恒昌,体内药物分析,北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[98]李好枝,体内药物分析,北京:中国医药科技出版社,2003.
[99]蒋宏健,俞克佳译,电喷雾质谱应用技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[100]何华,倪坤仪,现代色谱分析,北京:化学工业出版社,2004。
[101]梁文权,生物药剂学与药物动力学,北京:人民卫生出版社,2004。
[102]H.G.Fouda,D.C.Hobbs,J.E.Stambaugh,J.Pharm.Sci.,1979,68,1456.
[103]F.C.Falkner,H.G.Fouda,F.G.Mullins,Biomed.Mass Spectrom.,1984,9,482.
[104]W.A.Garland,M.L.Powel,J.Chromatogr.Sci.,1981,19,392.
[105]H.G.Fouda,J.Lukaszewicz,D.Clark,B.Hulin,Xenobiotica,1991,21,925.
[106]R.J.Perchaiski,R.A.Yost,B.J.Wilder,Anal.Chem.,1982,54,1466.
[107]E.H.Kerns,R.A.Rourick,K.J.Volk,M.S.Lee,J.Chromatogr.B,1997,698,133.
[108]F.Lokiec,B.M.du Sorbier,G.J.Sanderink,Clin.Cancer Res.,1996,2,1943.
[109]M.E.R.Rosas,S.Patel,I.W.Wainer,J.Chromatogr.B,2003,794,99.
[110]M.E.R.Rosas,J.G.Medrano,D.H.Epstein,E.T.Moolchan,K.L.Preston,I.W.Wainer,J.Chromatogr.A,2005,1073,237.
[111]O.Beck,N.Stephanson,R.G.Morris,B.C.Sallustio,P.Hjemdahl,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,805,87.
[112]C.R.Lee,M.Hubert,C.N.Van Dau,D.Peter,A.M.Krstulovic,Analyst,2000,125,1255.
[113]S.Madani,W.N.Howald,R.F.Lawrence,D.D.Shen,J.Chromatogr.B,2000,741,145.
[114]M.Aravagiri,S.R.Marder,J.Mass Spectrom.,2000,35,718.
[115]苏炳华,新药临床试验统计分析进展,上海:上海文献出版社,2000.
[116]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[117]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drag Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[118]刘玉秀,洪立基,新药临床研究设计与统计分析,南京:南京大学出版社,1999.
[119]方积乾,陆盈,现代医学统计学,北京:北京人民卫生出版社,2002.
[120]朱赛楠,马林茂,中国临床药理学杂志,2003,19,388.
[121]N.M.Najib,N.Idkaidek,A.Adel,I.Admour,R.E.B.Astigarraga,G.De Nucci,S.M.Alam,R.Dham,Biopharm.Drug Dispos.,2003,24,315.
[122]谭力,杨丽莉,张昕,凌树森,中国临床蓟理学杂志,2000,16,43.
[123]H.T.Yang,Y.Feng,Y.W.Luan,J.Chromatogr.B,2003,785,369.
[124]徐婷娟,魏伟,徐维平,肖峰,汪庆童,吴成义,杨昭毅,中国新药杂志,2006,15,1206.
[125]K.V.Gowda,U.Mandai,P.S.Selvan,W.D.S.Solomon,A.Ghosh,A.K.Sarkar,A.Agarwal,T.N.Rao,T.K.Pal,J.Chromatogr.B,2007,858,13.
[126]张卫,肖继红,赵健嫦,许富强,华西医学杂志,2005,20,230.
[127]K.R.Rezende,I.M.Mundim,L.S.Teixeira,W.C.Souza,D.R.Ramos,C.R.F.Cardoso,I.C.Souza,M.Z.Gratao,K.B.Bellorio,J.Chromatogr.B,2007,850,59.
[128]温晓娜,焦建杰,张才丽,娄建石,天津医科大学学报,2002,8,42.
[129]F.Qiu,X.Y.Chen,X.Y.Li,D.F.Zhong,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,802,291.
[130]W.Ping,L.Yi-Zeng,C.Ben-Mei,Z.Neng,Y.Lun-Zhao,Y.Yan,Y.Zhi-Biao,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2007,43,1519.
[131]陈连剑,李婷,李成,广东微量元素科学,2003,10,21.
[132]Y.Hori,M.Fujisawa,K.Shimada,Y.Hirose,T.Yoshioka,Biol.Pharm.Bull.,2006,29,7.
[133]王萍,张全英,潘杰,江苏药学与临床研究,2004,12,1.
[134]H.Breton,M.Cociglio,F.Bressolle,H.Peyriere,J.P.Blayac,D.Hillairc-Buys,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,828,80.
[135]林宁,肖学成,饶泽萍,李元宏,丁广林,中国药房,2002,13,330.
[136]D.Tsikas,K.S.Tewes,F.M.Gutzki,E.Schwedhelm,J.Greipel,J.C.Frolich,J.Chromatogr.B,1998,709,79.
[137]钟明康,施孝金,张静华,王宏图,中国临床药学杂志,2000,9,286.
[138]R.V.S.Nirogi,V.N.Kandikere,M.Shukla,K.Mudigonda,S.Maurya,P.Komameni,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2006,20,3030.
[139]薛洪源,杨汉煜,胡玉钦,贾丽霞,中国医药工业杂志,2006,37,621.
[140]X.Y.Chen,J.Huang,Z.Kong,D.F.Zhong,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,817,263.
[141]何菊英,刘松青,夏培元,陈勇川,唐敏,戴青,熊丽蓉,中国药业,2006,15.7.
[142]K.H.Yoon,S.Y.Lee,W.Kim,J.S.Park,H.J.Kim,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,813,121.
[143]石晶,宋洪杰,李珍,范国荣,胡晋红,中国临床药学杂志,1999,8,287.
[144]S.D.Brown,C.A.White,M.G.Bartlett,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2002,16,1871.
[145]储继红,居文政,谈恒山,蒋萌,宗倩倩,中国药物与临床,2006,5,340.
[146]M.Motta,W.Ribeiro,D.R.Ifa,M.E.Moares,M.O.Moraes,A.P.Corrado,G.De Nucci,Acta Physiol.Pharmacol.Ther.Latinoam.,1999,49,233.
[147]任斌,何林,唐蕾,胡继承,李芚,蒋学华,中国医院药学杂志,2001,21,330.
[148]W.Y.Yang,A.J.Barnes,M.G.Ripple,D.R.Fowler,E.J.Cone,E.T.Moolchan,H.S.Chung,M.A.Huestis,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,833,210.
[149]杜小莉,朱珠,傅强,李大魁,许文兵,药学学报,2001,36,616.
[150]J.L.Zhang,Y.X.Xu,X.Di,M.T.Wu,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,831,328.
[151]胡玉荣,乔海灵,孙健,田鑫,贾琳静,张莉蓉,郭玉忠,郜娜,中国新药与临床杂志,2005,24,363.
[152]J.C.Huang,Y.Xu,F.Liu,S.Gao,Q.X.Guo,Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom.,2005,19,2321.
[153]李晓昕,赵俊,谭力,凌树森,江苏药学与临床研究,2003,11,6.
[154]H.Kanazawa,A.Okada,Y.Matsushima,H.Yokota,S.Okubo,F.Mashige,K.Nakahara,J.Chromatogr.A,2002,949,1.
[155]M.Jemal,Biomed.Chromatogr.,2000,14,422.
[156]M.Lehrer,Clin.Lab.Med.,1998,18,631.
[1]I.Kanfer,M.F.Skinner,R.B.Walker,J.Chromatogr.A,1998,812,255.
[2]金有豫,首都医药,2004,19,30.
[3]方东升,海峡医学,2005,17,35.
[4]郭辉霞,安徽医药,1999,3,22.
[5]袁天烁,现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14,2620.
[6]沈慧,沈策,国外医学呼吸系统分册,2005,25,818.
[7]姜立,郑恒,刘东,中国医院药学杂志,2005,25,930.
[8]N.J.Lalak,D.L.Morris,Clin.Pharmacokinet.,1993,25,370.
[9]P.Zubata,R.Ceresole,M.A.Rosasco,M.T.Pizzorno,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2002,27,833.
[10]R.M.Shepard,G.S.Duthu,R.A.Ferraina,M.A.Mullins,J.Chromatogr.-Biomed.Appl.,1991,565,321.
[11]F.Kees,S.Spangler,M.Wellenhofer,J.Chromatogr.A,1998,812,287.
[12]R.Gandhi,C.L.Kaul,R.Panchagnula,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2000,23,1073.
[13]C.Taninaka,H.Ohtani,E.Hanada,H.Kotaki,H.Sato,T.Iga,J.Chromatogr.B,2000,738,405.
[14]J.S.To(?)o,H.J.Guchelaar,J.Chromatogr.B,1998,720,89.
[15]B.G.Bahrami,S.Mirzaeei,A.Kiani,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,820,277.
[16]E.Wilms,H.Trumpie,W.Veenendaal,D.Touw,J.Chromatogr.B,2005,814,37.
[17]G.Bahrami,A.Mohammadi,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,830,355.
[18]H.G.Fouda,R.P.Schneider,Ther.Drug Monit.,1995,17,179.
[19]R.V.S.Nirogi,V.N.Kandikere,M.Shukla,K.Mudigonda,S.Maurya,R.Boosi,A.Yerramilli,Anal.Chim.Acta,2005,553,1.
[20]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[21]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005。
[22]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]唐精桥,袁佩瑾,刘炜,中国医药工业杂志,1996,27,291.
[2]陈文梅,金鸣,吴伟,李金荣,臧宝霞,朴永哲,中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22.283.
[3]G.Belcaro,B.M.Errichi,G.Laurora,M.R.Cesarone,C.Candiani,Vasa-Journal of Vascular Diseases,1989,18,227.
[4]D.Rehn,G.Golden,W.Nocker,W.Diebschlag,W.Lehmacher,Arzneimittelforschung,1993,43,1060.
[5]M.R.Boisseau,A.Taccoen,C.Garreau,C.Vergnes,M.F.Roudaut,B.Garreaugomez,J.Cardiovasc.Surg.,1995,36,369.
[16]F.Vin,A.Chabanel,A.Taccoen,J.Ducros,J.Gruffaz,B.Hutinel,P.Maillet,M.Samama,Arteres et.Veines,1992,11,333.
[7]F.Vin,A.Chabanel,A.Taccoen,J.Ducros,J.Gruffaz,B.Hutinel,P.Maillet,M.Samama,Phlebology,1994,9,71.
[8]L.Incandela,M.T.De Sanctis,M.R.Cesarone,G.Laurora,G.Belcaro,A.Taccoen,I.Gerentes,Adv.Ther.,1996,13,161.
[9]M.Boisseau,G.Freyburger,C.Beylot,M.Busquet,Arteries et.Veins,1986,5,231.
[10]A.N.Wadworth,D.Faulds,Drugs,1992,44,1013.
[11]A.Auteri,P.Blardi,C.Frigerio,L.de Lillo,T.di Perri,Int.J.Clin.Pharmacol.Res.,1990,10,235.
[12]A.Glacet-Bemard,G.Coscas,A.Chabanel,A.Zourdani,F.Lelong,M.M.Samama,Am.J.Ophthalmol.,1994,115.421.
[13]K.Krupinski,J.Giedrojc,M.Bielawiec,Pol.J.Pharmacol.,1996,48,335.
[14]M.Gueguen-Duchesne,F.Durand,M.C.Le Goff,B.Genetet,Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.,1988,280,401.
[15]王迎军,舒红梅,刘寿兰,王学华,山东医药,2003,43,31.
[16]张敏,孙建茹,游芳,陈春锦,韩丹,蔡霞,微循环学杂志,2005,15,52.
[17]韩来祯,中原医刊,2004,31,42.
[18]马英杰,药物流行病学杂志,2000,9,209.
[19]刘安祥,顾以华,药学实践杂志,2001,19,189.
[20]周建设,沈利君,医药导报,2003,22,123.
[21]孙洪,杨晓斌,淮海医药,2005,23,283.
[22]曹芳,中国药师,2000,3,49.
[23]钟桂芳,齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2004,25,1267.
[24]刘同华,卢来春,中国药房,2004,15,365.
[25]张辉,周静,杨俊毅,兰轲,陈卓,华西药学杂志,2004,19,439.
[26]周春兰,黑龙江医药科学,2004,27,35.
[27]H.Z.Guo,L.L.Wang,K.S.Bi,Y.Q.Sun,J.Liq.Chromatogr.Relat.Technol.,2005,28,647.
[28]P.Dittrieh,J.Ostrowski,E.Beubler,Arzneimittelforschung,1985,35,765.
[29]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[30]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[31]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]张秀花,冷玉萍,时静,高桂香,许以兰,孙海霞,中国计划生育学杂志,1999,52,375.
[2]林丽玲,海峡药学,2004,16,123.
[3]王今锦,刘博,王德静,鲁兵,中国妇幼保健,2006,21,2842.
[4]虞明达,安徽医药,2003,7,325.
[5]L.Devoto,A.Fuentes,A.Palomino,A.Espinoza,P.Kohen,S.Ranta,H.von Hertzen,Fertil.Steril.,2005,84,46.
[6]I.A.Okewole,A.O.Arowojolu,Int.J.Gynecol.Obstet.,2005,89,57.
[7]E.Johansson,V.Brache,F.Alvarez,A.Faundes,L.Cochon,S.Ranta,M.Lovern,N.Kumar,Hum.Reprod.,2002,17,1472.
[8]S.Kives,P.M.Hahn,E.White,F.Z.Stanczyk,R.L.Reid,Contraception,2005,71,197.
[9]K.Kook,H.Gabelnick,G.Duncan,Contraception,2002,66,73.
[10]N.C.Sambol,C.C.Harper,L.Kim,C.Y.Liu,P.Damey,T.R.Raine,Contraception,2006,74,104.
[11]张莉嘉,翁犁驹,中华妇产科杂志,2001,36,675。
[12]李亚玲,李俊,中国新药杂志,2003,12,226.
[13]M.Galmarini-Trapp,C.Maffia-Luppani,G.Suzukawa,F.Stanczyk,R.Horton,J.Soares,Clin.Chem.,1999,45,A84.
[14]J.J.Berzas,J.Rodriguez,G.Castaneda,Analyst,1997,122,41.
[15]J.J.B.Nevado,J.R.Flores,G.C.Penalvo,Anal.Chim.Acta,1997,340,257.
[16]M.M.Ghoneim,W.Baumann,E.Hammam,A.Tawfik,Talanta,2004,64,857.
[17]A.R.Fakhari,A.R.Khorrami,M.Shamsipur,Anal.Chim.Acta,2006,572,237.
[18]M.Khakpour,A.Jamshidi,A.A.Entezami,H.Mirzadeh,JPC-J.Planar Chromatogr.-Mod.TLC,2005,18,326.
[19]Q.G.Wang,Z.P.Wu,Y.M.Wang,G.Luo,E.R.Wu,X.F.Gao,G.Li,Anal.Lett.,2001,34,103.
[20]H.B.Theron,C.Coetzee,F.C.W.Sutherland,J.L.Wiesner,K.J.Swart,J.Chromatogr.B,2004,813,331.
[21]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[22]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[23]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.
[1]张跃伟,实用医技杂志,2007,14,3820.
[2]赫建光,李健,邯郸医学高等专科学校学报,2006,19,475.
[3]何齐玉,现代中西医结合杂志,2006,15,815.
[4]张江武,沈有权,黄美苑,林凯平,现代医院,2006,6,31.
[5]杜学海,中老年保健,2001,3,7.
[6]俞娉,林玎,李利,心脑血管病防治,2006,6,372.
[7]余振球,中国社区医师,2007,23,16.
[8]A.Vonaparti,M.Kazanis,I.Panderi,J.Mass Spectrom.,2006,41,593.
[9]K.H.Rahn,Clin.Exp.Hypertens.A.,1983,5,157.
[10] R.B. Patel, U.R. Patel, M.C. Rogge, V.P. Shah, V.K. Prasad, A. Selen, P.G. Welling, J. Pharm. Sci., 1984, 73, 359.
[11] N.V.S. Ramakrishna, K.N. Vishwottam, S. Manoj, M. Koteshwara, S. Wishu, D.P. Varma, Biomed. Chromatogr., 2005,19, 751.
[12] K. Wellington, D.M. Faulds, Drugs, 2002,62, 1983.
[13] M.J. Crespo, W.C. De Mello, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 420, 133.
[14] I.E. Chazova, L.G. Ratova, V.V. Dmitriev, V.E. Sinitsin, O.V. Stukalova, Kardiologiya, 2003, 43, 60.
[15] B. Martina, T. Dieterle, M. Weinbacher, E. Battegay, Cardiology, 1999, 92, 110.
[16] S.J. Middlemost, R. Tager, J. Davis, P. Sareli, Am. J. Cardiol., 1994, 73, 1092.
[17] T.M. Huang, Z. He, B. Yang, L.P. Shao, X.W. Zheng, G.L. Duan, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2006, 41, 644.
[18] N.B. Mistry, A.S. Westheim, S.E. Kjeldsen, Expert Opin. Pharmacothcr., 2006. 7, 575.
[19] H.Y. Yang, P.F. Kao, T.H. Chen, B. Tomlinson, W.C. Ko, P. Chan, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2007, 47, 397.
[20] J.L. Pool, R. Glazer, M. Weinberger, R. Alvarado, J. Huang, A. Graff, Clin. Ther., 2007,29,61.
[21] A.J. Wagstaff, Drugs, 2006, 66,1881.
[22] B.S. Kuo, A. Mandagere, D.R. Osborne, K.K. Hwang, Pharm. Res., 1990, 7, 1257.
[23] C.T. Azumaya, J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl., 1990, 532, 168.
[24] R.B. Miller, C. Amestoy, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1992,10, 541.
[25] I. Niopas, A.C. Daftsios, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 2002, 25, 487.
[26] K. Richter, R. Oertel, W. Kirch, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 729, 293.
[27] D. Farthing, I. Fakhry, E.B.D. Ripley, D. Sica, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1998,17, 1455.
[28] A. Medvedovici, C. Mircioiu, V. David, D.S. Miron, Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet., 2000, 25, 91.
[29] D. Zendelovska, T. Stafilov, P. Milosevski, Biomed. Chromatogr., 2004,18, 71.
[30] S. Tatar, S. Saglik, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2002,30, 371.
[31] B. Kocyigit-Kaymakcoglu, S. Unsalan, S. Rollas, Pharmazie, 2006, 61, 586.
[32] G. Iriarte, N. Ferreiros, I. Ibarrondo, R.M. Alonso, M.I. Maguregi, L. Gonzalez, R.M. Jimenez, J. Sep. Sci., 2006, 29, 2265.
[33]J.Macek,J.Klima,P.Ptacek,J.Chromatogr.B,2006,832,169.
[34]E.Satana,S.Altinay,N.G.Goger,S.A.Ozkan,Z.Senturk,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2001,25,1009.
[35]G.Caducci,V.Di Carlo,P.Mazzeo,Anal.Lett.,2000,33,2491.
[36]E.Dinc,B.Uslu,S.A.Ozkan,Anal.Lett.,2004,37,679.
[37]N.Erk,Anal.Lett.,2002,35,283.
[38]F.Liu,Y.Xu,S.Gao,J.D.Zhang,Q.X.Guo,J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.,2007,44,1187.
[39]U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Food and Drug Administration,Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation,Federal Register,2001.
[40]化学药物制剂人体生物利用度和生物等效性研究技术指导原则,2005.
[41]B.K.Matuszewski,M.L.Constanzer,C.M.Chavez-Eng.,Anal.Chem.,2003,75,3019.