基于单株标识的数字化果园精准管理技术研究
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摘要
以实现果园精准管理为目标,从果树单株标识、果园生产信息获取、果树产量估测、果品质量追溯等方面开展研究,开发数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统,构建完整的数字化果园精准管理技术体系,主要开展了以下研究：
(1)设计了一种果树单株标识的新方法
利用带二维条码的RFID标签对单株果树进行标识,通过测试RFID标签与读写器天线在不同距离、标签悬挂于果树不同垂直高度与水平距离及果树遮挡等4种情况下的读取率,提出了果树单株标识优化策略,测试结果表明本方法可较好实现对果树单株的标识且在果园环境中也便于读取；本研究提出采用带条码的RFID标签,既可利用手持RFID等专用设备读取,也可采用如手机等非专业且低成本的设备读取,解决了果树单株低成本应用的标识问题。
(2)研究了以手机为载体的果园生产信息双向获取技术
以果树单株标识中的二维条码为基础,提出了以手机为载体的果园生产信息双向获取技术框架,突破了基于手机扫描条码的生产信息采集技术和基于果树位置的环境信息查询技术,开发了果园生产信息双向获取系统,将系统移植到普通智能手机上,可进行单株农事信息的快速采集和果树周边环境信息的实时获取；系统可大大降低利用专用设备如便携式RFID读写设备等的使用成本,是一种可以实现果园生产信息采集的低成本高效率方案。
(3)构建了基于树上果实图像识别的产量估测模型
以富士苹果为研究对象,通过利用普通数码相机获取成熟期果实图像,结合RGB颜色空间和HSV颜色空间进行分割阈值的选取,进行图像识别；研究了采用圆拟合分析构建单个苹果识别判定方法,重点解决了单果被遮挡分离而被误识为多果的情况和多果因重叠覆盖而被误识为单果的情况；以篱壁型或近似篱壁型果树为研究对象,建立了识别出的特征参数与苹果单株产量之间的相关关系,构建了以从东南和西北方向获取的图像识别出的果实个数之和为特征变量的富士苹果产量估测模型,解决了果园精准管理中单株果树产量快速估测的问题。
(4)开发了数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统
设计了包含三个子系统的数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统,重点研究了果品追溯码编码和单株果树精确追溯方法,开发了包含果园采收信息采集子系统、基于WebGIS的数字化果园精准管理子系统、果品质量安全追溯了系统的数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统,系统在试验区进行了应用测试,可实现果园生产的精准管理和果品的单株溯源。
With the aim to realize orchard precision management, this paper investigates the identification of single fruit tree, orchard production information collection, fruit tree yield estimation, fruit quality traceability, etc, and develops a digital orchard precision management and traceability system, and then establishes a technology system of digital orchard precision management. The sections below outline the following:
(1) A new identification method of single fruit tree
The RFID tags with2D barcodes were used to identify the single fruit tree. The test was conducted in four treatment conditions, which were different distance between RFID tags and reader antennas (condition1), different vertical hanging height on the fruit trees (condition2), different horizontal hanging distance on the fruit trees (condition3) and different shades in the front of tags (condition4). Then the optimization method of single fruit tree identification was proposed, and the results showed that the method could realize identification of single fruit tree with sound application in orchard. The RFID tags with2D barcodes can be read not only by handled RFID readers, but also by the non-professional and low cost equipments, such as cell phones, which realized the identification problem of single fruit tree at low cost.
(2) Cell-phone-based bidirectional service technology for orchard production information
Based on the2D barcode for identification of single fruit tree, the bidirectional service technology system was proposed using cell phones, and with the cell phone scanning barcode for production information collection technology and fruit-tree-position-based query technology for environmental information, the bidirectional obtaining system for orchard production information was developed. The system can be transferred into common smart phones to realize rapid collection of agricultural information for single tree and real-time obtaining of nearby environmental information for fruit trees. The system could decrease the cost of professional equipments such as portable RFID readers and writers, which was a low-cost and high-efficiency solution for orchard production information collection.
(3) The yield estimation model of fruit image identification on trees
Taking Fuji apple as the objects, the matured apple images were photographed using common digital camera, and selected segment threshold combining RGB and HSV color space to identify the images. An identification determination method for single apple was developed based on circle fitting analysis, to solve the problems that single apple was hidden and separated to be misclassitled as multi apples, and multi apples were overlapping to be misclassified as single apple. With hedgerow or similar system of apple trees as the objects, the correlation was established between identified characteristics parameters and single apple tree yield. Taking the identification fruit number sum from images of southeast and northwest directions as the variables, the estimation model was constructed. This method can solve the problem of rapid yield estimation on single fruit tree for orchard precision management.
(4) Developing a digital orchard precision management and traceability system
We designed a digital orchard precision management and traceability system including three sub-systems, and mainly studied the fruit traceability coding and precision traceability method for single fruit tree. The sub-systems included orchard harvest information collection, WebGIS-based precision management for digital orchard and traceability of fruit quality safety. The systems were applied in the experiment district and could realize precision management and fruit traceability for single tree in orchard production.
(1)设计了一种果树单株标识的新方法
利用带二维条码的RFID标签对单株果树进行标识,通过测试RFID标签与读写器天线在不同距离、标签悬挂于果树不同垂直高度与水平距离及果树遮挡等4种情况下的读取率,提出了果树单株标识优化策略,测试结果表明本方法可较好实现对果树单株的标识且在果园环境中也便于读取；本研究提出采用带条码的RFID标签,既可利用手持RFID等专用设备读取,也可采用如手机等非专业且低成本的设备读取,解决了果树单株低成本应用的标识问题。
(2)研究了以手机为载体的果园生产信息双向获取技术
以果树单株标识中的二维条码为基础,提出了以手机为载体的果园生产信息双向获取技术框架,突破了基于手机扫描条码的生产信息采集技术和基于果树位置的环境信息查询技术,开发了果园生产信息双向获取系统,将系统移植到普通智能手机上,可进行单株农事信息的快速采集和果树周边环境信息的实时获取；系统可大大降低利用专用设备如便携式RFID读写设备等的使用成本,是一种可以实现果园生产信息采集的低成本高效率方案。
(3)构建了基于树上果实图像识别的产量估测模型
以富士苹果为研究对象,通过利用普通数码相机获取成熟期果实图像,结合RGB颜色空间和HSV颜色空间进行分割阈值的选取,进行图像识别；研究了采用圆拟合分析构建单个苹果识别判定方法,重点解决了单果被遮挡分离而被误识为多果的情况和多果因重叠覆盖而被误识为单果的情况；以篱壁型或近似篱壁型果树为研究对象,建立了识别出的特征参数与苹果单株产量之间的相关关系,构建了以从东南和西北方向获取的图像识别出的果实个数之和为特征变量的富士苹果产量估测模型,解决了果园精准管理中单株果树产量快速估测的问题。
(4)开发了数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统
设计了包含三个子系统的数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统,重点研究了果品追溯码编码和单株果树精确追溯方法,开发了包含果园采收信息采集子系统、基于WebGIS的数字化果园精准管理子系统、果品质量安全追溯了系统的数字化果园生产精准管理与溯源系统,系统在试验区进行了应用测试,可实现果园生产的精准管理和果品的单株溯源。
With the aim to realize orchard precision management, this paper investigates the identification of single fruit tree, orchard production information collection, fruit tree yield estimation, fruit quality traceability, etc, and develops a digital orchard precision management and traceability system, and then establishes a technology system of digital orchard precision management. The sections below outline the following:
(1) A new identification method of single fruit tree
The RFID tags with2D barcodes were used to identify the single fruit tree. The test was conducted in four treatment conditions, which were different distance between RFID tags and reader antennas (condition1), different vertical hanging height on the fruit trees (condition2), different horizontal hanging distance on the fruit trees (condition3) and different shades in the front of tags (condition4). Then the optimization method of single fruit tree identification was proposed, and the results showed that the method could realize identification of single fruit tree with sound application in orchard. The RFID tags with2D barcodes can be read not only by handled RFID readers, but also by the non-professional and low cost equipments, such as cell phones, which realized the identification problem of single fruit tree at low cost.
(2) Cell-phone-based bidirectional service technology for orchard production information
Based on the2D barcode for identification of single fruit tree, the bidirectional service technology system was proposed using cell phones, and with the cell phone scanning barcode for production information collection technology and fruit-tree-position-based query technology for environmental information, the bidirectional obtaining system for orchard production information was developed. The system can be transferred into common smart phones to realize rapid collection of agricultural information for single tree and real-time obtaining of nearby environmental information for fruit trees. The system could decrease the cost of professional equipments such as portable RFID readers and writers, which was a low-cost and high-efficiency solution for orchard production information collection.
(3) The yield estimation model of fruit image identification on trees
Taking Fuji apple as the objects, the matured apple images were photographed using common digital camera, and selected segment threshold combining RGB and HSV color space to identify the images. An identification determination method for single apple was developed based on circle fitting analysis, to solve the problems that single apple was hidden and separated to be misclassitled as multi apples, and multi apples were overlapping to be misclassified as single apple. With hedgerow or similar system of apple trees as the objects, the correlation was established between identified characteristics parameters and single apple tree yield. Taking the identification fruit number sum from images of southeast and northwest directions as the variables, the estimation model was constructed. This method can solve the problem of rapid yield estimation on single fruit tree for orchard precision management.
(4) Developing a digital orchard precision management and traceability system
We designed a digital orchard precision management and traceability system including three sub-systems, and mainly studied the fruit traceability coding and precision traceability method for single fruit tree. The sub-systems included orchard harvest information collection, WebGIS-based precision management for digital orchard and traceability of fruit quality safety. The systems were applied in the experiment district and could realize precision management and fruit traceability for single tree in orchard production.
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