城市湖泊综合需水分析及生态系统健康评价研究
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摘要
城市湖泊作为重要的城市水体形态和财富资源,其功能主要体现在旅游、娱乐、调蓄洪水、调节气候和改善城市生态环境等方面。由于湖泊资源的过度开发与不合理的利用,已造成了湖泊水资源短缺、水环境恶化、生态系统退化的严重局面。因此,对城市湖泊生态系统的水量、水质和水生态进行研究,可为其可持续管理和利用提供依据。本文以山东东昌湖为研究背景,开展了以下研究:
(1)通过对东昌湖历史变迁的分析,总结得出其生态系统服务功能的演变过程,并对其影响因子进行了分析,研究了各功能及各因子的相对重要性,目的在于合理确定湖泊的主导功能,合理排列湖泊生态系统服务功能影响因子保护力度的主次顺序,实现湖泊资源的可持续利用和湖区经济的可持续发展。
(2)在综合考虑东昌湖的景观旅游、生态环境和工业供水等主要功能对水质、水量要求的基础上,建立了东昌湖优化引水量计算模型,对不同代表年各个月的需要调用黄河水量(通过平原水库谭庄水库调用)进行了分析计算。分析计算结果对东昌湖在满足生态系统良性循环和保证供水的前提下,科学调引黄河水量提供了依据。
(3)考虑到生态环境需水量的时空特性,探讨了结合水量水质耦合研究和阈值研究的生态环境需水量计算方法,将其划分为四个组分,计算得出东昌湖多年平均最优、中等和最小生态环境需水量,而且水体生态环境改善需水量和水体基本需水量两部分占全部生态环境需水量的绝大部分。计算结果可为保护其生态环境,促进其可持续利用提供依据。
(4)水质综合评价和水体富营养化评价均是涉及多指标、多级别、考虑区间值的模糊评价问题,将模糊可变集理论引入其中,在评价数学模型不变的前提下,用熵值法、等权法和单纯阈值法3种方法确定指标权重,并以东昌湖为例,分析了各方法对应的级别特征值的稳定性,最终确定各样本的评价等级,评价结果均与实际基本吻合。
(5)结合城市湖泊生态系统的特点,利用压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型建立指标体系,将信息熵(IE)理论引入指标权重的确定,建立了城市湖泊生态系统健康评价模型,选用综合健康指数法(CHIM)进行城市湖泊生态系统健康评价,并应用2002-2006年东昌湖的实测资料,对其生态系统健康状况进行了评价,评价结果与实际情况基本相符。最后为其管理、保护和生态恢复提出了建议。
As the significant city water and wealth resources,the main functions of urban lakes include tour,entertainment,flood regulation,climate regulation and eco-environment improvement.The overdevelopment and unreasonable utilization to lake resources result in shortage of water resources,deterioration of water environment and degeneration of ecosystem.Studies on water quantity,water quality and water ecology of urban lake ecosystems can provide foundations for their sustainable management and utilization.This paper presents a case study in Dongchang Lake.The results from this study can be summarized as follows:
(1) Based on the analysis of the history of Dongchang Lake,its ecosystem service function evolution process is summarized.The influencing factors to its ecosystem service functions are respectively analyzed.The relative importance of every function and every influencing factor is studied for a lake to determine resonably its leading function and to array legitimately primary and secondary protective sequence of influencing factors to its ecosystem service functions and to realize the sustainable utilization of lake resources and the sustainable development of Lake District economy.
(2) Calculation model for optimal water volume transferred to Dongchang Lake are established after considering demands to water volume and water quality for primary functions,such as sight tour,eco-environment and industry water supply.Water volume of Yellow River transferred via Tanzhuang Reservior corresponding to each month of different representative years is analyzed and calculated.The results can be used as warranties for transferring water of Yellow River scientifically under the precondition of favorable ecosystem cycle of Dongchang Lake and assuring water supply.
(3) Spatial and temporal properties considered,the caculation method of eco-environmental water requirement of urban lake combining with water quantity-water quality coupling study and threshold study is discussed.The calculation of eco-environmental water requirement of Dongchang Lake is given as an example.It is divided into four parts.Then the multiannual mean optimal,moderate and minimal value are calculated.Eco-environment improvement water requirement and basic water requirement for water body occupate most of the whole water requirement.The calculation results can provide theoretical foundations for protecting eco-environment and promoting sustainable development of Dongchang Lake.
(4) Considering that comprehensive evaluation of water quality and eutrophication evaluation involve many indexes,many classifications and interval values,variable fuzzy sets theory is applied.Based on the premise that the same mathematics model is used,index weights are determined by means of entropy value method,equal weight method and pute threshold value method.The application of this model in Dongchang Lake is given as an example.The stability of features of classification corresponding to each method is analyzed and grade of each sample is determined.The results all chime basically with reality.
(5) Combining with the properties of ecosystem of an urban lake,the index system for its health assessment is built with the PSR(Pressure-State-Response) conceptual model.The index weights are determined with information entropy theory.The comprehensive health index method is used to assess ecosystem health of an urban lake.The application of this method in Dongchang Lake is given as an example.The states of its ecosystem health in 2002 to 2006 are assessed.The results conform basically to reality.Finally the suggestions are proposed for its management,protection and ecological restoration.
(1)通过对东昌湖历史变迁的分析,总结得出其生态系统服务功能的演变过程,并对其影响因子进行了分析,研究了各功能及各因子的相对重要性,目的在于合理确定湖泊的主导功能,合理排列湖泊生态系统服务功能影响因子保护力度的主次顺序,实现湖泊资源的可持续利用和湖区经济的可持续发展。
(2)在综合考虑东昌湖的景观旅游、生态环境和工业供水等主要功能对水质、水量要求的基础上,建立了东昌湖优化引水量计算模型,对不同代表年各个月的需要调用黄河水量(通过平原水库谭庄水库调用)进行了分析计算。分析计算结果对东昌湖在满足生态系统良性循环和保证供水的前提下,科学调引黄河水量提供了依据。
(3)考虑到生态环境需水量的时空特性,探讨了结合水量水质耦合研究和阈值研究的生态环境需水量计算方法,将其划分为四个组分,计算得出东昌湖多年平均最优、中等和最小生态环境需水量,而且水体生态环境改善需水量和水体基本需水量两部分占全部生态环境需水量的绝大部分。计算结果可为保护其生态环境,促进其可持续利用提供依据。
(4)水质综合评价和水体富营养化评价均是涉及多指标、多级别、考虑区间值的模糊评价问题,将模糊可变集理论引入其中,在评价数学模型不变的前提下,用熵值法、等权法和单纯阈值法3种方法确定指标权重,并以东昌湖为例,分析了各方法对应的级别特征值的稳定性,最终确定各样本的评价等级,评价结果均与实际基本吻合。
(5)结合城市湖泊生态系统的特点,利用压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型建立指标体系,将信息熵(IE)理论引入指标权重的确定,建立了城市湖泊生态系统健康评价模型,选用综合健康指数法(CHIM)进行城市湖泊生态系统健康评价,并应用2002-2006年东昌湖的实测资料,对其生态系统健康状况进行了评价,评价结果与实际情况基本相符。最后为其管理、保护和生态恢复提出了建议。
As the significant city water and wealth resources,the main functions of urban lakes include tour,entertainment,flood regulation,climate regulation and eco-environment improvement.The overdevelopment and unreasonable utilization to lake resources result in shortage of water resources,deterioration of water environment and degeneration of ecosystem.Studies on water quantity,water quality and water ecology of urban lake ecosystems can provide foundations for their sustainable management and utilization.This paper presents a case study in Dongchang Lake.The results from this study can be summarized as follows:
(1) Based on the analysis of the history of Dongchang Lake,its ecosystem service function evolution process is summarized.The influencing factors to its ecosystem service functions are respectively analyzed.The relative importance of every function and every influencing factor is studied for a lake to determine resonably its leading function and to array legitimately primary and secondary protective sequence of influencing factors to its ecosystem service functions and to realize the sustainable utilization of lake resources and the sustainable development of Lake District economy.
(2) Calculation model for optimal water volume transferred to Dongchang Lake are established after considering demands to water volume and water quality for primary functions,such as sight tour,eco-environment and industry water supply.Water volume of Yellow River transferred via Tanzhuang Reservior corresponding to each month of different representative years is analyzed and calculated.The results can be used as warranties for transferring water of Yellow River scientifically under the precondition of favorable ecosystem cycle of Dongchang Lake and assuring water supply.
(3) Spatial and temporal properties considered,the caculation method of eco-environmental water requirement of urban lake combining with water quantity-water quality coupling study and threshold study is discussed.The calculation of eco-environmental water requirement of Dongchang Lake is given as an example.It is divided into four parts.Then the multiannual mean optimal,moderate and minimal value are calculated.Eco-environment improvement water requirement and basic water requirement for water body occupate most of the whole water requirement.The calculation results can provide theoretical foundations for protecting eco-environment and promoting sustainable development of Dongchang Lake.
(4) Considering that comprehensive evaluation of water quality and eutrophication evaluation involve many indexes,many classifications and interval values,variable fuzzy sets theory is applied.Based on the premise that the same mathematics model is used,index weights are determined by means of entropy value method,equal weight method and pute threshold value method.The application of this model in Dongchang Lake is given as an example.The stability of features of classification corresponding to each method is analyzed and grade of each sample is determined.The results all chime basically with reality.
(5) Combining with the properties of ecosystem of an urban lake,the index system for its health assessment is built with the PSR(Pressure-State-Response) conceptual model.The index weights are determined with information entropy theory.The comprehensive health index method is used to assess ecosystem health of an urban lake.The application of this method in Dongchang Lake is given as an example.The states of its ecosystem health in 2002 to 2006 are assessed.The results conform basically to reality.Finally the suggestions are proposed for its management,protection and ecological restoration.
引文
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