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全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线的研究
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摘要
纸浆模塑餐具是发泡聚笨乙稀(EPS)餐具的理想替代品,世界上纸浆模塑餐具的生产厂家大部分集中在中国。现有纸浆模塑餐具生产设备存在自动化程度低、生产成本高、且生产过程及产品仍有不同程度的污染等问题,影响了产品的市场竞争力,制约了纸浆模塑工业的发展。从降低餐具生产成本和保护环境角度出发进行全自动生产线的研究,显得尤为迫切。
     餐具生产成本主要由四方面组成,即原料成本(约40%)、能耗成本(约30%)、助剂成本(20%)和人工费(10%)。降低餐具成本必须从上述四方面入手,探索低成本浆料的工艺及与之相适应的物料自动传送系统、高效能源与节能模具、与浆料相匹配的低成本防水防油剂及高效稳定的控制系统是本项目研究的核心内容也是本项目研究的创新点。论文重点突出物料传送系统关键部件——承载梁的优化设计及控制系统稳定性与可靠性的设计。
     按成本指标和污染程度分析各浆料的特点,选择低成本、高得率、无污染的磨石机械浆(GP)为原料,在原料组分分析的基础上,设计成型工艺,选择成型质量好、生产率高、易实现自动化的往复式单板成型机,采取各种措施解决GP浆成型不均匀的问题及选择与机械浆相匹配的助剂;分析几种定型方式和加热方式,采用定型效果好、生产率高、成本低的油加热与模内一次性定型相结合的热压定型节能技术,节能30%;为了使生产线适应磨石机械浆(CP)原料,采取相应措施解决由于粘网造成物料转移困难,对全自动设备结构进行改进设计,着重对物料传送系统的关键部件——承载梁的进行优化设计,使设备更加紧凑合理,提高设备的定位精度和产品质量;根据生产线工艺流程和现场特点,选用OMRON CPM1A型PLC为主核心,接近开关作为检测元件,替代有触点开关,选用可编程终端代替常规面板按扭,并按照时序图科学合理地设计软件,有效地简化系统硬件构成,提高系统的可靠性,保证系统的稳定性,从而使生产更加通畅有序;从理论上探索将神经元应具有的自组织、自学习要求与PID控制结构简单、稳定性好的
    
     全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线的研究
    特点结合起来,构成神经元自适应PID控制器,当参数的变化时,系统能自行参数整定,
    保持优良的工作性能指标,满足实际需求.
     本全自动纸浆模塑生产线自动化程度高,适应性广,既适于磨石机械浆(GP),又适
    于其他浆种作为原料,生产的产品外观质量好、重量轻(相同性能要求),防水防油性好、
    降解快、成本低。它是绿色生产线,具有很好的社会效益和巨大的经济效益,对于保护
    环境和推动我国纸浆模塑餐具工业发展具有重要意义。
Pulp molding tableware is the perfect substitute of EPS, these factories of which are mainly located in China. Problems of present equipment of Pulp molding tableware which are made up of low automatization, high production cost, pollution in the product process, influence product competition in market, confine development of Pulp molding industry. According to reduce the production cost of tableware and protect the environment, it is important urgent to research fully automatic production line of pulp molding tableware.
    The production cost of tableware consist of material cost(approximately 40%) > energy cost(approximately 30%), helpful dosage(approximately 20%) and manual cost(approximately 10%),so reducing production cost of tableware must start with above four points. The technology of low cost pulp, automatic carrying system, high efficient energy, mould saving energy, water-resistance and oil-resistance dosage, efficient and stable control system are researched, which are not only important points ,but also creative points of this paper. Optimum design of loaded beam which is key part of carrying system, design of stability and reliability control system are emphasized.
    In the light of cost index and pollution degree, the characteristics of kinds of pulp are analyzed in detail, and the GP pulp which is low cost, high-yield, no-pollution is chosen as the material of tableware. Based on material element analyzed, shaping technology is designed, the to and for single plane shaping equipment which is high shaping quality, high production efficiency and is easy to automatize is chosen. All kinds of measure are taken to solve the problems which are inequality in the shaping process of GP pulp, and dosage which matches with GP pulp is chosen. Some ways of fixing shape and heat up are analyzed, the technology of saving energy of heat pressing to fix shape being composed of oil heat and only one fixed shape in the mold is applied, with which it is high production efficiency, low cost to fix shape effectively, which saves energy 30 percent. In order to make the production line meet with material of GP pulp, measure are taken to solve the problem of pulp adhered to netlike molding which can lead to carry material difficult, the structure of fully automatic equipment is renovated, the loaded beam is optimizationally designed to make equipment structure compact
    
    
    
    and improve location precision and products quality. According to technologic flow and actual characteristic, Omron PLC is chosen as the core of the control system, proximity switch as detect unit take the place of touch switch, software is designed reasonably according to time order figure, hardware is simplified, the reliability of system is advanced, the stability of system is assured to make production order. Intelligence neuron PID system is studied theoretically which is made up of both neuron with self-organizing and self-learning function and ordinary PID with the characteristic of the simple structure and high stability, which can automatically tune the parameter with the change of system parameter, remain perfect performance.
    The fact shows that the production line of fully automatic pulp molding tableware has high automatization and wide adaptability, the product of surface is beautiful, which of weigh is light that has good water-resistance and oil-resistance, which is quickly decomposing and low cost. It is a green production line, having good society benefit and huge latent economy benefit. It is important to protect environment and improve pulp molding tableware industry.
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