基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产管理研究
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摘要
“源之于民、用之于民”,非经营性国有资产是社会主义上层建筑赖以存在的物质基础。在社会管理、公共服务、社会保障、国防安全、科学技术等领域,由国家行政机关和非企业化事业单位占有的非经营性国有资产为社会公众的民生需求提供了物质支持。以公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展的民生经济制度是我国政府主导民生利益发展道路的中国特色,非经营性国有资产正是民生经济制度的重要物质构成。从民生视角审视非经营性国有资产管理问题对于推进非经营性国有资产产权制度和管理体制改革,稳固和发展民生经济制度具有重大理论和现实意义；同时有利于加紧解决当前社会事业发展面临的资源需求性矛盾和结构性矛盾并存难题。我国正在面临教育、医疗卫生等多项重大社会改革,客观上为非经营性国有资产管理研究提供了研究契机和空间。
从教育、医疗卫生等民生领域的资产分布情况看,非经营性国有资产占绝大部分比重,为实现民生权利与社会公平提供了物质支持；然而非经营性国有资产利用效率低下、闲置浪费严重、资产收益部门化甚至个人化等问题不仅加剧了民生领域的资源需求性矛盾和结构性矛盾,也影响到民生经济制度在保障和改善民生方面的优越性。非经营性国有资产管理与民生问题密切相关,坚持具有中国特色的民生利益发展道路就必须要重视非经营性国有资产管理研究。当前非经营性国有资产分布广泛、管理分散、问题复杂以及产权虚置等问题,客观上增加了非经营性国有资产研究的困难；另一方面,国内理论界比较重视经营性国有资产管理的研究、而忽视非经营性国有资产管理的研究,特别是从民生视角研究非经营性国有资产管理的文献更为少见。本文的研究试图弥补这一薄弱环节,从民生视角对非经营性国有资产管理的理论与实践问题进行探讨。
文章以马克思主义民生理论、现代福利经济学和基金理论等为理论依据,采用规范分析和比较研究相结合的方法,论证我国民生利益发展模式及民生经济制度的必要性,强调了完善非经营性国有资产产权制度和管理机制的重要意义,并提出了非经营性国有资产管理视角、主体、原则、目标、绩效等概念；通过实证方法论证了非经营性国有资产配置和运行中的公平与效率问题,并在此基础上构建了非经营性国有资产绩效框架；最后提出了相关建议。文章对于优化非经营性国有资产管理机制、制定相关政策提供理论支持和经验证据；希望能为稳定和巩固民生经济制度、促进社会事业发展提供智力支持。
本文共有七章,各章写作具体安排如下：
第一章是导论。介绍研究背景和研究意义,阐述研究思路和拟解决的问题,说明研究方法并确定研究框架和各章的写作安排,界定研究中的主要概念。
第二章是文献综述。围绕民生和非经营性国有资产管理及绩效三个概念进行了国内外相关文献的综述,系统总结其研究成果,并进行研究评价,从中发现和寻找研究机会和研究方向。
第三章是理论基础与制度背景。首先,从马克思学说、福利经济学以及基金理论等中寻找非经营性国有资产管理研究的理论支持。其次,比较东西方社会政治经济文化对民生利益发展模式的影响,回顾现代国家福利制度沿革,并以医疗卫生领域为案例阐述资源配置和运行要适应经济发展水平与民生需求。最后,论证了我国民生利益发展模式及民生经济制度的必要性和特殊性,特别阐明了非经营性国有资产管理与民生问题的关系。
第四章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产配置研究。从资产规模、分布以及资金配置渠道等介绍了我国非经营性国有资产状况,阐述了资产配置与社会事业发展的关系。其次,运用Pryor(1969)模型验证了非经营性国有资产财政配置规模与民生需求之间存在长期稳定均衡,体现了非经营性国有资产配置中的政府责任。第三,运用泰尔指数法说明了义务教育领域的非经营性国有资产配置公平性,表明地区配置能力对于公平性具有影响。最后,检验了31个省份的社会事业领域中固定资产投资与政府配置规模之间的关系,结果发现：①非经营性国有资产财政配置存在挤入效应；②政府主导模式下,社会其他投资意愿与民生需求之间存在负相关。本文认为非经营性国有资产配置总体上体现了政府责任性与配置公平性,但要重视民生领域社会资源配置的效率问题。
第五章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产运行研究-医疗卫生服务领域的实证证据。首先,解释了公共服务类国有资产价值运动循环,论证了国有资产运行与人民群众健康权益的关系。其次,运用医疗卫生领域31个省份面板数据,采用CD模型检验了我国医疗卫生服务领域固定资产投入处于规模递增阶段,从效率观点看,出资人和资产占有使用者会有增加资产规模的动机；进一步比较营利性目标函数和非营利性目标函数的检验结果发现：①固定资产投入与医院业务收入具有正相关,但未能证明它与业务量之间的关系；②财政补偿收入与医院业务收入和业务量之间存在负相关。由于受到财政补偿以及债务政策限制,医院会依赖结余资金配置资产,实证研究也证实了业务收入对于资产规模增长具有显著影响。本文认为,非经营性国有资产运行中同时表现出营利性特征和非营利性特征,通过业务收入扩大资产规模可能符合效率性要求,但却是导致非经营性国有资产运行偏离非营利性的重要因素。
第六章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产绩效研究。阐述了非经营性国有资产绩效与民生问题的关系,构建了资产绩效框架,研究了资产绩效的影响路径、维度及指标,特别对影响非经营性国有资产绩效的效率机理进行了说明,并探讨了如何在非经营性国有资产配置和运行中的坚持公平与效率辩证统一。
第七章是提出了完善非经营性国有资产管理机制的建议。同时,对论文研究存在的不足进行说明,指出有待进一步研究的方向。
本文研究的主要创新点体现在以下几个方面：
①本文构建了基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产管理的研究框架,提出以公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展的民生经济制度,是政府主导民生利益发展模式的基本制度；非经营性国有资产作为民生经济制度的重要物资构成,具有保障民生需求和调控民生资源的作用。以非经营性国有资产为价值纽带、联系“社会公众-政府-公共部门”的民生需求和民生经济关系,不断完善非经营性国有资产产权制度和管理机制,对于保障和改善民生利益具有重要意义。
②文章提出非经营性国有资产管理要坚持公平与效率辩证统一原则,实现“保值增效”的管理目标：实现非经营性国有资产配置在规模、分布、类型等方面与民生需求的合理有效匹配；确保非经营性国有资产在实物使用和价值运动过程中服务民生利益；有效协调公有制经济与非公有制经济的共同发展,引导更多民间资本进入民生领域。
③文章在研究方法上坚持了规范研究范式,不仅采用了比较研究方法,而且尝试跨越学科界限、以ASD模型思路确立了研究架构；通过对教育、医疗卫生等领域的非经营性国有资产配置和运行情况进行实证分析,获得了有关公平性、效率性、非营利性等方面有价值的实证证据。
④文章以配置和运行为路径构建了非经营性国有资产绩效框架,阐述了绩效系统、影响路径、绩效维度以及效率机理,特别探讨了非经营性国有资产效率在国有资产配置和运行中的作用以及如何兼顾公平与效率的问题。
⑤文章提出当前社会事业发展面临的资源需求性矛盾和结构性矛盾共存难题,迫切要求加强非经营国有资产统一管理监督。文章提出了完善非经营性国有资产管理机制的政策建议,包括构建非经营性国有资产多元化形成机制、宏观调控机制、资产监督机制与资产评价机制等。
"Take from the people and use for people", non-operating state-owned assets(NSA) are the material base which the socialistic superstructure rely on. These NSA provide people's livelihood interests with material supports, which government departments and non-enterprise institutions possess of in the field of social management, public services, social security, national defense and security, as well as science and technology. With characteristics of public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of diversified economic elements, the economic system of people's livelihood are the major feature of government-led mode of people's wellbeing development, which NSA are material composition of it. Research on management of NSA from the perspective of people's livelihood has great theoretical and practical significance, to promote NSA reform of the property system and management mechanism and to stabilize and consolidate the economic system of people's livelihood; while being useful for speeding up to solve the coexistence problem between resource needs of contradictions and structural imbalance in social career fields. Research opportunities and spaces of NSA are provided by series of major social reforms in contemporary era.
From the asset-allocation condition of education, health and other livelihood domain, NSA have occupied the vast majority of proportion and supported materially the economic system of people's livelihood in protecting people's livelihood rights and social equity; nevertheless, not only the coexistence problem in livelihood areas had been exacerbated, but also the superiority of the economic system could have been damaged by inefficient use, waste and even corruption of NSA. The NSA management is closely related to people's livelihood, to which it is necessary to attach importance on upholding the Chinese-characteristic mode of people's wellbeing development. Currently, objective difficults exist in researching of NSA, due to some special status such as widely distributed, decentralized management, management complexity and property right empty; In addition, domestic theoretical circles emphasize research on operation state-owned assets management, while ignoring the research on non-operating state-owned asset management research, especially from the people's livelihood perspective of NSA management literature even more rarely. This study attempts to compensate the insufficient, and to explore the theory and practice of NSA management from people's livelihood perspective.
Based theoretically on the Marxist theory,the modern welfare economics and the fund theory, at the same time applying the combination method of normative analysis and comparative study, the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of the development mode and the economic system of people's livelihood, emphasize the importance of improving property system and management mechanism of NSA, and propose some points on perspective, subject, principle, objective and performance of NSA management; with empirical method to study on equity and efficiency in asset allocation and value-running, and construct performance framework of NSA according to foregoing research; finally to put forward relevant recommendations. The paper is helpful to optimize the management mechanism of NSA and provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for formulating policies, as well as being intellectual support to stabilize and consolidate the economic system of people's livelihood.
This paper consists of seven chapters. Major contents of each chapter are outline as follows.
Chapter1is the introduction, which briefly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, describes research contents and their structural arrangement, explains research methods employed by this paper, and summarizes the points of research innovation.
Chapter2is the literature review. It systematically summarizes and makes comments on the relevant literatures home and abroad related to people's livelihood, management and performance of non-operating state-owned assets. It identifies the research opportunities through literature review, being prerequisite for the following research.
Chapter3addresses the theoretical analysis and system background. The first part discusses the theoretical basis of NSA management, including Marxist theory, welfare economics, fund theory and other theories. Then compares the different development-mode of people's livelihood impacted by the system of society, politics and economy in the east world and the west world; reviews the evolution of the modem-state welfare system, and argues that resource allocation and value-running should adapt to economic development and people's livelihood interests with taking health industry for example. The third part demonstrates the necessity and particularity of the development mode and the economic system of people's livelihood, and clarifies the relationship between NSA management and livelihood issues.
Chapter4analyzes NSA allocation based on people's livelihood. Firstly introduces asset size, distribution, financing channels and other conditions of NSA, and sets forth the relationship between asset allocation and development of social undertaking. Secondly, the long-term stable equilibrium between the asset size of financial allocation and people's needs is testified with applying Pryor model(1969), and reflects the government responsibility in NSA allocation. Thirdly, the Theil index of NSA in compulsory education phase shows allocation fairness impacted by the ability of region configuration ability. The fourth part verifies the relationship between fixed-asset investment and government configuration with31provinces data form social undertaking, and finds that:①government configuration brings about crowding-in effect,②affected by government-led model, it is negative correlation between social investment willingness and people's needs. The article believes it responsible and fare in NSA allocation, but should attach importance to the efficient problem of resource allocation in people's livelihood area.
Chapter5discusses the NSA value-running based on people's livelihood-empirical evidence from health industry. The first part explains the concept of asset value-cycling of state-owned assets in public service industry, and demonstrates the relationship between asset value-cycling and people's health interests. Then applies the panel data of31provinces and CD model to verify that fixed-asset investments of health industry are placed in the increased return to scale, and to infer that government investor and asset possessor or user should have efficient motivation to increase asset size; further compares test results between for-profit objective function and non-profit objective function:①fixed-asset investment has positive effect on hospital operating income and failed to prove the relationship between it and service volume.②financial compensation income has negative effect on hospital operating income and service volume. Due to policy constraints of financial compensation and debt, hospitals are used to relying on self-pooled fund to asset-expanding, meanwhile the empirical study confirms that the operating revenue has a significant impaction on asset increasing. The paper deduces characteristics of for-profit and non-profit coexist in NSA value-operation, and asset-expanding promoted by operating income may comply with efficient principle, but it is highly possible to result in asset-cycling deviating from non-profit orientation.
Chapter6discusses the NSA performance based on people's livelihood. The section states the importance of NSA performance to people's livelihood, and builds the framework of asset performance, including impact pathway, dimensions and indicator, especially describing efficiency mechanism of NSA performance. The ending part explores how to adhere to both fairness and efficiency in process of NSA allocation and value-operation.
Chapter7is policy proposals to improve the NSA management mechanism. In the meantime points out the dissertation's shortage and further research directions.
The innovation points of this dissertation are mainly embodied in the following aspects:
(1) this dissertation constructs the NSA management research framework based on people's livelihood, to propose the economic system of people's livelihood are the major feature of government-led mode of people's wellbeing development, with characteristics of public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of diversified economic elements; as the material composition of it, NSA possess of functions of safeguarding people's livelihood and collocate resources. NSA seem like value-link to connect people's needs and economic relations among people, government and public sector, thus constantly to improve property system and management mechanism of NSA have great significance on protecting and improving people's livelihood.
(2) this dissertation presents NSA management should adhere to both fairness and efficiency and strive to comply with the principle of "value retaining and increment performance":to allocate effectively size, distribution, type of NSA to match people's reasonable needs; to ensure the masses beneficial from using and value-cycling of NSA; to coordinate the development of both the public economy and non-public economy, and channel more private capital into the livelihood areas.
(3) this dissertation follows the normative research method, includling comparative study and with ASD modle to attempt to transcend disciplinary boundaries; makes empirical research on NSA allocation and value-running in education, health and other livelihood areas, delightedly catching some valuable empirical evidences on fairness, efficiency and nonprofit.
(4) this dissertation builds the framework of asset performance, and describes impact pathway, dimensions and efficiency mechanism, particularly explaining the efficiency's role in allocation and value-cycling of NSA and how to balance fairness and efficiency.
(5) this dissertation points out the urgent requirement is to strengthen unified management and supervision of NSA, generated by the coexistence problem between resource needs of contradictions and structural imbalance in social career fields. Thus puts forward policy proposals to improve the NSA management mechanism, including diversification allocation mechanism, macro-control mechanism, oversight mechanism and performance evaluation mechanism.
从教育、医疗卫生等民生领域的资产分布情况看,非经营性国有资产占绝大部分比重,为实现民生权利与社会公平提供了物质支持；然而非经营性国有资产利用效率低下、闲置浪费严重、资产收益部门化甚至个人化等问题不仅加剧了民生领域的资源需求性矛盾和结构性矛盾,也影响到民生经济制度在保障和改善民生方面的优越性。非经营性国有资产管理与民生问题密切相关,坚持具有中国特色的民生利益发展道路就必须要重视非经营性国有资产管理研究。当前非经营性国有资产分布广泛、管理分散、问题复杂以及产权虚置等问题,客观上增加了非经营性国有资产研究的困难；另一方面,国内理论界比较重视经营性国有资产管理的研究、而忽视非经营性国有资产管理的研究,特别是从民生视角研究非经营性国有资产管理的文献更为少见。本文的研究试图弥补这一薄弱环节,从民生视角对非经营性国有资产管理的理论与实践问题进行探讨。
文章以马克思主义民生理论、现代福利经济学和基金理论等为理论依据,采用规范分析和比较研究相结合的方法,论证我国民生利益发展模式及民生经济制度的必要性,强调了完善非经营性国有资产产权制度和管理机制的重要意义,并提出了非经营性国有资产管理视角、主体、原则、目标、绩效等概念；通过实证方法论证了非经营性国有资产配置和运行中的公平与效率问题,并在此基础上构建了非经营性国有资产绩效框架；最后提出了相关建议。文章对于优化非经营性国有资产管理机制、制定相关政策提供理论支持和经验证据；希望能为稳定和巩固民生经济制度、促进社会事业发展提供智力支持。
本文共有七章,各章写作具体安排如下：
第一章是导论。介绍研究背景和研究意义,阐述研究思路和拟解决的问题,说明研究方法并确定研究框架和各章的写作安排,界定研究中的主要概念。
第二章是文献综述。围绕民生和非经营性国有资产管理及绩效三个概念进行了国内外相关文献的综述,系统总结其研究成果,并进行研究评价,从中发现和寻找研究机会和研究方向。
第三章是理论基础与制度背景。首先,从马克思学说、福利经济学以及基金理论等中寻找非经营性国有资产管理研究的理论支持。其次,比较东西方社会政治经济文化对民生利益发展模式的影响,回顾现代国家福利制度沿革,并以医疗卫生领域为案例阐述资源配置和运行要适应经济发展水平与民生需求。最后,论证了我国民生利益发展模式及民生经济制度的必要性和特殊性,特别阐明了非经营性国有资产管理与民生问题的关系。
第四章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产配置研究。从资产规模、分布以及资金配置渠道等介绍了我国非经营性国有资产状况,阐述了资产配置与社会事业发展的关系。其次,运用Pryor(1969)模型验证了非经营性国有资产财政配置规模与民生需求之间存在长期稳定均衡,体现了非经营性国有资产配置中的政府责任。第三,运用泰尔指数法说明了义务教育领域的非经营性国有资产配置公平性,表明地区配置能力对于公平性具有影响。最后,检验了31个省份的社会事业领域中固定资产投资与政府配置规模之间的关系,结果发现：①非经营性国有资产财政配置存在挤入效应；②政府主导模式下,社会其他投资意愿与民生需求之间存在负相关。本文认为非经营性国有资产配置总体上体现了政府责任性与配置公平性,但要重视民生领域社会资源配置的效率问题。
第五章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产运行研究-医疗卫生服务领域的实证证据。首先,解释了公共服务类国有资产价值运动循环,论证了国有资产运行与人民群众健康权益的关系。其次,运用医疗卫生领域31个省份面板数据,采用CD模型检验了我国医疗卫生服务领域固定资产投入处于规模递增阶段,从效率观点看,出资人和资产占有使用者会有增加资产规模的动机；进一步比较营利性目标函数和非营利性目标函数的检验结果发现：①固定资产投入与医院业务收入具有正相关,但未能证明它与业务量之间的关系；②财政补偿收入与医院业务收入和业务量之间存在负相关。由于受到财政补偿以及债务政策限制,医院会依赖结余资金配置资产,实证研究也证实了业务收入对于资产规模增长具有显著影响。本文认为,非经营性国有资产运行中同时表现出营利性特征和非营利性特征,通过业务收入扩大资产规模可能符合效率性要求,但却是导致非经营性国有资产运行偏离非营利性的重要因素。
第六章是基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产绩效研究。阐述了非经营性国有资产绩效与民生问题的关系,构建了资产绩效框架,研究了资产绩效的影响路径、维度及指标,特别对影响非经营性国有资产绩效的效率机理进行了说明,并探讨了如何在非经营性国有资产配置和运行中的坚持公平与效率辩证统一。
第七章是提出了完善非经营性国有资产管理机制的建议。同时,对论文研究存在的不足进行说明,指出有待进一步研究的方向。
本文研究的主要创新点体现在以下几个方面：
①本文构建了基于民生视角的非经营性国有资产管理的研究框架,提出以公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展的民生经济制度,是政府主导民生利益发展模式的基本制度；非经营性国有资产作为民生经济制度的重要物资构成,具有保障民生需求和调控民生资源的作用。以非经营性国有资产为价值纽带、联系“社会公众-政府-公共部门”的民生需求和民生经济关系,不断完善非经营性国有资产产权制度和管理机制,对于保障和改善民生利益具有重要意义。
②文章提出非经营性国有资产管理要坚持公平与效率辩证统一原则,实现“保值增效”的管理目标：实现非经营性国有资产配置在规模、分布、类型等方面与民生需求的合理有效匹配；确保非经营性国有资产在实物使用和价值运动过程中服务民生利益；有效协调公有制经济与非公有制经济的共同发展,引导更多民间资本进入民生领域。
③文章在研究方法上坚持了规范研究范式,不仅采用了比较研究方法,而且尝试跨越学科界限、以ASD模型思路确立了研究架构；通过对教育、医疗卫生等领域的非经营性国有资产配置和运行情况进行实证分析,获得了有关公平性、效率性、非营利性等方面有价值的实证证据。
④文章以配置和运行为路径构建了非经营性国有资产绩效框架,阐述了绩效系统、影响路径、绩效维度以及效率机理,特别探讨了非经营性国有资产效率在国有资产配置和运行中的作用以及如何兼顾公平与效率的问题。
⑤文章提出当前社会事业发展面临的资源需求性矛盾和结构性矛盾共存难题,迫切要求加强非经营国有资产统一管理监督。文章提出了完善非经营性国有资产管理机制的政策建议,包括构建非经营性国有资产多元化形成机制、宏观调控机制、资产监督机制与资产评价机制等。
"Take from the people and use for people", non-operating state-owned assets(NSA) are the material base which the socialistic superstructure rely on. These NSA provide people's livelihood interests with material supports, which government departments and non-enterprise institutions possess of in the field of social management, public services, social security, national defense and security, as well as science and technology. With characteristics of public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of diversified economic elements, the economic system of people's livelihood are the major feature of government-led mode of people's wellbeing development, which NSA are material composition of it. Research on management of NSA from the perspective of people's livelihood has great theoretical and practical significance, to promote NSA reform of the property system and management mechanism and to stabilize and consolidate the economic system of people's livelihood; while being useful for speeding up to solve the coexistence problem between resource needs of contradictions and structural imbalance in social career fields. Research opportunities and spaces of NSA are provided by series of major social reforms in contemporary era.
From the asset-allocation condition of education, health and other livelihood domain, NSA have occupied the vast majority of proportion and supported materially the economic system of people's livelihood in protecting people's livelihood rights and social equity; nevertheless, not only the coexistence problem in livelihood areas had been exacerbated, but also the superiority of the economic system could have been damaged by inefficient use, waste and even corruption of NSA. The NSA management is closely related to people's livelihood, to which it is necessary to attach importance on upholding the Chinese-characteristic mode of people's wellbeing development. Currently, objective difficults exist in researching of NSA, due to some special status such as widely distributed, decentralized management, management complexity and property right empty; In addition, domestic theoretical circles emphasize research on operation state-owned assets management, while ignoring the research on non-operating state-owned asset management research, especially from the people's livelihood perspective of NSA management literature even more rarely. This study attempts to compensate the insufficient, and to explore the theory and practice of NSA management from people's livelihood perspective.
Based theoretically on the Marxist theory,the modern welfare economics and the fund theory, at the same time applying the combination method of normative analysis and comparative study, the paper is to demonstrate the necessity of the development mode and the economic system of people's livelihood, emphasize the importance of improving property system and management mechanism of NSA, and propose some points on perspective, subject, principle, objective and performance of NSA management; with empirical method to study on equity and efficiency in asset allocation and value-running, and construct performance framework of NSA according to foregoing research; finally to put forward relevant recommendations. The paper is helpful to optimize the management mechanism of NSA and provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for formulating policies, as well as being intellectual support to stabilize and consolidate the economic system of people's livelihood.
This paper consists of seven chapters. Major contents of each chapter are outline as follows.
Chapter1is the introduction, which briefly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, describes research contents and their structural arrangement, explains research methods employed by this paper, and summarizes the points of research innovation.
Chapter2is the literature review. It systematically summarizes and makes comments on the relevant literatures home and abroad related to people's livelihood, management and performance of non-operating state-owned assets. It identifies the research opportunities through literature review, being prerequisite for the following research.
Chapter3addresses the theoretical analysis and system background. The first part discusses the theoretical basis of NSA management, including Marxist theory, welfare economics, fund theory and other theories. Then compares the different development-mode of people's livelihood impacted by the system of society, politics and economy in the east world and the west world; reviews the evolution of the modem-state welfare system, and argues that resource allocation and value-running should adapt to economic development and people's livelihood interests with taking health industry for example. The third part demonstrates the necessity and particularity of the development mode and the economic system of people's livelihood, and clarifies the relationship between NSA management and livelihood issues.
Chapter4analyzes NSA allocation based on people's livelihood. Firstly introduces asset size, distribution, financing channels and other conditions of NSA, and sets forth the relationship between asset allocation and development of social undertaking. Secondly, the long-term stable equilibrium between the asset size of financial allocation and people's needs is testified with applying Pryor model(1969), and reflects the government responsibility in NSA allocation. Thirdly, the Theil index of NSA in compulsory education phase shows allocation fairness impacted by the ability of region configuration ability. The fourth part verifies the relationship between fixed-asset investment and government configuration with31provinces data form social undertaking, and finds that:①government configuration brings about crowding-in effect,②affected by government-led model, it is negative correlation between social investment willingness and people's needs. The article believes it responsible and fare in NSA allocation, but should attach importance to the efficient problem of resource allocation in people's livelihood area.
Chapter5discusses the NSA value-running based on people's livelihood-empirical evidence from health industry. The first part explains the concept of asset value-cycling of state-owned assets in public service industry, and demonstrates the relationship between asset value-cycling and people's health interests. Then applies the panel data of31provinces and CD model to verify that fixed-asset investments of health industry are placed in the increased return to scale, and to infer that government investor and asset possessor or user should have efficient motivation to increase asset size; further compares test results between for-profit objective function and non-profit objective function:①fixed-asset investment has positive effect on hospital operating income and failed to prove the relationship between it and service volume.②financial compensation income has negative effect on hospital operating income and service volume. Due to policy constraints of financial compensation and debt, hospitals are used to relying on self-pooled fund to asset-expanding, meanwhile the empirical study confirms that the operating revenue has a significant impaction on asset increasing. The paper deduces characteristics of for-profit and non-profit coexist in NSA value-operation, and asset-expanding promoted by operating income may comply with efficient principle, but it is highly possible to result in asset-cycling deviating from non-profit orientation.
Chapter6discusses the NSA performance based on people's livelihood. The section states the importance of NSA performance to people's livelihood, and builds the framework of asset performance, including impact pathway, dimensions and indicator, especially describing efficiency mechanism of NSA performance. The ending part explores how to adhere to both fairness and efficiency in process of NSA allocation and value-operation.
Chapter7is policy proposals to improve the NSA management mechanism. In the meantime points out the dissertation's shortage and further research directions.
The innovation points of this dissertation are mainly embodied in the following aspects:
(1) this dissertation constructs the NSA management research framework based on people's livelihood, to propose the economic system of people's livelihood are the major feature of government-led mode of people's wellbeing development, with characteristics of public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of diversified economic elements; as the material composition of it, NSA possess of functions of safeguarding people's livelihood and collocate resources. NSA seem like value-link to connect people's needs and economic relations among people, government and public sector, thus constantly to improve property system and management mechanism of NSA have great significance on protecting and improving people's livelihood.
(2) this dissertation presents NSA management should adhere to both fairness and efficiency and strive to comply with the principle of "value retaining and increment performance":to allocate effectively size, distribution, type of NSA to match people's reasonable needs; to ensure the masses beneficial from using and value-cycling of NSA; to coordinate the development of both the public economy and non-public economy, and channel more private capital into the livelihood areas.
(3) this dissertation follows the normative research method, includling comparative study and with ASD modle to attempt to transcend disciplinary boundaries; makes empirical research on NSA allocation and value-running in education, health and other livelihood areas, delightedly catching some valuable empirical evidences on fairness, efficiency and nonprofit.
(4) this dissertation builds the framework of asset performance, and describes impact pathway, dimensions and efficiency mechanism, particularly explaining the efficiency's role in allocation and value-cycling of NSA and how to balance fairness and efficiency.
(5) this dissertation points out the urgent requirement is to strengthen unified management and supervision of NSA, generated by the coexistence problem between resource needs of contradictions and structural imbalance in social career fields. Thus puts forward policy proposals to improve the NSA management mechanism, including diversification allocation mechanism, macro-control mechanism, oversight mechanism and performance evaluation mechanism.
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