基于液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的研究
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摘要
全息液晶/聚合物光栅是由富聚合物层和富液晶层交替排列形成的一种具有折射率周期性分布的结构。自从1993年被Sutherland首次报道出来后,它得到了极为广泛的关注。全息液晶/聚合物光栅是利用液晶/单体预聚物体系在双光束的干涉光场中曝光形成的,正是由于液晶这种具有光学各向异性和介电各向异性介质的加入,使得全息液晶/聚合物光栅很容易实现电调谐,因此它可以广泛应用于波长分束器、反射式全息显示、光传感系统、全息光学透镜、光学数据存储、光子晶体以及光学计算机等领域。
而基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器是将全息液晶/聚合物光栅技术和分布反馈式染料激光器技术相结合所研制出来的一种新型激光器。这种新型的激光器具有许多优良的特性,例如激光输出线宽极窄、激光泵浦阈值很低。更为重要的是,在基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器中,由于存在着液晶这种介电各向异性材料,因此这种微型激光器很容易实现输出波长的电调谐或者热调谐。因此,基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器在光纤通讯、可调谐激光器等领域都将有着重大的潜在应用价值。
然而目前所制备的基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器仍然具有很多的缺点,例如激光线宽都比较宽,泵浦能量阈值也都较高,更重要的是输出能量以及转化效率很低。这些因素都制约了基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的应用。为了解决上述问题,本论文进行了如下研究：
首先研究了研究了激光染料的能级结构和光谱特性,并对基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的工作机理进行了探讨。在此基础上进行了基于全息液晶／聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的研制。之后,通过温控仪控制样品的温度,对周期为610nm的染料掺杂全息液晶/聚合物光栅进行激光抽运,探测不同温度下的输出激光光谱,观察到随着温度由20℃升高到140℃,激光器的中心波长由625.8nm减小到613.2nm,产生了12.6nm的波长蓝移。
对于基于液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器来说,影响激光性能的因素有主要有两方面,一方面是工作物质,即激光染料以及浓度；另一方面,作为基于液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的核心部件,液晶/聚合物光栅的优劣极大的影响了激光器的性能。因此论文进一步从激光染料的浓度,光栅尺寸、单体材料以及制备温度等方面来探讨改善激光器性能的办法,从而减小激光器的线宽、降低激光器阈值并提高激光器的转化效率。使激光器线宽降低到0.2nm以下,阂值降低到原来的1/21,转化效率也提升了6倍,达到了1.2%。
最后我们通过实验光路的设计用四光束干涉单次曝光的方法成功制备了全息二维光栅,并在三点实验假设的基础上,从理论上推导出了二维正弦型位相光栅衍射图样的相关公式,根据公式的模拟结果对所制得的光栅相貌和衍射图样进行分析和比较。并研制了基于全息二维液晶/聚合物光栅的光子晶体激光器,得到了低阂值、窄线宽的输出激光,阈值能量约为22.7μJ、激光线宽达到了0.4nm。
The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating consists of distinct polymer-rich and liquid crystal-rich lamellae that give rise to a periodic refractive index profile。Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating have obtained widespread attention since they were first reported by R. L. Sutherland et al. in1993. Through holography, HPDLC gratings are formed by exposuring the mixture of photosensitive monomers and liquid crystals in the hologram forms from the interference of two laser beams. Because of the diffraction efficiency of optical and dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal, holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating has a distinct advantage that they can be easily tuned electrically or thermally. So holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating can be widely applied in fields such as filter, reflected holographic display, optical sensor system, zoom lens, optical data storage, photon crystal, and optical computer.
The distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is a new laser that integrate the technology of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating and the distributed feedback dye laser.Because of the distinct advantage of the low threshold, narrow linewidth and the wavelength can easily tuned electrically or thermally, the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating have attracted more and more attention for a wide range of potential application from fiber-optic communication to the tunable laser.
But, the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating also has many disadvantages, such as high threshold, broad linewidth and low output energy, which restrict its applications. In order to resolve the problems above, this paper has done the following research:
Fistly, the energy level structure and the spectral characteristics of the laser dye is studied. And the working mechanism of the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is also studied. And the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is successfully prepared.Then, we adjust the temperature of the temple and measured the lasing spectra from the DCM-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating with the grating period of610nm。There is an obvious12.6nm-blueshift from625.8nm to613.2nm for the lasing wavelength with the temperature increased from20℃to140℃。
For the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating, there are two factors mainly influence the properties of the laser. One is the dye and the concentration of dye, the other is the appearance of the grating. So this paper studys the influence of the concentration of dye, the size of the grating, the prepared temperature to improve the properties of the laser. Then, the linewidth is reduced to0.2nm, and the threshold is also reduced to1/21. The onversion efficiency is increased to1.2%,6times as before.
In addition, a two-dimensional (2D) electrically-tunable diffraction grating is prepared through single-step exposure experimental setup. Then, a2D diffraction model of phase only grating is constructed and the diffraction equations are obtained based on three hypotheses. At last, the morphologies and electro-optical performance of the2D grating formed by single-step exposure are discussed combined with our theoretical results. All results gotten from2D diffraction model have a good agreement with the experimental data. And we prepares a kind of two-dimensional photonic crystal laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals with a threshold energy of about22.7P J, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is only0.4nm, which is evidently lower than previously reported.
而基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器是将全息液晶/聚合物光栅技术和分布反馈式染料激光器技术相结合所研制出来的一种新型激光器。这种新型的激光器具有许多优良的特性,例如激光输出线宽极窄、激光泵浦阈值很低。更为重要的是,在基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器中,由于存在着液晶这种介电各向异性材料,因此这种微型激光器很容易实现输出波长的电调谐或者热调谐。因此,基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器在光纤通讯、可调谐激光器等领域都将有着重大的潜在应用价值。
然而目前所制备的基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器仍然具有很多的缺点,例如激光线宽都比较宽,泵浦能量阈值也都较高,更重要的是输出能量以及转化效率很低。这些因素都制约了基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的应用。为了解决上述问题,本论文进行了如下研究：
首先研究了研究了激光染料的能级结构和光谱特性,并对基于全息液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的工作机理进行了探讨。在此基础上进行了基于全息液晶／聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的研制。之后,通过温控仪控制样品的温度,对周期为610nm的染料掺杂全息液晶/聚合物光栅进行激光抽运,探测不同温度下的输出激光光谱,观察到随着温度由20℃升高到140℃,激光器的中心波长由625.8nm减小到613.2nm,产生了12.6nm的波长蓝移。
对于基于液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器来说,影响激光性能的因素有主要有两方面,一方面是工作物质,即激光染料以及浓度；另一方面,作为基于液晶/聚合物光栅的分布反馈式激光器的核心部件,液晶/聚合物光栅的优劣极大的影响了激光器的性能。因此论文进一步从激光染料的浓度,光栅尺寸、单体材料以及制备温度等方面来探讨改善激光器性能的办法,从而减小激光器的线宽、降低激光器阈值并提高激光器的转化效率。使激光器线宽降低到0.2nm以下,阂值降低到原来的1/21,转化效率也提升了6倍,达到了1.2%。
最后我们通过实验光路的设计用四光束干涉单次曝光的方法成功制备了全息二维光栅,并在三点实验假设的基础上,从理论上推导出了二维正弦型位相光栅衍射图样的相关公式,根据公式的模拟结果对所制得的光栅相貌和衍射图样进行分析和比较。并研制了基于全息二维液晶/聚合物光栅的光子晶体激光器,得到了低阂值、窄线宽的输出激光,阈值能量约为22.7μJ、激光线宽达到了0.4nm。
The holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating consists of distinct polymer-rich and liquid crystal-rich lamellae that give rise to a periodic refractive index profile。Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating have obtained widespread attention since they were first reported by R. L. Sutherland et al. in1993. Through holography, HPDLC gratings are formed by exposuring the mixture of photosensitive monomers and liquid crystals in the hologram forms from the interference of two laser beams. Because of the diffraction efficiency of optical and dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystal, holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating has a distinct advantage that they can be easily tuned electrically or thermally. So holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating can be widely applied in fields such as filter, reflected holographic display, optical sensor system, zoom lens, optical data storage, photon crystal, and optical computer.
The distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is a new laser that integrate the technology of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating and the distributed feedback dye laser.Because of the distinct advantage of the low threshold, narrow linewidth and the wavelength can easily tuned electrically or thermally, the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating have attracted more and more attention for a wide range of potential application from fiber-optic communication to the tunable laser.
But, the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating also has many disadvantages, such as high threshold, broad linewidth and low output energy, which restrict its applications. In order to resolve the problems above, this paper has done the following research:
Fistly, the energy level structure and the spectral characteristics of the laser dye is studied. And the working mechanism of the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is also studied. And the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating is successfully prepared.Then, we adjust the temperature of the temple and measured the lasing spectra from the DCM-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating with the grating period of610nm。There is an obvious12.6nm-blueshift from625.8nm to613.2nm for the lasing wavelength with the temperature increased from20℃to140℃。
For the distributed feedback dye laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating, there are two factors mainly influence the properties of the laser. One is the dye and the concentration of dye, the other is the appearance of the grating. So this paper studys the influence of the concentration of dye, the size of the grating, the prepared temperature to improve the properties of the laser. Then, the linewidth is reduced to0.2nm, and the threshold is also reduced to1/21. The onversion efficiency is increased to1.2%,6times as before.
In addition, a two-dimensional (2D) electrically-tunable diffraction grating is prepared through single-step exposure experimental setup. Then, a2D diffraction model of phase only grating is constructed and the diffraction equations are obtained based on three hypotheses. At last, the morphologies and electro-optical performance of the2D grating formed by single-step exposure are discussed combined with our theoretical results. All results gotten from2D diffraction model have a good agreement with the experimental data. And we prepares a kind of two-dimensional photonic crystal laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals with a threshold energy of about22.7P J, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is only0.4nm, which is evidently lower than previously reported.
引文
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