面向区域监控的无线传感网络技术研究
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摘要
随着“普适计算”技术的出现与发展,无线传感网络作为一种新型数据采集与处理手段,越来越受到人们的普遍重视,并在未来具有广阔的应用前景。目前,无线传感网络的许多技术还处在探索阶段,如网络覆盖、传输安全、可靠性和服务质量等。只有有效地解决这些技术问题,无线传感网络才有机会真正应用到军事、医疗、商业、教育和环境等领域,发挥潜在的巨大价值,才能真正转化为生产力。本文从无线传感网络面向区域监控的应用问题入手,分别对其性能、策略和方法作了一些有益的探索,取得具有一定创新性的研究成果,主要反映在如下三个方面的内容:
首先,从目标探测能力有限的角度出发,提出基于局部信息的目标入侵算法,打破了传统基于全局布置信息的假设,为衡量目标入侵对静态传感网络监控性能的影响提供了客观依据。受传统路由算法的启发,设计并实现了五种路径搜索算法,通过仿真实验比较发现其中FDP性能最优。此外,从目标探测概率的角度指出了隐藏技术是提高静态传感网络监控性能的重要方向。
其次,向无线传感网络引入一致性移动的概念,推导了针对目标探测的传感网络移动方法f_s~-,以及相应的目标入侵方向f_t~⊥,分析了在区域监控应用中移动节点和目标之间存在的纳什均衡。在统一的节点移动模型基础上,根据节点移动和目标移动的相互位置关系推导了使得暴露程度趋于增大的节点移动方向,和使得暴露程度趋于减小的目标移动方向,仿真结果证实了上述结论的正确性。
最后,面向区域入侵提出了目标捕获问题,即利用混合传感网络实现“无人值守”方式的区域监控。在大量静态节点对目标信息感知、计算的基础上,给出了以静态节点为地标的移动节点捕获策略,实现了移动节点快速捕获目标的方法。在此基础上,讨论了多目标-多移动节点情形下的任务分配问题,设计并实现了基于探测消息的PMB任务分配协议,仿真结果表明了上述算法具有良好的可行性和一定的有效性。
With the appearance and development of pervasive computing, wireless sensor networks have allured more and more eyeballs as a new type of data collecting and processing because of its wide appliance foreground. At present, many technologies of wireless sensor networks wait in an exploration stage yet, such as network coverage, transmission security, reliability, quality of service and so on. Only solving these technical questions effectively, wireless sensor networks then have the opportunity truly to apply to applications, including military affairs, medical treatment, commerce, education and environmental applications, to display the latent enormous value, and to transform truly as the productive forces. In this paper, we start from the field surveillance using wireless sensor networks, have done a few beneficial explorations and acuquired some creative research results according to its performance, strategy and methods. Our work is mainly shown in three aspects as follows:
Firstly, supposing the finite ability of target detection, we propose target intruding algorithms based on local information, discard assumption for global information of sensor deployment and provide the real method for evaluating the performance of field surveillance using sensor networks. Enlightened from the traditional routing algorithm, we design and realize five path-finding algorithms and find out that FDP has the best performance through simulation. Based on the intruding algorithms of the target, we discuss the performance of field surveillance from the view of target detection probability, and point out the performance-improving direction of static sensor networks– hiding.
Secondly, introducing coherent movement to wireless sensor networks, we show the optimal moving direction f_s~- and corresponding intruding direction f_t~⊥for mobile nodes and the target respectively. Moreover, we analyze the exiting Nash equilibrium between the mobile node and the target from the view of game theory. Based on the uniform moving model of the mobile node, we analysize the moving direction of mobile nodes for more degree of coverage and the intruding direction of target for less degree of exposure. Simulation result manifests the correctness of result above.
Finally, putting forward the problem of interception against intruding target, we present unattended surveillance using hybrid sensor networks. We propose target intercepting method using mobile nodes with the help of static nodes sensing and computing as landmarks. Besides, according to the multiple targets - multiple mobile nodes case, we design a distributed task assignment protocol PMB based on probe message. Experimental results show that the algorithm above has good feasibility and some effectiveness.
首先,从目标探测能力有限的角度出发,提出基于局部信息的目标入侵算法,打破了传统基于全局布置信息的假设,为衡量目标入侵对静态传感网络监控性能的影响提供了客观依据。受传统路由算法的启发,设计并实现了五种路径搜索算法,通过仿真实验比较发现其中FDP性能最优。此外,从目标探测概率的角度指出了隐藏技术是提高静态传感网络监控性能的重要方向。
其次,向无线传感网络引入一致性移动的概念,推导了针对目标探测的传感网络移动方法f_s~-,以及相应的目标入侵方向f_t~⊥,分析了在区域监控应用中移动节点和目标之间存在的纳什均衡。在统一的节点移动模型基础上,根据节点移动和目标移动的相互位置关系推导了使得暴露程度趋于增大的节点移动方向,和使得暴露程度趋于减小的目标移动方向,仿真结果证实了上述结论的正确性。
最后,面向区域入侵提出了目标捕获问题,即利用混合传感网络实现“无人值守”方式的区域监控。在大量静态节点对目标信息感知、计算的基础上,给出了以静态节点为地标的移动节点捕获策略,实现了移动节点快速捕获目标的方法。在此基础上,讨论了多目标-多移动节点情形下的任务分配问题,设计并实现了基于探测消息的PMB任务分配协议,仿真结果表明了上述算法具有良好的可行性和一定的有效性。
With the appearance and development of pervasive computing, wireless sensor networks have allured more and more eyeballs as a new type of data collecting and processing because of its wide appliance foreground. At present, many technologies of wireless sensor networks wait in an exploration stage yet, such as network coverage, transmission security, reliability, quality of service and so on. Only solving these technical questions effectively, wireless sensor networks then have the opportunity truly to apply to applications, including military affairs, medical treatment, commerce, education and environmental applications, to display the latent enormous value, and to transform truly as the productive forces. In this paper, we start from the field surveillance using wireless sensor networks, have done a few beneficial explorations and acuquired some creative research results according to its performance, strategy and methods. Our work is mainly shown in three aspects as follows:
Firstly, supposing the finite ability of target detection, we propose target intruding algorithms based on local information, discard assumption for global information of sensor deployment and provide the real method for evaluating the performance of field surveillance using sensor networks. Enlightened from the traditional routing algorithm, we design and realize five path-finding algorithms and find out that FDP has the best performance through simulation. Based on the intruding algorithms of the target, we discuss the performance of field surveillance from the view of target detection probability, and point out the performance-improving direction of static sensor networks– hiding.
Secondly, introducing coherent movement to wireless sensor networks, we show the optimal moving direction f_s~- and corresponding intruding direction f_t~⊥for mobile nodes and the target respectively. Moreover, we analyze the exiting Nash equilibrium between the mobile node and the target from the view of game theory. Based on the uniform moving model of the mobile node, we analysize the moving direction of mobile nodes for more degree of coverage and the intruding direction of target for less degree of exposure. Simulation result manifests the correctness of result above.
Finally, putting forward the problem of interception against intruding target, we present unattended surveillance using hybrid sensor networks. We propose target intercepting method using mobile nodes with the help of static nodes sensing and computing as landmarks. Besides, according to the multiple targets - multiple mobile nodes case, we design a distributed task assignment protocol PMB based on probe message. Experimental results show that the algorithm above has good feasibility and some effectiveness.
引文
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