高精度智能化称重模块研究
摘要
随着称重技术的不断提高,称重设备从传统的模拟式逐渐向智能化、数字化的方向发展。本文结合称重领域的现状和发展趋势,研究了实现智能化、网络化以及高精度称重的相关技术,设计了一种与称重传感器分离的智能化称重模块,可以实现对传统模拟称重传感器的数字化改造,使其符合智能化称重传感器的特点。本论文所完成的工作如下:
1)使用Silicon Laboratories公司的内部集成24位? ??型模数转换器的C8051F350单片机,采用通道交换测量、六线制和比率电压测量技术,并通过自校准和数字补偿处理,使称重模块对变化的环境参数具有自适应性。分析和实验表明,上述各项技术均提高了称重精度。
2)对传统RS-485接口电路进行了功能的扩展,设计了可以实现总线监听和冲突检测/竞争的自定义通讯协议。这些工作使称重模块具备了数字变送功能,同时又可以接收主机的ASCⅡ码形式的控制命令,从而实现称重模块的网络化、智能化管理。
3)为传统称重模块增加了新的内容:可以为称重传感器提供连续可调的激励源,使传感器不需单独设计激励源;实现了兼容六线制和四线制传感器的接口电路;具备JTAG编程接口,可实现在线调试和程序烧写,便于固件程序在线升级。这些工作使得传统称重模块的概念得到了扩展。
With the improvement of weighing technique, intelligent and digital facilities are requiredto replace the analog ones used before. According to the present situation and development ofweighing technique, methods related in intelligent, network and precision weighing arestudied in this thesis, and an intelligent loadcell digitizing unit separated from the analogloadcell is designed to realize the digital alteration that makes an analog loadcell change to anintelligent one. The contributions of the thesis are presented as follows:
1) Based on mixed-signal Micro-Control Unit (MCU) C8051F350 which integrates a24-bit ? ? ? Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) inside, channel switching, ratio voltagemeasurements and six-wire technique are studied, and a loadcell digitizing unit is designedwith self-calibration and digital compensation. The unit can work precisely at differentenvironments within the absolute maximum ratings. Experiments show that the mentionedtechniques meet the requirement of precise weighing.
2) An expanding work is conducted to make the conventional RS-485 interface circuit meetthe requirements of bus snooping, multi-talker detecting and competition, and thecoresponding communication protocol is established. As a result, this loadcell digitizing unitpossesses of the functions of digital transmitter and is ready for instructions in terms of ASCⅡcode. The unit adapts to both network environment and intelligent management.
3) Some novel functions are promoted and implimented, including: steplessly adjustibleexciting source supply for loadcell; interface accommodating six-wire and four-wire loadcell;JTAG interface for in-circuit debugging, flash programming, and on-line firmware upgrade.These functions expand the design concepts of conventional loadcell digitizing unit.
1)使用Silicon Laboratories公司的内部集成24位? ??型模数转换器的C8051F350单片机,采用通道交换测量、六线制和比率电压测量技术,并通过自校准和数字补偿处理,使称重模块对变化的环境参数具有自适应性。分析和实验表明,上述各项技术均提高了称重精度。
2)对传统RS-485接口电路进行了功能的扩展,设计了可以实现总线监听和冲突检测/竞争的自定义通讯协议。这些工作使称重模块具备了数字变送功能,同时又可以接收主机的ASCⅡ码形式的控制命令,从而实现称重模块的网络化、智能化管理。
3)为传统称重模块增加了新的内容:可以为称重传感器提供连续可调的激励源,使传感器不需单独设计激励源;实现了兼容六线制和四线制传感器的接口电路;具备JTAG编程接口,可实现在线调试和程序烧写,便于固件程序在线升级。这些工作使得传统称重模块的概念得到了扩展。
With the improvement of weighing technique, intelligent and digital facilities are requiredto replace the analog ones used before. According to the present situation and development ofweighing technique, methods related in intelligent, network and precision weighing arestudied in this thesis, and an intelligent loadcell digitizing unit separated from the analogloadcell is designed to realize the digital alteration that makes an analog loadcell change to anintelligent one. The contributions of the thesis are presented as follows:
1) Based on mixed-signal Micro-Control Unit (MCU) C8051F350 which integrates a24-bit ? ? ? Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) inside, channel switching, ratio voltagemeasurements and six-wire technique are studied, and a loadcell digitizing unit is designedwith self-calibration and digital compensation. The unit can work precisely at differentenvironments within the absolute maximum ratings. Experiments show that the mentionedtechniques meet the requirement of precise weighing.
2) An expanding work is conducted to make the conventional RS-485 interface circuit meetthe requirements of bus snooping, multi-talker detecting and competition, and thecoresponding communication protocol is established. As a result, this loadcell digitizing unitpossesses of the functions of digital transmitter and is ready for instructions in terms of ASCⅡcode. The unit adapts to both network environment and intelligent management.
3) Some novel functions are promoted and implimented, including: steplessly adjustibleexciting source supply for loadcell; interface accommodating six-wire and four-wire loadcell;JTAG interface for in-circuit debugging, flash programming, and on-line firmware upgrade.These functions expand the design concepts of conventional loadcell digitizing unit.
引文
[1]叶庆泰.工业企业称重技术的发展.衡器.2006,35(2):6-10
[2]刘九卿.数字式智能称重传感器的发展与应用.衡器.2004,5:8-12
[3]张延温,武君婷.浅谈数字称重传感器的技术现状与发展趋势.衡器.2004,1:1-3
[4]陈日兴.数字式称重传感器的智能化功能演变与发展综述.世界仪表与自动化.2007,11(8):52-54
[5]周祖濂.数字系统-使无码校准成为可能.第四届全国称重技术研讨会论文集.2005:106-107
[6]周祖濂.数字称重系统-称重技术新概念.衡器.2005,5:13-17
[7]刘立生.数字传感器和数字称重系统.质量天地.2003,2:44
[8]刘九卿.21世纪初我国称重传感器技术的发展与展望.衡器.1999,28(4):1-8
[9]刘九卿.我国称重传感器总体质量水平亟待提高.衡器.2005,34(1):1-8
[10]张杰.衡器计量现状及发展.铁道技术监督.2002,7:43-44
[11]周祖濂.我对数字称重传感器的认识.工业计量.2002,12(l):49-52
[12]史超.高精度高速动态称重系统的发展机遇.衡器.2003,32(6):7-8
[13]高光天,薛天宇.模数转换器应用技术.北京:科学出版社,2001:21-26
[14] 刘益成,罗维炳.信号处理与过抽样转换器.电子工业出版社,1997
[15] Silicon Laboratories,潘琢金.C8051F350/1/2/3 混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册[EB/OL].www.xinhualong.com,2005
[16] Uchimura K, Hayashi T, Kimura T, Iwata A. Oversampling A-to-D and D-to-Aconverters with multistage noise shaping modulators. IEEE Trans. ASSP. 1988,36(12): 1899–1905
[17] Presti L L. Efficient modified-Sinc filters for sigma–delta A/D converters.IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 2000, II47 (July):1204–1213
[18]Candy C J, Temes G C. Oversampling Delta-Sigma Data Converters. IEEE Press.1992.
[19] Dias V F. Sigma-delta modulators for high-resolution and wide-band A/Dconverter applications. Microelectronics. 1994, 25: 253-277
[20]Candy J C. A use of double loop integration in sigma–delta modulation. IEEETrans. Comm, 1985,33: 249–258
[21] 苏堡莹.高精度直接数字式称重传感器的研制.杭州:浙江大学,2006
[22]施汉谦,宋文敏.电子秤技术.北京:中国计量出版社,1991:129-138,200-203
[23]Art Kay.运算放大器电路中固有噪声的分析与测量.http://www.eetchina.com
[24]张长春,刘刚.工程数学.北京:航空工业出版社,2000
[25]冯子裘,杨绍孟.通信原理.西北工业大学出版社,1990:57-58
[26]Vaswani R. Electronic weighing system. Tech. Thesis, I.I.T. Bombay, 1988
[27]Colijn H J. Weighing and proportioning of bulk solids. Trans. Tech.Publmn.Germany,1975
[28]Erden U. Precision weighing - from Roman Steelyard to Microprocessor.Controll andinstrument.1984, 16(3):43-45
[29]王忠福.高精度称重变送器设计.硕士学位论文.大连:大连理工大学,2005
[30]Broeckelmann Uwe.RS-485/RS-422收发器在现场总线网络中的应用.电子产品世界.2002(11):31-34
[31]虞日跃,史洪源.RS-485总线的理论与实践.电子技术应用.2001(11):55-57
[32]林颖,罗金炎,刘骄.基于RS485总线的PC机与多单片机系统的串行通信.机械与电子.2006(1):35
[33]王明衍,赵毅.一种基于RS-485接口的通信方法.微计算机信息.2006,22(2-1):221
[34]黄健,周燕.一种具有高可靠性的485hub星型总线.微计算机信息.2005,21(4):64
[35]Axelson Jan,精英科技.串行端口大全.北京:中国电力出版社,2001:183-200
[36]王幸之,王雷,翟成.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[37]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[38]B&B Electronics Mfg. Co. Inc. RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note[EB/OL]http://www.bb-elec.com
[39]李昌禧.智能仪表原理与设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005:239-240
[40]方彦军,孙健.智能仪器技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:215-218
[41]李宥谋,房鼎益.CRC编码算法研究与实现.西北大学学报.2006,36(6):895-898
[42]宋凯,纪建伟,王健波.一种基于RS-485总线的自定义通信协议及其应用.科技情报开发与经济.2005,15(19):240-241
[43]吴军辉,林开颜,徐立鸿.RS485总线通信避障及其多主发送的研究.测控技术.2002,8:41-43
[44]吴忻生,陈安,胡跃明.一种实现载波监听多点接入/冲突检测的多主RS-485总线.电子技术应用.2004,2:48-50
[45]刘九卿.柱式称重传感器的非线性误差及其非线性补偿.衡器.2004,33(2):6-12
[46]陶宝祺.电阻应变式传感器.北京:国防工业出版社,1993:2-11
[47]朱子健.基于先进数据处理技术的智能称重传感器研究.博士学位论文.南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[48]高晋占.微弱信号检测.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:41-48
[49] Abeysekera S S. Stability analysis of sigma-delta modulators using anon-linear technique, in:International Symposium on Signal Processing and itsApplications. ISSPA‘96, Gold Coast, Australia. August 1996: 242–245
[50]Robert Schreiber.使高分辨率A/D转换器获得更高性能.http://www.eetchina.com.
[51]Walt Kester. ADC Input Noise: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. Is No NoiseGood Noise?.http://www.analog.com.
[52]宋文爱,卜雄珠.工程实验理论基础.北京:兵器工业出版社,2000:52-54
[53]王新和,程世洲.曲线拟合的最小二乘法.新疆职业大学学报.2004,12(2):84-86
[54]曹百娟,章真.模糊理论及技术的发展.浙江电力.1998,6:18-21
[55] 郑辑光,贾宏宇,施仁.信号输入通道的逆向建模及其在提高智能仪表测量精度中的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置.2000,2:13-15
[2]刘九卿.数字式智能称重传感器的发展与应用.衡器.2004,5:8-12
[3]张延温,武君婷.浅谈数字称重传感器的技术现状与发展趋势.衡器.2004,1:1-3
[4]陈日兴.数字式称重传感器的智能化功能演变与发展综述.世界仪表与自动化.2007,11(8):52-54
[5]周祖濂.数字系统-使无码校准成为可能.第四届全国称重技术研讨会论文集.2005:106-107
[6]周祖濂.数字称重系统-称重技术新概念.衡器.2005,5:13-17
[7]刘立生.数字传感器和数字称重系统.质量天地.2003,2:44
[8]刘九卿.21世纪初我国称重传感器技术的发展与展望.衡器.1999,28(4):1-8
[9]刘九卿.我国称重传感器总体质量水平亟待提高.衡器.2005,34(1):1-8
[10]张杰.衡器计量现状及发展.铁道技术监督.2002,7:43-44
[11]周祖濂.我对数字称重传感器的认识.工业计量.2002,12(l):49-52
[12]史超.高精度高速动态称重系统的发展机遇.衡器.2003,32(6):7-8
[13]高光天,薛天宇.模数转换器应用技术.北京:科学出版社,2001:21-26
[14] 刘益成,罗维炳.信号处理与过抽样转换器.电子工业出版社,1997
[15] Silicon Laboratories,潘琢金.C8051F350/1/2/3 混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册[EB/OL].www.xinhualong.com,2005
[16] Uchimura K, Hayashi T, Kimura T, Iwata A. Oversampling A-to-D and D-to-Aconverters with multistage noise shaping modulators. IEEE Trans. ASSP. 1988,36(12): 1899–1905
[17] Presti L L. Efficient modified-Sinc filters for sigma–delta A/D converters.IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 2000, II47 (July):1204–1213
[18]Candy C J, Temes G C. Oversampling Delta-Sigma Data Converters. IEEE Press.1992.
[19] Dias V F. Sigma-delta modulators for high-resolution and wide-band A/Dconverter applications. Microelectronics. 1994, 25: 253-277
[20]Candy J C. A use of double loop integration in sigma–delta modulation. IEEETrans. Comm, 1985,33: 249–258
[21] 苏堡莹.高精度直接数字式称重传感器的研制.杭州:浙江大学,2006
[22]施汉谦,宋文敏.电子秤技术.北京:中国计量出版社,1991:129-138,200-203
[23]Art Kay.运算放大器电路中固有噪声的分析与测量.http://www.eetchina.com
[24]张长春,刘刚.工程数学.北京:航空工业出版社,2000
[25]冯子裘,杨绍孟.通信原理.西北工业大学出版社,1990:57-58
[26]Vaswani R. Electronic weighing system. Tech. Thesis, I.I.T. Bombay, 1988
[27]Colijn H J. Weighing and proportioning of bulk solids. Trans. Tech.Publmn.Germany,1975
[28]Erden U. Precision weighing - from Roman Steelyard to Microprocessor.Controll andinstrument.1984, 16(3):43-45
[29]王忠福.高精度称重变送器设计.硕士学位论文.大连:大连理工大学,2005
[30]Broeckelmann Uwe.RS-485/RS-422收发器在现场总线网络中的应用.电子产品世界.2002(11):31-34
[31]虞日跃,史洪源.RS-485总线的理论与实践.电子技术应用.2001(11):55-57
[32]林颖,罗金炎,刘骄.基于RS485总线的PC机与多单片机系统的串行通信.机械与电子.2006(1):35
[33]王明衍,赵毅.一种基于RS-485接口的通信方法.微计算机信息.2006,22(2-1):221
[34]黄健,周燕.一种具有高可靠性的485hub星型总线.微计算机信息.2005,21(4):64
[35]Axelson Jan,精英科技.串行端口大全.北京:中国电力出版社,2001:183-200
[36]王幸之,王雷,翟成.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[37]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[38]B&B Electronics Mfg. Co. Inc. RS-422 and RS-485 Application Note[EB/OL]http://www.bb-elec.com
[39]李昌禧.智能仪表原理与设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2005:239-240
[40]方彦军,孙健.智能仪器技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:215-218
[41]李宥谋,房鼎益.CRC编码算法研究与实现.西北大学学报.2006,36(6):895-898
[42]宋凯,纪建伟,王健波.一种基于RS-485总线的自定义通信协议及其应用.科技情报开发与经济.2005,15(19):240-241
[43]吴军辉,林开颜,徐立鸿.RS485总线通信避障及其多主发送的研究.测控技术.2002,8:41-43
[44]吴忻生,陈安,胡跃明.一种实现载波监听多点接入/冲突检测的多主RS-485总线.电子技术应用.2004,2:48-50
[45]刘九卿.柱式称重传感器的非线性误差及其非线性补偿.衡器.2004,33(2):6-12
[46]陶宝祺.电阻应变式传感器.北京:国防工业出版社,1993:2-11
[47]朱子健.基于先进数据处理技术的智能称重传感器研究.博士学位论文.南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[48]高晋占.微弱信号检测.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:41-48
[49] Abeysekera S S. Stability analysis of sigma-delta modulators using anon-linear technique, in:International Symposium on Signal Processing and itsApplications. ISSPA‘96, Gold Coast, Australia. August 1996: 242–245
[50]Robert Schreiber.使高分辨率A/D转换器获得更高性能.http://www.eetchina.com.
[51]Walt Kester. ADC Input Noise: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. Is No NoiseGood Noise?.http://www.analog.com.
[52]宋文爱,卜雄珠.工程实验理论基础.北京:兵器工业出版社,2000:52-54
[53]王新和,程世洲.曲线拟合的最小二乘法.新疆职业大学学报.2004,12(2):84-86
[54]曹百娟,章真.模糊理论及技术的发展.浙江电力.1998,6:18-21
[55] 郑辑光,贾宏宇,施仁.信号输入通道的逆向建模及其在提高智能仪表测量精度中的应用.工业仪表与自动化装置.2000,2:13-15
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