超宽带天线与相控阵天线系统研究
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摘要
随着无线通信技术的快速发展,对于各种天线也提出了越来越高的要求。一方面,室内高速无线数据接入技术的兴起对超宽频带天线提出了广泛需求。同时,由于在超宽带通信系统的工作频段范围内,还存在诸如无线局域网(WLAN)、全球微波互联接入(WiMAX)等通信系统,为了降低不同通信系统之间的相互干扰,具有陷波特性的超宽带天线近来获得了广泛关注。
相控阵天线具有反应迅速、灵敏、准确,同时可以探测、识别和跟踪多个目标等特点,是一种十分先进的多功能综合天线。可用于几乎所有的军用雷达系统,此外在空中交通管制,气象预测预报等领域的民用事业中也有广阔的用武之地。
连续切向节(CTS)天线作为一种新型天线,具有许多优点,有着广阔的应用前景。
本文对超宽带天线、相控阵天线系统以及CTS天线做了一些研究。主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1.研究了一种超宽带天线及三种超宽带双陷波天线的设计实现方法。提出一种月牙形结构的印刷单极天线,并通过调整月牙形结构的各项参数,使天线获得了理想的阻抗带宽;在此天线的结构基础上,通过在辐射体上开U形槽或引入缺陷地结构(DGS)两种方法结合设计了三种双陷波天线,着重分析了U形槽或DGS结构参数变化对陷波性能的影响。对以上几种天线制作了实物,并对其驻波比及辐射特性进行了测量,实测结果与仿真结果一致性较好。
2.研究了一种共形低副瓣无源相控阵天线系统。设计了一种结构简单的印刷振子天线单元,并组成线阵实现了低副瓣以及扫描特性;设计了一种分形结构的微带天线单元,有效减小了天线尺寸;提出一种结构新颖的小型化功分器结构,通过引入微带开路以及短路枝节,缩小了功分器的体积,且具有谐波抑制功能;利用DGS设计了一种微带带通滤波器,该滤波器可以对其寄生通带加以抑制,测试性能良好;对该系统馈电网络中的移相器及衰减器电路进行了设计,测试性能良好;最后对整个相控阵天线系统进行了测试,结果满足设计要求。
3.研究了一种Ku频段低轮廓小型化相控阵天线系统。设计了双H开槽口径耦合微带天线单元,测试结果满足设计要求;设计了一种新型的口径耦合天线单元,仿真结果表明其具有宽带,高隔离度等性能;设计了并馈及串并馈结合的微带功分器,从测试结果比较了两者的优缺点;对该系统馈电网络中的移相器及衰减器电路做了设计,测试结果表明其性能良好;针对该通信系统的极化失配问题提出一种有效的有源变极化方案,通过控制双极化单元两端馈电幅度大小,实现极化跟踪,减小极化失配,并通过实验验证了该方案;最后结合设计要求对于整个阵列进行了综合,并给出了整个阵列的方向图以及扫描特性。
4.研究了一种新型的CTS天线,该天线可以实现小型化,低剖面,低成本,共形等特性,是一种性能优越的相控阵单元形式。对单个天线单元特性做了仿真分析,通过改变单元各个参数研究其对辐射特性的影响;在分析单元的基础上,仿真设计了5元阵,且对各单元尺寸进行简单综合得到低副瓣;并通过填充铁电材料实现了E面扫描;设计了5×5阵列,实现了良好的双线极化以及圆极化。
With the fast development of wireless communication technology, higher and higher demands have been put forward for various antennas. On one hand, the rise of the indoor high-speed wireless data access technology calls for the ultra-wideband antennas. Meanwhile, to avoid the interference between ultra-wideband (UWB) system and some other existing communication systems, such as WLAN and WiMAX, the UWB antennas should be band-notched.
Phased array antenna is responsive, sensitive, accurate and can detect, identify and track multiple targets, so it is a very advanced multi-functional integrated antenna. It can be used almost in all of the military radar system, in addition to the air traffic control, weather forecasting in civilian areas.
Continuous transverse stub (CTS) has many advantages as a new antenna, it has a vast arena.
The dissertation makes deeply insight to UWB antennas, phased array antenna system and CTS antenna. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. The design and realization of a type of UWB antenna and three UWB double band-notched antennas are presented. A crescent microstrip-fed printed UWB antenna is proposed. By adjusting the parameters of the antenna, the antenna yields ideal impedance bandwidth. Based on this UWB antenna, three types of double band-notched UWB antenna are designed through etching U-shaped slot in the radiation plane or defected ground structure (DGS), the influence of their parameters on band-notched characteristic is analyzed. Finally, all the antennas mentioned above are fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with simulated ones.
2. A conformal low side-lobe passive phased array antenna system has been studied. A simple and wideband printed dipole is designed, then a linear array is also presented based on this element, and the low sidelobe and beam scanning is realized. A fractal microstrip antenna is proposed to reduce the antenna size. A novel and compact power divider is presented by introducing microstrip open-ended and short-ended stubs to reduce the size and suppress the harmonics. A type of microstrip band-pass filter with DGS is designed to suppress the parasitic pass-band and the measured results agree well with the simulated ones. Then the design of digital phase shifter and attenuator applied in feeding work is given, the measured results are well. At last, the phased array antenna is measured in the anechoic chamber, and the results could meet the design requirements.
3. A Ku band low profile and compact phased array antenna system has been studied. A double H-slot aperture-coupled microstrip antenna is presented and the measured results meet the requirements. A new aperture-coupled wideband micristrip element is proposed and the simulation results show it has wider bandwidth and higher isolation. Two types of microstrip divider are designed and fabricated, the measured results show their own advantages and disadvantages. Then the digital phase shifter and attenuator used in feeding network are designed and measured, the measured results are well. And an effective active variable polarization method is put forward to solve the problem of polarization mismatch, it can achieve polarization tracking and decrease the polarization mismatch by controlling the antenna element amplitude of the two ports, and the method is verified by the experiment. Finally, the array synthesis is done according to the specification, the array radiation pattern and the scanning characteristic is given.
4. A type of CTS antenna is presented. The antenna can realize miniaturization, low profile, low cost, conformal properties and it is a very promising candidate phased array antenna element. The antenna characteristic is analyzed by changing its parameters. Then a 5 element array is designed and the parameters of the CTS element are synthesized to achieve low side-lobe. Based on the former synthesized array, the array realizes scanning by virtue of ferroelectric material. At last, a 5×5 CTS array achieves good dual linear polarization and circular polarization.
相控阵天线具有反应迅速、灵敏、准确,同时可以探测、识别和跟踪多个目标等特点,是一种十分先进的多功能综合天线。可用于几乎所有的军用雷达系统,此外在空中交通管制,气象预测预报等领域的民用事业中也有广阔的用武之地。
连续切向节(CTS)天线作为一种新型天线,具有许多优点,有着广阔的应用前景。
本文对超宽带天线、相控阵天线系统以及CTS天线做了一些研究。主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1.研究了一种超宽带天线及三种超宽带双陷波天线的设计实现方法。提出一种月牙形结构的印刷单极天线,并通过调整月牙形结构的各项参数,使天线获得了理想的阻抗带宽;在此天线的结构基础上,通过在辐射体上开U形槽或引入缺陷地结构(DGS)两种方法结合设计了三种双陷波天线,着重分析了U形槽或DGS结构参数变化对陷波性能的影响。对以上几种天线制作了实物,并对其驻波比及辐射特性进行了测量,实测结果与仿真结果一致性较好。
2.研究了一种共形低副瓣无源相控阵天线系统。设计了一种结构简单的印刷振子天线单元,并组成线阵实现了低副瓣以及扫描特性;设计了一种分形结构的微带天线单元,有效减小了天线尺寸;提出一种结构新颖的小型化功分器结构,通过引入微带开路以及短路枝节,缩小了功分器的体积,且具有谐波抑制功能;利用DGS设计了一种微带带通滤波器,该滤波器可以对其寄生通带加以抑制,测试性能良好;对该系统馈电网络中的移相器及衰减器电路进行了设计,测试性能良好;最后对整个相控阵天线系统进行了测试,结果满足设计要求。
3.研究了一种Ku频段低轮廓小型化相控阵天线系统。设计了双H开槽口径耦合微带天线单元,测试结果满足设计要求;设计了一种新型的口径耦合天线单元,仿真结果表明其具有宽带,高隔离度等性能;设计了并馈及串并馈结合的微带功分器,从测试结果比较了两者的优缺点;对该系统馈电网络中的移相器及衰减器电路做了设计,测试结果表明其性能良好;针对该通信系统的极化失配问题提出一种有效的有源变极化方案,通过控制双极化单元两端馈电幅度大小,实现极化跟踪,减小极化失配,并通过实验验证了该方案;最后结合设计要求对于整个阵列进行了综合,并给出了整个阵列的方向图以及扫描特性。
4.研究了一种新型的CTS天线,该天线可以实现小型化,低剖面,低成本,共形等特性,是一种性能优越的相控阵单元形式。对单个天线单元特性做了仿真分析,通过改变单元各个参数研究其对辐射特性的影响;在分析单元的基础上,仿真设计了5元阵,且对各单元尺寸进行简单综合得到低副瓣;并通过填充铁电材料实现了E面扫描;设计了5×5阵列,实现了良好的双线极化以及圆极化。
With the fast development of wireless communication technology, higher and higher demands have been put forward for various antennas. On one hand, the rise of the indoor high-speed wireless data access technology calls for the ultra-wideband antennas. Meanwhile, to avoid the interference between ultra-wideband (UWB) system and some other existing communication systems, such as WLAN and WiMAX, the UWB antennas should be band-notched.
Phased array antenna is responsive, sensitive, accurate and can detect, identify and track multiple targets, so it is a very advanced multi-functional integrated antenna. It can be used almost in all of the military radar system, in addition to the air traffic control, weather forecasting in civilian areas.
Continuous transverse stub (CTS) has many advantages as a new antenna, it has a vast arena.
The dissertation makes deeply insight to UWB antennas, phased array antenna system and CTS antenna. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. The design and realization of a type of UWB antenna and three UWB double band-notched antennas are presented. A crescent microstrip-fed printed UWB antenna is proposed. By adjusting the parameters of the antenna, the antenna yields ideal impedance bandwidth. Based on this UWB antenna, three types of double band-notched UWB antenna are designed through etching U-shaped slot in the radiation plane or defected ground structure (DGS), the influence of their parameters on band-notched characteristic is analyzed. Finally, all the antennas mentioned above are fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with simulated ones.
2. A conformal low side-lobe passive phased array antenna system has been studied. A simple and wideband printed dipole is designed, then a linear array is also presented based on this element, and the low sidelobe and beam scanning is realized. A fractal microstrip antenna is proposed to reduce the antenna size. A novel and compact power divider is presented by introducing microstrip open-ended and short-ended stubs to reduce the size and suppress the harmonics. A type of microstrip band-pass filter with DGS is designed to suppress the parasitic pass-band and the measured results agree well with the simulated ones. Then the design of digital phase shifter and attenuator applied in feeding work is given, the measured results are well. At last, the phased array antenna is measured in the anechoic chamber, and the results could meet the design requirements.
3. A Ku band low profile and compact phased array antenna system has been studied. A double H-slot aperture-coupled microstrip antenna is presented and the measured results meet the requirements. A new aperture-coupled wideband micristrip element is proposed and the simulation results show it has wider bandwidth and higher isolation. Two types of microstrip divider are designed and fabricated, the measured results show their own advantages and disadvantages. Then the digital phase shifter and attenuator used in feeding network are designed and measured, the measured results are well. And an effective active variable polarization method is put forward to solve the problem of polarization mismatch, it can achieve polarization tracking and decrease the polarization mismatch by controlling the antenna element amplitude of the two ports, and the method is verified by the experiment. Finally, the array synthesis is done according to the specification, the array radiation pattern and the scanning characteristic is given.
4. A type of CTS antenna is presented. The antenna can realize miniaturization, low profile, low cost, conformal properties and it is a very promising candidate phased array antenna element. The antenna characteristic is analyzed by changing its parameters. Then a 5 element array is designed and the parameters of the CTS element are synthesized to achieve low side-lobe. Based on the former synthesized array, the array realizes scanning by virtue of ferroelectric material. At last, a 5×5 CTS array achieves good dual linear polarization and circular polarization.
引文
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