太阳能HID灯电子镇流器研究与设计
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摘要
因不可再生能源可预见性的短缺，节能已成为一个全球问题。在我国，节能作为国家发展规划的重要目标，被摆在更加突出的战略位置。在十大节能工程中，照明节能正引起越来越多的关注。随着绿色照明的发展，一种高效、长寿命电光源HID灯正越来越显示出其优越性，而与之配套的电子镇流器的开发成为了研究热点。
本文对适合于小功率HID灯的太阳能电子镇流器进行了研究与设计。在分析太阳能HID灯电子镇流器技术特点与要求的基础上，设计了系统结构和各单元功能模块，并对主电路拓扑进行了优化设计。详细分析和研究了HID灯电子镇流器的几项关键技术，即启动技术、声共振抑制技术和稳态控制技术。在启动技术研究中，分析了两种典型的启动方式，设计了一种新颖滑频软启动技术的实现电路。在声共振抑制技术研究中，分析和讨论了声共振的产生机理、检测方法和抑制措施，设计了简单实用的声共振抑制电路。在稳态控制技术研究中，分析了恒功率控制和变频控制的功率调节方法，并设计了容易实现的近似恒功率控制电路。
35W高压钠灯用太阳能电子镇流器的研制：对镇流器最佳工作频率进行了优化选取，对功率变换器中磁性元件设计和LCC串并联电路中谐振参数选取进行了详细地分析，为增强系统可靠性和安全性设计了保护电路。最后对实验样机进行了实测分析，结果表明该装置达到了预期设计目标。
Energy saving has become a world-wide topic because of the foreseeable shortage of non-renewable energy. Energy saving is situated on the strategic station as the important object of our country development programming. Green lighting is attracting more and more attention in ten energy saving projects. A high efficiency and long life HID lamp plays an important role. As a result, the research of electronic ballast for HID lamp, especially based on renewable energy, has become a hot.
In this paper, the solar energy electronic ballast for low power HID lamp is studied and designed. System structure and function modules are given, which is based on technical characteristics and requirement of electronic ballast. Main circuit topology is optimized. Analysis of starting technique, acoustic resonance and steady state control is proceeded. A novel slipping frequency soft start-up circuit based on two starting methods is designed. Mechanism, detection and elimination of acoustic resonance are introduced in detail, corresponding eliminating circuit is designed. Two power control methods are introduced. Approximately constant power control circuit is designed.
The solar energy electronic ballast for 35W HPS lamp is developed successfully. Optimal switch frequency is selected. Magnetic component is designed for converter. The selection of LCC series parallel load circuit parameters is analyzed in detail. Protection circuits are designed for good reliability and security. Experiment results are satisfied with the expected objection.
本文对适合于小功率HID灯的太阳能电子镇流器进行了研究与设计。在分析太阳能HID灯电子镇流器技术特点与要求的基础上，设计了系统结构和各单元功能模块，并对主电路拓扑进行了优化设计。详细分析和研究了HID灯电子镇流器的几项关键技术，即启动技术、声共振抑制技术和稳态控制技术。在启动技术研究中，分析了两种典型的启动方式，设计了一种新颖滑频软启动技术的实现电路。在声共振抑制技术研究中，分析和讨论了声共振的产生机理、检测方法和抑制措施，设计了简单实用的声共振抑制电路。在稳态控制技术研究中，分析了恒功率控制和变频控制的功率调节方法，并设计了容易实现的近似恒功率控制电路。
35W高压钠灯用太阳能电子镇流器的研制：对镇流器最佳工作频率进行了优化选取，对功率变换器中磁性元件设计和LCC串并联电路中谐振参数选取进行了详细地分析，为增强系统可靠性和安全性设计了保护电路。最后对实验样机进行了实测分析，结果表明该装置达到了预期设计目标。
Energy saving has become a world-wide topic because of the foreseeable shortage of non-renewable energy. Energy saving is situated on the strategic station as the important object of our country development programming. Green lighting is attracting more and more attention in ten energy saving projects. A high efficiency and long life HID lamp plays an important role. As a result, the research of electronic ballast for HID lamp, especially based on renewable energy, has become a hot.
In this paper, the solar energy electronic ballast for low power HID lamp is studied and designed. System structure and function modules are given, which is based on technical characteristics and requirement of electronic ballast. Main circuit topology is optimized. Analysis of starting technique, acoustic resonance and steady state control is proceeded. A novel slipping frequency soft start-up circuit based on two starting methods is designed. Mechanism, detection and elimination of acoustic resonance are introduced in detail, corresponding eliminating circuit is designed. Two power control methods are introduced. Approximately constant power control circuit is designed.
The solar energy electronic ballast for 35W HPS lamp is developed successfully. Optimal switch frequency is selected. Magnetic component is designed for converter. The selection of LCC series parallel load circuit parameters is analyzed in detail. Protection circuits are designed for good reliability and security. Experiment results are satisfied with the expected objection.
引文
[1] 徐琛．高光效高压钠灯全面推动道路绿色照明建设[J]．中国照明电器，2006．11
[2] 邵民杰．绿色照明工程的探讨与应用[J]．建筑电气，2004．z1
[3] 张信高．绿色照明及其在一般民用建筑设计中的应用[J]．能源与环境，2006
[4] 王玉香．高效高可靠低成本大功率高压钠灯电子镇流器设计[D]．北京工业大学硕士学位论文，2005．5
[5] 刘晨阳．气体放电灯电子镇流器关键技术的研究[D]．浙江大学博士学位论文，2005．4
[6] 苏建徽．光伏水泵系统及其控制的研究[D]．合肥工业大学博士论文，2003
[7] 路秋生．电子镇流器的设计与调光控制[M]．科学出版社，2005：329．331
[8] 林安中，王斯成．国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景[J]．太阳能学报，1999(特刊)：68-71
[9] 吴瑞华，耿新华．非晶硅太阳电池述评[J]．太阳能学报，1999(特刊)：95-101
[10] 赵富鑫，魏彦章．太阳电池及其应用[M]．国防工业出版社，1985：83-84，207-213
[11] 陈尚伍等．高亮度LED太阳能路灯照明系统[J]．电力电子技术,2006．6：43-45
[12] 王飞等．具有MPPT功能的光伏充电系统的研究．太阳能学报[J]，2003．4：98-100
[13] 京特-莱纳，汉斯-卡尔著：余世杰，何慧若译．太阳能的光伏利用[R]．合肥工业大学，1991
[14] 王鹤，刘东社，杨宏．铅酸蓄电池的过充电保护与温度补偿[J]．西安交通大学学报，2001，35(12)：1310-1312
[15] 孙佩石等．带有最大功率点跟踪功能的光伏充电器[J]．可再生能源，2003．5
[16] 毛兴武，祝大卫．电子镇流器原理与制作[M]．人民邮电出版社，1999
[17] Yue-Quan Hu; Jun Zhang, Wei Chen, Chau-chun Wen. "Analysis and design of metal halide lamp igniter," IEEE PESC'2001, pp. 132-137
[18] John C. Pegg. Clive R. Walker, both of London, England, "Discharge lamp with starter circuit." US Patent 4, 165, 475, Aug.21, 1979
[19] 王卫．基于电荷泵技术的高强度气体放电灯电子镇流器研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士论文，2002．11
[20] 王卫等．基于IR2155的高压钠灯电子镇流器设计[J]．哈尔滨工业大学学报，2001 Vol33 No．6
[21] 林国庆等．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器研究[J]．电工电能新技术，2004．3
[22] Reatti and Wei Lin. High Power-Density Electronic Ballast for Automotive HID Lamp. IEEE Transactions on Industronics, 2002, 7(6): 128-132
[23] 王健强．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器关键技术研究及应用[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文．2004．9
[24] Yue-quan Hu, Jun zhang, Wei Chen, etc. Analysis and Design of Metal Halide Lamp Igniter. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001 (1): 132-137
[25] 周太明．光源原理与设计[M]．复旦大学出版社，1993
[26] Alberto Reatti. Low-Cost High Power-Density Electronic Ballast for Automotive HID Lamp. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2000, 15(2): 361-368
[27] 王云芳等．高强度气体放电灯HID灯声共振检测方法研究[J]．中国照明电器，2006，8
[28] H. Peng, S. Ratanapanachote, P. Enjeti. Evaluation of Acoustic Resonance in Metal Halide(MH) Lamps And An Approach to Detect Its Occurrence[A]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Second IAS Annual meeting[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1997: 2276-2283
[29] Laszlo laskai, Prasad N. Enjei, Ira J. Pitel. White-Noise Modulation of High-Frequency High-Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballasts [J]. IEEE Gansactions On Industry Applications, 1998, Vol. (3): 597-605
[30] Jo Olsen, Warren P. Moskowitz. Optical Measurement of Acoustic Resonance Frequencies in HID Lamps[A]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1997: 2263～2269
[31] J. Zhou, L. Ma and Z. Qian. A Novel Method for Testing Acoustic Resonance of HID Lamps[A]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1999: 480-485
[32] R. Schafer, H. -P. Stormherg. Investigatations on the fundamental Longitudinal Resonance of High Pressure Discharge Lamps [J]. J. Appl. Phys. 1982, 53(5): 3476-3480
[33] R. Redl, J. D. Paul. A New High-Frequency and High-Efficiency Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps Topology, Analysis, Design and Experimental Results. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999, (1): 486-492
[34] M. Gulko, S. B. Ysakov. A MHz Electronic Ballast for Automotive-Type HID Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 1997: 39-45
[35] S. B. Yakkov, M. Gulko. Design and Performance of an Electronic Ballast for High- Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamps. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 1997, 40 (4): 486-490
[36] 魏全禄，潘孟春．低频方波HID灯用电子镇流器的仿真分析[J]．灯与照明，2005．12(4)：31-36
[37] J. Zhao, M. Shen, M. Chen and Zh. M. Qian. A Novel Low Frequency Square Wave Electronic Ballast for Low Wattage HID Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Industrial Applications Conference. 2003, (1): 321-32
[38] M. Ponce, A, Lopez, J. Arau and J. M. Alsono. Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps with High Frequency Square Wave form to Avoid Aoustic Resonance. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 2001, (2): 658-663.
[39] J. M. Alonso, A. J. Calleja, E. Lopez and J. Cardesin. Analysis and Design of a HID Lamp Ballast with Sinusoidal Wave form Superposed with 3rd Harmonic. Proc. of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference. 2003, (3): 97-197
[40] L. Laskai, N. Prasadl. A Unity Power Factor Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1994, (1): 31-37
[41] L. Laskai, N. Prasadl. White-Noise Modulation of High-Frequency High-Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballasts. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Application. 1998, 34 (3): 597-605
[42] C. S. Moo, C. K. Huang and Y. N. Hsiao. High-Frequency Electronic Ballast with Auto-Tracking Control for Metal Halide Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 2003, (2): 1025-1029
[43] 刘刚．高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器的研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．7
[44] 沈淼森．高强度气体放电灯电子镇流器关键技术研究[D]．浙江大学硕士学位论文，2003．2
[45] 张伟强．高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器技术研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，2004．9
[46] 张伟强．单片机控制的可调光高压钠灯电子镇流器高压钠灯研究[J]．电气传动，2004．z1
[47] 路秋生．高频交流电子镇流器技术与应用[M]．人民邮电出版社，2004．4
[48] 张国荣，阮景义，苏建徽．太阳能低压钠灯电子镇流器及其控制的研究[J]．电力电子技术．2006．6：16-18
[49] Abraham I. Pressman. Switching Power Supply Design(Second Edition), McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1998
[50] 鲍志云．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器的研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2002．7
[51] 李晓强．可调光的高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2005．6
[2] 邵民杰．绿色照明工程的探讨与应用[J]．建筑电气，2004．z1
[3] 张信高．绿色照明及其在一般民用建筑设计中的应用[J]．能源与环境，2006
[4] 王玉香．高效高可靠低成本大功率高压钠灯电子镇流器设计[D]．北京工业大学硕士学位论文，2005．5
[5] 刘晨阳．气体放电灯电子镇流器关键技术的研究[D]．浙江大学博士学位论文，2005．4
[6] 苏建徽．光伏水泵系统及其控制的研究[D]．合肥工业大学博士论文，2003
[7] 路秋生．电子镇流器的设计与调光控制[M]．科学出版社，2005：329．331
[8] 林安中，王斯成．国内外太阳电池和光伏发电的进展与前景[J]．太阳能学报，1999(特刊)：68-71
[9] 吴瑞华，耿新华．非晶硅太阳电池述评[J]．太阳能学报，1999(特刊)：95-101
[10] 赵富鑫，魏彦章．太阳电池及其应用[M]．国防工业出版社，1985：83-84，207-213
[11] 陈尚伍等．高亮度LED太阳能路灯照明系统[J]．电力电子技术,2006．6：43-45
[12] 王飞等．具有MPPT功能的光伏充电系统的研究．太阳能学报[J]，2003．4：98-100
[13] 京特-莱纳，汉斯-卡尔著：余世杰，何慧若译．太阳能的光伏利用[R]．合肥工业大学，1991
[14] 王鹤，刘东社，杨宏．铅酸蓄电池的过充电保护与温度补偿[J]．西安交通大学学报，2001，35(12)：1310-1312
[15] 孙佩石等．带有最大功率点跟踪功能的光伏充电器[J]．可再生能源，2003．5
[16] 毛兴武，祝大卫．电子镇流器原理与制作[M]．人民邮电出版社，1999
[17] Yue-Quan Hu; Jun Zhang, Wei Chen, Chau-chun Wen. "Analysis and design of metal halide lamp igniter," IEEE PESC'2001, pp. 132-137
[18] John C. Pegg. Clive R. Walker, both of London, England, "Discharge lamp with starter circuit." US Patent 4, 165, 475, Aug.21, 1979
[19] 王卫．基于电荷泵技术的高强度气体放电灯电子镇流器研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士论文，2002．11
[20] 王卫等．基于IR2155的高压钠灯电子镇流器设计[J]．哈尔滨工业大学学报，2001 Vol33 No．6
[21] 林国庆等．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器研究[J]．电工电能新技术，2004．3
[22] Reatti and Wei Lin. High Power-Density Electronic Ballast for Automotive HID Lamp. IEEE Transactions on Industronics, 2002, 7(6): 128-132
[23] 王健强．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器关键技术研究及应用[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文．2004．9
[24] Yue-quan Hu, Jun zhang, Wei Chen, etc. Analysis and Design of Metal Halide Lamp Igniter. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001 (1): 132-137
[25] 周太明．光源原理与设计[M]．复旦大学出版社，1993
[26] Alberto Reatti. Low-Cost High Power-Density Electronic Ballast for Automotive HID Lamp. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2000, 15(2): 361-368
[27] 王云芳等．高强度气体放电灯HID灯声共振检测方法研究[J]．中国照明电器，2006，8
[28] H. Peng, S. Ratanapanachote, P. Enjeti. Evaluation of Acoustic Resonance in Metal Halide(MH) Lamps And An Approach to Detect Its Occurrence[A]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Second IAS Annual meeting[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1997: 2276-2283
[29] Laszlo laskai, Prasad N. Enjei, Ira J. Pitel. White-Noise Modulation of High-Frequency High-Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballasts [J]. IEEE Gansactions On Industry Applications, 1998, Vol. (3): 597-605
[30] Jo Olsen, Warren P. Moskowitz. Optical Measurement of Acoustic Resonance Frequencies in HID Lamps[A]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1997: 2263～2269
[31] J. Zhou, L. Ma and Z. Qian. A Novel Method for Testing Acoustic Resonance of HID Lamps[A]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition[C]. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1999: 480-485
[32] R. Schafer, H. -P. Stormherg. Investigatations on the fundamental Longitudinal Resonance of High Pressure Discharge Lamps [J]. J. Appl. Phys. 1982, 53(5): 3476-3480
[33] R. Redl, J. D. Paul. A New High-Frequency and High-Efficiency Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps Topology, Analysis, Design and Experimental Results. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999, (1): 486-492
[34] M. Gulko, S. B. Ysakov. A MHz Electronic Ballast for Automotive-Type HID Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 1997: 39-45
[35] S. B. Yakkov, M. Gulko. Design and Performance of an Electronic Ballast for High- Pressure Sodium (HPS) Lamps. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 1997, 40 (4): 486-490
[36] 魏全禄，潘孟春．低频方波HID灯用电子镇流器的仿真分析[J]．灯与照明，2005．12(4)：31-36
[37] J. Zhao, M. Shen, M. Chen and Zh. M. Qian. A Novel Low Frequency Square Wave Electronic Ballast for Low Wattage HID Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Industrial Applications Conference. 2003, (1): 321-32
[38] M. Ponce, A, Lopez, J. Arau and J. M. Alsono. Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps with High Frequency Square Wave form to Avoid Aoustic Resonance. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 2001, (2): 658-663.
[39] J. M. Alonso, A. J. Calleja, E. Lopez and J. Cardesin. Analysis and Design of a HID Lamp Ballast with Sinusoidal Wave form Superposed with 3rd Harmonic. Proc. of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference. 2003, (3): 97-197
[40] L. Laskai, N. Prasadl. A Unity Power Factor Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1994, (1): 31-37
[41] L. Laskai, N. Prasadl. White-Noise Modulation of High-Frequency High-Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballasts. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Application. 1998, 34 (3): 597-605
[42] C. S. Moo, C. K. Huang and Y. N. Hsiao. High-Frequency Electronic Ballast with Auto-Tracking Control for Metal Halide Lamps. Proc. of IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 2003, (2): 1025-1029
[43] 刘刚．高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器的研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．7
[44] 沈淼森．高强度气体放电灯电子镇流器关键技术研究[D]．浙江大学硕士学位论文，2003．2
[45] 张伟强．高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器技术研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，2004．9
[46] 张伟强．单片机控制的可调光高压钠灯电子镇流器高压钠灯研究[J]．电气传动，2004．z1
[47] 路秋生．高频交流电子镇流器技术与应用[M]．人民邮电出版社，2004．4
[48] 张国荣，阮景义，苏建徽．太阳能低压钠灯电子镇流器及其控制的研究[J]．电力电子技术．2006．6：16-18
[49] Abraham I. Pressman. Switching Power Supply Design(Second Edition), McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1998
[50] 鲍志云．金属卤化物灯电子镇流器的研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2002．7
[51] 李晓强．可调光的高压钠灯数字化电子镇流器研究[D]．哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文，2005．6
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