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丝兰属植物提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵及饲粮养分消化的影响
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摘要
本研究由 5 个试验组成,选用 12 只雄性装有永久性瘘管的成年东北细毛羊,采用随
    机区组试验设计,分别饲喂 4 个水平(分别为 0mg/㎏、100mg/㎏、200mg/㎏、300mg/㎏)
    丝兰属植物提取物(YE)。研究了 4 个水平条件下 YE 对绵羊瘤胃发酵、对有机物质(OM)、
    干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃 48h 降解率和消化率的
    变化以及对绵羊血液生化指标的影响。 
     试验 1. 在上述添加水平下分别在试羊采食前及采食后的 2、4、6、8h 取瘤胃液样
    品进行分析,试验结果表明:各处理组与对照组 pH 值变化趋势相似,且均处于正常范围
    (pH5.5-7.5),在同一时间点相比 pH 值无显著差异(p>0.05),但随时间的变化幅度有
    所不同,总体有随着 YE 添加水平的上升,pH 值总体变化幅度有变缓的趋势。 
     同时,随着 YE 添加水平的增加,乙酸的浓度有降低的趋势,而丙酸的浓度则有上升
    的趋势,其中,300mg/㎏组较对照组在饲喂后 4h 和 6h 乙酸浓度下降 15.1%和 19.8%,丙
    酸浓度则提高 22.7%和 22.9%,差异达显著水平(p<0.05)。YE 的不同添加水平对丁酸、
    总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的变化并未产生明显影响。 
     试验 2. 分别于正试前一天及开始后第 7、14、21、28 天取采食后 2h 瘤胃液,测定
    各种酶活及原虫数目,综合各组 5 次采样数据的平均结果表明:随着 YE 添加水平的升高,
    总脱氢酶活性有上升的趋势,但各组处理间差异不显著(p>0.05)。纤维素酶活性随丝兰
    皂甙添加水平升高,表现出上升的趋势。其中 300mg/kg 组同对照组、100mg/kg 组相比
    达显著水平(p<0.05);各处理组内部原虫数随天数的增加无明显规律性变化,但各处理
    组间有随着 YE 添加水平升高,原虫数表现出下降的趋势。300mg/kg 组显著低于对照组
    和 100mg/kg 组(p<0.05)。 
     试验 3. 用尼龙袋法研究不同水平 YE 对全混合日粮有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)、中
    性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃 48h 降解率的影响。结果表明:各种饲粮
    养分的降解率均随 YE 添加水平的增加而呈上升趋势。其中,300mg/kg 组 OM、DM、NDF
    降解率显著高于对照组,而其他两水平组相对于对照组降解率差异不显著(p>0.05)。各
    处理间对 ADF48h 降解率的影响虽有上升趋势,但 4 组间差异不显著(p>0.05)。  
     试验 4. 不同水平 YE 对全混合日粮(TMR)中 ADF 消化率虽有上升趋势,但各处理
    组间差异不显著(p>0.05)。OM、DM、NDF 消化率随着 YE 添加水平的增加而呈上升趋势,
    其中 300mg/kg 组显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。 
     试验 5. 各组于正试期开始后每隔 7 天采血一次,共采集 4 次,测定各组试羊血液
    生化指标,结果表明:各组间各种指标差异不显著(p>0.05),均处于绵羊正常生理范
    围内,血清尿素氮有降低的趋势,对绵羊血液其他生化指标(血清谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰
    转肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐)无明显规律性影响。
Twelve male adult sheep with permanent rumen cannula were used in a single factor
    randomized block design to study the effect of four levels of YE (0mg/㎏、100mg/㎏、200mg/
    ㎏、300mg/㎏) on rumen fermentation items(pH,VFAconcentration,enzymes activity and
    the number of protozos),rumen digestibilities (48h) and apperent digestibilities of OM,DM,
    ADF,NDF,blood biochemical items.
     Trial 1. Rumen liquid was sampled at 0h,2h,4h,6h and 8h after feeding. pH,VFA
    concentration were mensurated.The results showed that pH were not distinctly influenced for
    four groups at the same time points. The pH of all levels were in normal range
    (pH5.5-7.5).The variety trends of pH have delayed as the concentration of YE supplement
    increasing.
     With the increaing of YE level,the concetration of acetic decreased accordingly,but the
    propionic concetration increased.YE at level of 300mg/kg, compared with control ,the acetic
    concentration decreased by 15.1% and 19.8% at 4h and 6h after feeding, respectively.The
    differeces of concentratins of YE did not significantly influenced the concentration of total
    volatile fatty acids(TVFA).
     Trial 2. Enzymes activity and number of protozos of ruminal liquid were measured at 2h
    after feeding at every seven days during the twenty-eight days. According to the results of this
    five days, the changing trends of activities of Total dehydrogenase and Cellulase were
    increased as the level of Yucca asponins increasing. Cellulase activity was distinctly
    influenced at level of 300mg/kg compared with control and 100mg/kg group .The the number
    of protozos in every group has no distinct regulation,but there were decreasing trends as the
    YE level increasing. The number of protozos of 300mg/kg YE was distinctly influenced
    compared with control and 100mg/kg group.
     Trial 3. The effect of the three levels of YE on the rumen degradability of DM,OM,NDF
    and ADF in 48h were evaluated with nylon bags. The results showed that the trends of
    degradability of nutrient material increased as YE supplement incresing. Rumen
     II
    
    
    Abstract
    degradability of OM、DM、NDF in 48h for 300mg/kg YE was distinctly influenced compared
    with control and 100mg/kg group (P<0.05) ,but the rumen degradabilities of ADF in 48h in
    four groups were not distinctly influenced.
     Trial 4 . In this experiment the effect of three levels of YE on the apparent digestibility of
    ADF were studied.The results showed that four groups were not distinctly influenced by
    supplement of YE(p>0.05). Apparent digestibilities of DM,OM,NDF had decreasing trends
    as the increasing of YE.Apparent digestibilities of DM,OM,NDF for 300mg/kg YE were
    distinctly influenced compared with control group (P<0.05).
     Trial 5. The results showed that the blood biochemical items of four groups were not
    distinctly influenced by YE supplement(p>0.05). All blood biochemical items were in
    normal range.The concentration of urea-N in serum decreased as the the increasing of YE.The
    activities of AST、GGT、ALP、LDH、CRE were not distinctly influenced.
     Candidate:Liu Chunlong
     Specialty:Animal nutrition and feed science
     Supervisor::Prof. Li Jie
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