天线的电磁兼容问题及小型化多频段特性的研究
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摘要
近年来随着无线通信系统的迅猛发展,特别是移动通信和无线局域网的应用,对作为无线收发终端的天线提出了新的要求。一方面,在无线基站点对点通信中,随着天线数量的增加和频段的拓展,要求天线能够实现有效覆盖的同时兼具良好的电磁兼容特性,否则狭小的空间内密布多副天线,相互之间的干扰越来越严重,影响通信质量。另一方面,在终端中,要求天线可以在多个频段工作,并且具备小型化的特点,因此,抗干扰天线和小型化多频段天线的研究成为天线学科研究领域中的重要分支。
本论文综合上述要求,提出了设计具有良好电磁兼容特性的宽带定向天线的必要性,首次通过对锥形天线的加载实现了H面的定向性；同时,本论文也以宽带平面天线为基础,通过合理的变形和改进,设计和研究了应用于无线局域网的小型化宽频带和小型化多频段天线,并研究了与之相关的理论和技术,本文的主要工作及创新点如下：
1、首次提出短路加载双锥形天线的结构实现H面的定向性,该加载双锥形天线保留了圆锥天线宽频带的特性,可以实现信号的有效覆盖,同时H面方向图的非全向性也解决了天线间的干扰问题,安装时,将加载双锥天线的短路枝节方向对准无线信道内的电磁干扰源,便可以减小不同天线之间的互相影响。
2、为了进一步拓展频带并尽可能的减小天线尺寸,首次提出了短路加载的定向单锥结构的天线实现H面方向图的定向性,该加载单锥天线可以有效地覆盖1.7GHz-6.0GHz；同时在保留很宽的3dB波瓣宽度基础上,可以成功的避开频带内的干扰源,具有良好的电磁兼容特性,本文的仿真结果与实验测试结果吻合良好。且,通过不同单锥结构形式双天线间耦合度的计算,验证了本文设计的加载单锥天线的抗十扰特性。
3、综合应用添加寄生片法、短路法、偏置馈电法等多种方法,基于FDTD对宽带平面天线做了改进,天线顶部寄生单元的引入既拓展了频带又不增加天线的高度,通过合理设计短路片的结构和尺寸，设计了覆盖WLAN2.4GHz频段的加载宽带平面天线,该天线的不圆度约2dB,并对其进行了理论分析及测试研究。
4、通过缝隙加载WLAN2.4GHz单频段天线的水平寄生单元,设计了覆盖WLAN2.4GHz/5.2GHz双频段的宽带平面加载天线,其回波损耗小于-10dB的阻抗带宽在2.4GHz可达270MHz(2.3-2.57GHz),在5.2GHz可达300MHz(5.14-5.44GHz),实现了WLAN2.4-2.484GHz/5.15-5.35GHz的双频段覆盖。且,该天线在2.4GHz时的不圆度小于3dB。
5、通过缝隙加载WLAN2.4GHz天线的垂直辐射单元,合理地设计缝隙的形状及缝隙的尺寸,设计、制作、加工、测试了可以覆盖WLAN2.4/5.2/5.8GHz三个频段的宽带加载平面天线,实验结果表明这种新型的结构可以满足WLAN2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35/5.725-5.825GHz多频宽带覆盖的要求。
上述无线局域网天线均有小型化、全向性好、成本低、便于加工等诸多优点。本文研究的抗干扰定向锥形天线和无线局域网多频段天线,其研究成果在通信领域有着广阔的应用前景。
In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication systems, especially mobile communications and WLAN applications, the antenna as a wireless transmitter and receiver terminal is proposed new requirements. On the one hand, with the increase of antenna in quantity and frequency extending, antenna is required to achieve effective coverage and to be good electromagnetic compatibility. Otherwise, the interference between antennas in limited space is more serious, which will affect the quality of communication. On the other hand, in receiver terminal, the antenna is required to work in multi-band and has small feature. Therefore, the Anti-interference broadband antenna and multi-band miniaturization antenna are becoming important research topics.
Based on the above requirements, broadband directional antenna with good electromagnetic compatibility characteristics is proposed firstly in this paper. Through loading technology to realize the H surface directional of conical antenna. Moreover, the thesis is mainly on the topic of miniaturization and broadband characteristics for WLAN antenna. Small multi-band antennas on the basis of broadband planar antenna are designed through deformation and improvement, and the related theory and technology is studied. Content and innovation in the dissertation are as follows:
(1) A novel broadband loaded biconical antenna is designed firstly to realize directional radiation pattern in H-plane. The shorted biconical antenna retains the characteristics of wide3dB bandwidth to achieve effective coverage, and, it can solve the problem of Electromagnetic interference between antennas for its directional. Aim minimal radiation direction of the antenna at interference source to realize anti-interference.
(2) To expand frequency band and reduce antenna size as much as possible, a novel broadband loaded mono-cone antenna is designed firstly to realize directional radiation pattern in H-plane. Omni-directional cone antenna is made improvement by adding shorted stub to avoid electromagnetic interference sources. The3dB beamwidth in H-plane is wide and the return loss is less than-10dB within the frequency range of1.7-6.0GHz of this antenna. The acceptable agreement of measured and simulated results shows the kind of antenna has perfect pattern properties and input impedance.
(3) Based on FDTD, a novel broadband planar antenna with a bevel for WLAN2.4GHz has been improved by adding Short patch and parasitic elements. Two parasitic elements at the top of the antenna can not increase the height of antenna and can widen bandwidth. The loading broadband planar antenna is good omnidirectional in horizontal plane whose ripple is about2dB.The improved antenna is designed, simulated and verified.
(4) An improved broadband planar antenna with L-type slots in parasitic elements is presented. Compared with conventional planar antenna, this antenna can produce wider frequency bandwidth. It can be concluded from the good results of VSWR<2at2.3-2.57/5.14-5.44GHz, which could cover the WLAN dual-band of2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35GHz. This antenna is good omnidirectional in horizontal plane whose ripple is less than3dB.
(5) A novel shorted broadband planar antenna with L-type slot in the Vertical radiation element is proposed in the paper. The antenna could cover WLAN multi-band. It can be concluded from the good results of VSWR<2at2.3-2.52/5.12-5.86GHz, which could cover the working bands of IEEE802.11a/b/g2.4/5.2/5.8GHz (2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35/5.725-5.825GHz). Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna is of good application potential in WLAN system.
All WLAN antennas presented here have advantages of compact, omni-directional, low-cost, ease of processing and so on. The results show that the anti-interference conical antenna and loaded broadband planar antenna for WLAN have great potential in practical application.
本论文综合上述要求,提出了设计具有良好电磁兼容特性的宽带定向天线的必要性,首次通过对锥形天线的加载实现了H面的定向性；同时,本论文也以宽带平面天线为基础,通过合理的变形和改进,设计和研究了应用于无线局域网的小型化宽频带和小型化多频段天线,并研究了与之相关的理论和技术,本文的主要工作及创新点如下：
1、首次提出短路加载双锥形天线的结构实现H面的定向性,该加载双锥形天线保留了圆锥天线宽频带的特性,可以实现信号的有效覆盖,同时H面方向图的非全向性也解决了天线间的干扰问题,安装时,将加载双锥天线的短路枝节方向对准无线信道内的电磁干扰源,便可以减小不同天线之间的互相影响。
2、为了进一步拓展频带并尽可能的减小天线尺寸,首次提出了短路加载的定向单锥结构的天线实现H面方向图的定向性,该加载单锥天线可以有效地覆盖1.7GHz-6.0GHz；同时在保留很宽的3dB波瓣宽度基础上,可以成功的避开频带内的干扰源,具有良好的电磁兼容特性,本文的仿真结果与实验测试结果吻合良好。且,通过不同单锥结构形式双天线间耦合度的计算,验证了本文设计的加载单锥天线的抗十扰特性。
3、综合应用添加寄生片法、短路法、偏置馈电法等多种方法,基于FDTD对宽带平面天线做了改进,天线顶部寄生单元的引入既拓展了频带又不增加天线的高度,通过合理设计短路片的结构和尺寸，设计了覆盖WLAN2.4GHz频段的加载宽带平面天线,该天线的不圆度约2dB,并对其进行了理论分析及测试研究。
4、通过缝隙加载WLAN2.4GHz单频段天线的水平寄生单元,设计了覆盖WLAN2.4GHz/5.2GHz双频段的宽带平面加载天线,其回波损耗小于-10dB的阻抗带宽在2.4GHz可达270MHz(2.3-2.57GHz),在5.2GHz可达300MHz(5.14-5.44GHz),实现了WLAN2.4-2.484GHz/5.15-5.35GHz的双频段覆盖。且,该天线在2.4GHz时的不圆度小于3dB。
5、通过缝隙加载WLAN2.4GHz天线的垂直辐射单元,合理地设计缝隙的形状及缝隙的尺寸,设计、制作、加工、测试了可以覆盖WLAN2.4/5.2/5.8GHz三个频段的宽带加载平面天线,实验结果表明这种新型的结构可以满足WLAN2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35/5.725-5.825GHz多频宽带覆盖的要求。
上述无线局域网天线均有小型化、全向性好、成本低、便于加工等诸多优点。本文研究的抗干扰定向锥形天线和无线局域网多频段天线,其研究成果在通信领域有着广阔的应用前景。
In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication systems, especially mobile communications and WLAN applications, the antenna as a wireless transmitter and receiver terminal is proposed new requirements. On the one hand, with the increase of antenna in quantity and frequency extending, antenna is required to achieve effective coverage and to be good electromagnetic compatibility. Otherwise, the interference between antennas in limited space is more serious, which will affect the quality of communication. On the other hand, in receiver terminal, the antenna is required to work in multi-band and has small feature. Therefore, the Anti-interference broadband antenna and multi-band miniaturization antenna are becoming important research topics.
Based on the above requirements, broadband directional antenna with good electromagnetic compatibility characteristics is proposed firstly in this paper. Through loading technology to realize the H surface directional of conical antenna. Moreover, the thesis is mainly on the topic of miniaturization and broadband characteristics for WLAN antenna. Small multi-band antennas on the basis of broadband planar antenna are designed through deformation and improvement, and the related theory and technology is studied. Content and innovation in the dissertation are as follows:
(1) A novel broadband loaded biconical antenna is designed firstly to realize directional radiation pattern in H-plane. The shorted biconical antenna retains the characteristics of wide3dB bandwidth to achieve effective coverage, and, it can solve the problem of Electromagnetic interference between antennas for its directional. Aim minimal radiation direction of the antenna at interference source to realize anti-interference.
(2) To expand frequency band and reduce antenna size as much as possible, a novel broadband loaded mono-cone antenna is designed firstly to realize directional radiation pattern in H-plane. Omni-directional cone antenna is made improvement by adding shorted stub to avoid electromagnetic interference sources. The3dB beamwidth in H-plane is wide and the return loss is less than-10dB within the frequency range of1.7-6.0GHz of this antenna. The acceptable agreement of measured and simulated results shows the kind of antenna has perfect pattern properties and input impedance.
(3) Based on FDTD, a novel broadband planar antenna with a bevel for WLAN2.4GHz has been improved by adding Short patch and parasitic elements. Two parasitic elements at the top of the antenna can not increase the height of antenna and can widen bandwidth. The loading broadband planar antenna is good omnidirectional in horizontal plane whose ripple is about2dB.The improved antenna is designed, simulated and verified.
(4) An improved broadband planar antenna with L-type slots in parasitic elements is presented. Compared with conventional planar antenna, this antenna can produce wider frequency bandwidth. It can be concluded from the good results of VSWR<2at2.3-2.57/5.14-5.44GHz, which could cover the WLAN dual-band of2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35GHz. This antenna is good omnidirectional in horizontal plane whose ripple is less than3dB.
(5) A novel shorted broadband planar antenna with L-type slot in the Vertical radiation element is proposed in the paper. The antenna could cover WLAN multi-band. It can be concluded from the good results of VSWR<2at2.3-2.52/5.12-5.86GHz, which could cover the working bands of IEEE802.11a/b/g2.4/5.2/5.8GHz (2.4-2.484/5.15-5.35/5.725-5.825GHz). Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna is of good application potential in WLAN system.
All WLAN antennas presented here have advantages of compact, omni-directional, low-cost, ease of processing and so on. The results show that the anti-interference conical antenna and loaded broadband planar antenna for WLAN have great potential in practical application.
引文
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