高尔夫球场果岭根系层优化配制研究
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摘要
研究评价高尔夫球场果岭根系层配方土壤的物理性质及对草坪性状的影响,对指导我国高尔夫球场草坪建设具有实际意义。试验以13种不同配方即不同粒径分布与不同泥炭含量的高尔夫球场果岭混合土壤和匍匐剪股颖为材料,用典型相关分析、回归分析等方法建立了配方土壤物理性质及草坪性状各指标与配方成分间显著相关的回归模型,确定了土壤物理性质和草坪性状与配方成分间的定性与定量关系,得到了配方土壤物理性质各指标的优化配方方案。主要结果如下:
不同配方土壤的持水性差异显著,配方土壤的水分特征曲线可用方程y=ax~(-b)拟合。
一层结构、二层结构和三层结构等3种坪床结构对配方土壤持水性有重要影响,一层结构根系层土壤的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量显著较多。与三层结构相比,二层结构根系层土壤的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量均较多,其中5个全沙配方土壤(A-E)及含泥炭较少的土壤(F)在二层结构中的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量均显著较三层结构多,而其它含泥炭较多的7个配方土壤(G-M)在二层结构和三层结构中的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量差异不显著。
过筛处理筛除了混合土壤中粉粒粘粒和泥炭中的细小颗粒,显著增加了土壤的饱和导水率,可使一些不符合USGA推荐标准的混合土壤的物理性质达到标准。
不同配方土壤的物理性质与草坪性状差异显著。配方土壤总贮水量和毛管孔隙主要受极细沙和粉粘粒(x_3)和泥炭含量的影响;容重和总孔隙主要与中粗沙和泥炭含量相关;对饱和导水率影响大小依次为细沙、中粗沙、泥炭、极细沙和粉粘粒;成坪速度与中粗沙的关系较小,而受其它3个配方因子的影响较大;草屑量主要受细沙与极细沙和粉粘粒(x_3)含量的影响;6月地上生物量只受泥炭含量的影响;11月根系生物量主要受极细沙和粉粘粒与泥炭含量的影响。返青速度与所有配方成分均相关,其中受极细沙和粉粘粒含量的影响最大;6月份表观草坪质量受中粗沙的影响较小,受其它3个因子的影响均较大;11月份表观草坪质量主要与中粗沙、细沙含量相关。
筛选出了物理性质都能达到USGA规范的高尔夫果岭根系层土壤优化配方方案。
通过调整坪床结构和对土壤进行过筛(＜0.05mm)处理,土壤配方材料的选择范围可明显扩大,说明一些不符合USGA规范的果岭配方土壤其物理性质却能达标,USGA规范可进一步完善。
Evaluating the effects of putting green rootzone mixtures on soil physical properties and the turfgrass performance is of great immediate significance to golf course construction.Using methods of canonical correlation and regression analysis,the significantly correlative models between soil physical properties and creeping bentgrass performances and the rootzone mix component were established with 13 golf green rootzone mixtures when varying in particle size distribution and peat ratio.The qualitative and quantitative relationship between the dependent and independent variables were determined.The optimal mix scheme was acquired according to the USGA recommendations.The main results were as follows:
The water retention was significantly different among 13 rootzone mixtures.The regression model of Water characteristic curves wasθ=AS~(-B).
The impact of 3 kinds of golf green profile(1-layer,2-layer,and 3-layer) on the hydraulic properties of 13 rootzone mixtures was evaluated.The mixtures had significantly much more water content with depth in 1-layer profile than that in other two profiles.There was significantly more water content with depth in 2-layer profile for 7 mixtures(G-M) with high peat ratio(＞5%),but there was no significantly more water content with depth for pure sand mixtures(A-E) and mixture(F)with low peat ratio than that in 3-layer profile.
The saturated hydraulic conductivity had been increased significantly after passing the mixed soil through 0.05mm sieve.And this could make those mixtures with their physical properties didn't conform to the USGA specification be up to USGA requirements.
The physical properties and turfgrass performance were significantly different among 13 rootzone mixtures.The total water content and capillary porosity were mainly influenced by peat and very fine sand plus silt and clay.Bulk density and total porosity were mainly influenced by mid-coarse sand and peat.The order to influence K_(sat) was fine sand,mid-coarse sand,peat,and very fine sand plus silt and clay.Exception of mid-coarse sand,the other 3 independent variables was main factors to influence turf establishment,so was the visual turf quality in Jun.But the visual turf quality in November was mainly related with middle-coarse and fine sand.Fine,very fine sand plus silt and clay had main effects on clippings.Above-ground biomass in Jun was only influenced by peat.Under-ground biomass in November was mainly influenced by peat and very fine sand plus silt and clay.The green-up was related with all of 4 independent variables,but mainly influenced by very fine sand plus silt and clay.
The optimal mix scheme with all of the physical properties conformed to the USGA recommendations from significantly correlative regression model was acquired.
If suitable profile was selected or passing through 0.05mm sieve,the quantity range of mix component could be widen significantly.It suggests in this study that refinement of recommendations is warranted.
不同配方土壤的持水性差异显著,配方土壤的水分特征曲线可用方程y=ax~(-b)拟合。
一层结构、二层结构和三层结构等3种坪床结构对配方土壤持水性有重要影响,一层结构根系层土壤的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量显著较多。与三层结构相比,二层结构根系层土壤的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量均较多,其中5个全沙配方土壤(A-E)及含泥炭较少的土壤(F)在二层结构中的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量均显著较三层结构多,而其它含泥炭较多的7个配方土壤(G-M)在二层结构和三层结构中的总含水量及不同深度的体积含水量差异不显著。
过筛处理筛除了混合土壤中粉粒粘粒和泥炭中的细小颗粒,显著增加了土壤的饱和导水率,可使一些不符合USGA推荐标准的混合土壤的物理性质达到标准。
不同配方土壤的物理性质与草坪性状差异显著。配方土壤总贮水量和毛管孔隙主要受极细沙和粉粘粒(x_3)和泥炭含量的影响;容重和总孔隙主要与中粗沙和泥炭含量相关;对饱和导水率影响大小依次为细沙、中粗沙、泥炭、极细沙和粉粘粒;成坪速度与中粗沙的关系较小,而受其它3个配方因子的影响较大;草屑量主要受细沙与极细沙和粉粘粒(x_3)含量的影响;6月地上生物量只受泥炭含量的影响;11月根系生物量主要受极细沙和粉粘粒与泥炭含量的影响。返青速度与所有配方成分均相关,其中受极细沙和粉粘粒含量的影响最大;6月份表观草坪质量受中粗沙的影响较小,受其它3个因子的影响均较大;11月份表观草坪质量主要与中粗沙、细沙含量相关。
筛选出了物理性质都能达到USGA规范的高尔夫果岭根系层土壤优化配方方案。
通过调整坪床结构和对土壤进行过筛(＜0.05mm)处理,土壤配方材料的选择范围可明显扩大,说明一些不符合USGA规范的果岭配方土壤其物理性质却能达标,USGA规范可进一步完善。
Evaluating the effects of putting green rootzone mixtures on soil physical properties and the turfgrass performance is of great immediate significance to golf course construction.Using methods of canonical correlation and regression analysis,the significantly correlative models between soil physical properties and creeping bentgrass performances and the rootzone mix component were established with 13 golf green rootzone mixtures when varying in particle size distribution and peat ratio.The qualitative and quantitative relationship between the dependent and independent variables were determined.The optimal mix scheme was acquired according to the USGA recommendations.The main results were as follows:
The water retention was significantly different among 13 rootzone mixtures.The regression model of Water characteristic curves wasθ=AS~(-B).
The impact of 3 kinds of golf green profile(1-layer,2-layer,and 3-layer) on the hydraulic properties of 13 rootzone mixtures was evaluated.The mixtures had significantly much more water content with depth in 1-layer profile than that in other two profiles.There was significantly more water content with depth in 2-layer profile for 7 mixtures(G-M) with high peat ratio(＞5%),but there was no significantly more water content with depth for pure sand mixtures(A-E) and mixture(F)with low peat ratio than that in 3-layer profile.
The saturated hydraulic conductivity had been increased significantly after passing the mixed soil through 0.05mm sieve.And this could make those mixtures with their physical properties didn't conform to the USGA specification be up to USGA requirements.
The physical properties and turfgrass performance were significantly different among 13 rootzone mixtures.The total water content and capillary porosity were mainly influenced by peat and very fine sand plus silt and clay.Bulk density and total porosity were mainly influenced by mid-coarse sand and peat.The order to influence K_(sat) was fine sand,mid-coarse sand,peat,and very fine sand plus silt and clay.Exception of mid-coarse sand,the other 3 independent variables was main factors to influence turf establishment,so was the visual turf quality in Jun.But the visual turf quality in November was mainly related with middle-coarse and fine sand.Fine,very fine sand plus silt and clay had main effects on clippings.Above-ground biomass in Jun was only influenced by peat.Under-ground biomass in November was mainly influenced by peat and very fine sand plus silt and clay.The green-up was related with all of 4 independent variables,but mainly influenced by very fine sand plus silt and clay.
The optimal mix scheme with all of the physical properties conformed to the USGA recommendations from significantly correlative regression model was acquired.
If suitable profile was selected or passing through 0.05mm sieve,the quantity range of mix component could be widen significantly.It suggests in this study that refinement of recommendations is warranted.
引文
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