不同施肥处理对设施黄瓜养分吸收影响的研究
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摘要
针对目前蔬菜生产过程中过量施用化学肥料以致导致了一系列不良影响以及单位产量黄瓜养分吸收量研究相对滞后的实际情况,本试验在前人研究结论的基础上,以设施黄瓜为试验材料,研究了设施黄瓜养分吸收量以及不同施肥处理方式对生长发育、产量、品质影响,主要研究结果如下:
1.在本实验条件下,所有处理及对照养分吸收量在整个生育期呈“两头小,中间大”的趋势,整个生育期内对养分需求量为K>N>P。施肥量大小对黄瓜养分吸收比例没有影响,三大营养元素的吸收比例仅与黄瓜自身特性有关,整个生育期黄瓜对三大营养元素的吸收比例为:N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1:0.19:1.19。根据小区试验的测产结果,换算成每667m2面积黄瓜的产量(鲜重)为9000kg时,全生育期吸收N、P、K的量为28.42kg、5.19kg和35.51kg,形成1000kg商品瓜吸收N、P、K分别为3.2kg、0.58 kg、3.9 kg,N、K含量较前人研究有小幅提高,P的含量大幅降低,仅为前人研究结果的50%。
2.黄瓜植株的形态指标随在整个生育期都呈上升趋势,这种趋势受施肥处理影响不大,但不同施肥处理间却存在一定的差异。总的来说,施肥处理小区的黄瓜植株在株高、茎粗、叶片数和干物质积累量都显著高于不施肥处理小区,且随施肥量的提高而提高,但最高施肥处理小区植株的指标又出现下降的趋势,可见不施肥,少施肥或过量施肥都会抑制黄瓜的生长;黄瓜叶片中叶绿素在其整个生育期内含量始终在增加,施肥处理显著高于不施肥处理,但肥料过高也会造成叶绿素的分解。
3.施肥可以显著提高黄瓜的产量,增加小区瓜条数和单瓜重,施肥量过高却会产生相反的结果。通过黄瓜生瓜期果实品质的测定可知,在一定范围内,果实中VC、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量均随施肥量的增加而提高,但施肥量再次提高,除硝酸盐和游离氨基酸外,其他指标均有所下降;适宜的施肥量对黄瓜的表观商品性有一定的改善。
4.通过对黄瓜养分吸收的试验研究可知,每形成1000kg商品瓜吸收N、P、K分别为3.2kg、0.58 kg、3.9 kg,在此理论基础上指导施肥,黄瓜可以获得较高的产量和较好的品质。
In the process of current vegetable production, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and the cucumber nutrient uptake have overtime results in a series of adverse effects. On the basis of the conclusion of previous studies, we use cucumber which suitable to grow in the greenhouse as the trial material to study the nutrient uptake of cucumber and the effect of different fertilization approach to growth and development, yield and quality of cucumber grown in the green house. Major findings are as follows:
1.In this experiment, the nutrient uptake of all treatment throughout the growth period present a rising trend before a falling trend and the nutrient demand in entire growth period is K> N> P. The amount of fertilizer does not affect the uptake ratio of cucumber. The uptake ratio of three major nutrient elements are only affected by their own properties and in the whole growth period of cucumber, The ratio of absorption of the three major nutrient elements is: N: P_2O_5: K_2O = 1:0.19:1.19 . According to the yield in the measured area and when the yield is 9000kg/mu, the amount of the uptake of N, P, K in the whole growth period is 28.42kg, 5.19kg, 35.51kg and forming 1000kg commercial cucumber need uptake about N, P, K is 3.2kg, 0.58 kg, 3.9 kg respectively. The content of N, K is a little bit more than previous studies and the content of P is significantly lower than previous studies (only 50% of our predecessors).
2. The morphological indexes of cucumber in the whole growth season have a uptrend and there is a difference between different treatments, but generally speaking, the fertilization approaches have little effect on this trend. Overall, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and dry matter accumulation of fertilization treatments of cucumber are significantly higher than non-fertilization treatments and with the increase of the amount of fertilizer, these indexes raises respectively, but these indexes of the highest fertilizer treatment present a downtrend, which show that no fertilizer and less fertilizer or excessive fertilizer inhibit the growth of cucumber; the content of chlorophyll in leaves of cucumber in its in the whole growth period has been increased and fertilizer treatments are significantly higher than non-fertilization treatment, but too much fertilizer may also result in the decomposition of chlorophyll.
3. Fertilization can significantly improve the yield of cucumber and increase the number of cucumber and single fruit weight, but too much fertilizer may produce the opposite result. Through the determination of the quality of cucumber in the fruiting period, we can see that in a certain range, the fruit VC, soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solids, free amino acids and nitrate are raised as the amount of fertilizer increases, but as the amount of fertilizer further increased, with the exception of nitrate and free amino acids, other indexes have declined; appropriate amount of fertilizer can improve the apparent commercial value of the cucumber to a certain degree.
4. Through the nutrient uptake experiment, we can see that forming 1000kg commercial cucumber need uptake about N, P, K is 3.2kg, 0.58 kg, 3.9kg. On the basis of this theory to make fertilizer treatment, cucumber can have a higher yield and better quality.
1.在本实验条件下,所有处理及对照养分吸收量在整个生育期呈“两头小,中间大”的趋势,整个生育期内对养分需求量为K>N>P。施肥量大小对黄瓜养分吸收比例没有影响,三大营养元素的吸收比例仅与黄瓜自身特性有关,整个生育期黄瓜对三大营养元素的吸收比例为:N:P_2O_5:K_2O=1:0.19:1.19。根据小区试验的测产结果,换算成每667m2面积黄瓜的产量(鲜重)为9000kg时,全生育期吸收N、P、K的量为28.42kg、5.19kg和35.51kg,形成1000kg商品瓜吸收N、P、K分别为3.2kg、0.58 kg、3.9 kg,N、K含量较前人研究有小幅提高,P的含量大幅降低,仅为前人研究结果的50%。
2.黄瓜植株的形态指标随在整个生育期都呈上升趋势,这种趋势受施肥处理影响不大,但不同施肥处理间却存在一定的差异。总的来说,施肥处理小区的黄瓜植株在株高、茎粗、叶片数和干物质积累量都显著高于不施肥处理小区,且随施肥量的提高而提高,但最高施肥处理小区植株的指标又出现下降的趋势,可见不施肥,少施肥或过量施肥都会抑制黄瓜的生长;黄瓜叶片中叶绿素在其整个生育期内含量始终在增加,施肥处理显著高于不施肥处理,但肥料过高也会造成叶绿素的分解。
3.施肥可以显著提高黄瓜的产量,增加小区瓜条数和单瓜重,施肥量过高却会产生相反的结果。通过黄瓜生瓜期果实品质的测定可知,在一定范围内,果实中VC、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量均随施肥量的增加而提高,但施肥量再次提高,除硝酸盐和游离氨基酸外,其他指标均有所下降;适宜的施肥量对黄瓜的表观商品性有一定的改善。
4.通过对黄瓜养分吸收的试验研究可知,每形成1000kg商品瓜吸收N、P、K分别为3.2kg、0.58 kg、3.9 kg,在此理论基础上指导施肥,黄瓜可以获得较高的产量和较好的品质。
In the process of current vegetable production, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and the cucumber nutrient uptake have overtime results in a series of adverse effects. On the basis of the conclusion of previous studies, we use cucumber which suitable to grow in the greenhouse as the trial material to study the nutrient uptake of cucumber and the effect of different fertilization approach to growth and development, yield and quality of cucumber grown in the green house. Major findings are as follows:
1.In this experiment, the nutrient uptake of all treatment throughout the growth period present a rising trend before a falling trend and the nutrient demand in entire growth period is K> N> P. The amount of fertilizer does not affect the uptake ratio of cucumber. The uptake ratio of three major nutrient elements are only affected by their own properties and in the whole growth period of cucumber, The ratio of absorption of the three major nutrient elements is: N: P_2O_5: K_2O = 1:0.19:1.19 . According to the yield in the measured area and when the yield is 9000kg/mu, the amount of the uptake of N, P, K in the whole growth period is 28.42kg, 5.19kg, 35.51kg and forming 1000kg commercial cucumber need uptake about N, P, K is 3.2kg, 0.58 kg, 3.9 kg respectively. The content of N, K is a little bit more than previous studies and the content of P is significantly lower than previous studies (only 50% of our predecessors).
2. The morphological indexes of cucumber in the whole growth season have a uptrend and there is a difference between different treatments, but generally speaking, the fertilization approaches have little effect on this trend. Overall, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and dry matter accumulation of fertilization treatments of cucumber are significantly higher than non-fertilization treatments and with the increase of the amount of fertilizer, these indexes raises respectively, but these indexes of the highest fertilizer treatment present a downtrend, which show that no fertilizer and less fertilizer or excessive fertilizer inhibit the growth of cucumber; the content of chlorophyll in leaves of cucumber in its in the whole growth period has been increased and fertilizer treatments are significantly higher than non-fertilization treatment, but too much fertilizer may also result in the decomposition of chlorophyll.
3. Fertilization can significantly improve the yield of cucumber and increase the number of cucumber and single fruit weight, but too much fertilizer may produce the opposite result. Through the determination of the quality of cucumber in the fruiting period, we can see that in a certain range, the fruit VC, soluble protein, soluble sugar, soluble solids, free amino acids and nitrate are raised as the amount of fertilizer increases, but as the amount of fertilizer further increased, with the exception of nitrate and free amino acids, other indexes have declined; appropriate amount of fertilizer can improve the apparent commercial value of the cucumber to a certain degree.
4. Through the nutrient uptake experiment, we can see that forming 1000kg commercial cucumber need uptake about N, P, K is 3.2kg, 0.58 kg, 3.9kg. On the basis of this theory to make fertilizer treatment, cucumber can have a higher yield and better quality.
引文
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