现代农业视角下的农业科技推广人才需求研究
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摘要
现代农业发展的核心是提高农业科技水平,农业科技水平提高依赖农业科技推广人才。国家中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)明确指出,人才资源是我国现代化建设的最重要战略资源,是我国经济社会发展的第一资源。农业科技推广人才是宣传和实施现代农业高新技术的主力军,是现代农业科技成果的接受者、携带者和传播者。现代农业发展对农业科技推广人才带来了新的机遇并提出了新的挑战,农业科技推广人才如果没有现代科技知识和实际操作技能是难以承担向农民传播农业科技革命文明成果工作的。农业科技推广人才如何紧跟现代农业发展步伐,适应新时期农业科技推广工作的现实需要,成为当前中国农业科技推广队伍建设中一个十分重要的课题。
本研究兼顾理论分析和实证研究,以理论分析为基础,以实证分析为重点。在对相关理论进行梳理的基础上,运用理论模型、比较分析、典型调查及案例分析、事后分析等方法对农业科技推广人才需求进行了实证。研究内容主要包括以下六个方面：
第一,现代农业科技推广人才需求的特征研究。在分析我国现代农业发展现状,并借鉴发达国家现代农业建设经验的基础上,探讨农业科技推广人才队伍建设与发展现代农业之间的密切联系,并重点从知识要求、专业要求、能力要求和素质要求方面研究现代农业科技推广人才需求的新特点。
第二,我国农业科技推广人才队伍现状及问题研究。从人员结构、人才可持续发展机制、人员分布和工作重点、推广事业发展等方面,对我国农业科技推广人员素质状况进行分析,并对我国农业科技推广人才评价现状和存在的问题进行分析,探讨现有农业科技推广人员素质不能满足现代农业发展要求的原因。特别是,通过典型调查和研究述评,对农业科技推广人员的推广心理及行为、农户对农业科技推广人员工作评价进行研究。
第三,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才的胜任力研究。在胜任力概念和胜任力模型、农业科技推广人员胜任力研究进行综述基础上,构建我国现代农业科技推广人员胜任力模型。
第四,世界现代农业科技推广人才需求的变化比较研究。从世界农业科技推广体系的变化和比较入手,主要针对世界现代农业科技推广人员素质状况、人员业绩评价方法进行比较。
第五,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才需求的预测研究。通过构建农业科技推广机构具有预期学历结构约束的人才需求预测模型,以那些已经进入现代农业发展新阶段的发达国家为参照系,并主要结合我国国情特别是样本点的实际,在咨询有关专家的基础上,估算我国特别是样本点基于现代农业条件下的农业科技推广机构人员规模,以及基于现代农业条件下的农业科技推广机构博士、硕士、本科、大专、中专及以下学历的理性预期结构比。
第六,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才需求的保障机制创新研究。基于现代农业对人才的具体要求,主要对农业科技推广体系的人才培养保障机制、人才开发投入保障机制、人才使用保障机制、人才激励约束机制等进行研究,力求为现代农业发展提供人才需求保障。
本研究的结论主要有：①现代农业科技推广人才需求呈现出新的特点。现代农业对农业科技推广人才的知识、专业、能力、素质等提出了新的更高要求。②现有的农业科技推广人员素质不能满足现代农业发展对人才需求。主要表现在：人员结构不合理、人才可持续发展机制缺乏、人员分布和工作重点错位、推广事业发展受阻,以及业绩评价缺乏公正性、业绩评价方法不能体现工作实际等。③基层农业科技推广人员对自身工作和农户对基层农业科技推广人员的工作双重不满相互叠加。④基于适应现代农业发展需要和满足推广目标任务要求的考虑,构建了现代农业科技推广人才特征的塔形全面胜任力模型,共包含专业技术、研究创新、信息搜集、教学培训、市场导向、系统思考、爱岗敬业、社会公关、团队合作以及变化适应10大能力。⑤现代农业国家的农业科技推广人才队伍建设更加完善,人才结构更趋合理,人才素质全面提升。⑥为满足现代农业对推广人才的需求,我国应坚持吸纳高级人才和削减低端人才并举的措施。其中,应吸纳博士、硕士高端人才,大量补充本科人才,并全面消减大专和中专及以下学历人才‘。⑦进行体制机制创新,以实现现代农业科技推广人才的供求平衡,为建设我国社会主义新农村特别是建设现代农业提供可靠的人力资源支持与保障。
本研究的可能创新有：①研究视角的创新。在现代农业视角下的农业科技推广人才‘供求平衡上有一定突破。②研究内容的创新。通过构建人才特征胜任力模型和人才需求预测模型,对现代农业视角下农业科技推广人员的胜任力特征和规模结构进行分析和预测。最后,本研究指出在现代农业科技推广体系建设、人才需求理论体系框架、农业科技推广人才需求实证等方面有待今后继续深入研究。
The key of modern agricultural development is to improve the level of agricultural science and technology, and the latter lies on talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension. Its points out clearly that, the talent resources are the most important strategic resource in the building of our country's modernization, including agricultural modernization, the first resource in the development of our country's economy and society, of the medium-term and long-term plan on China talents' development (from 2010 to 2020). The talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension are main force to disseminate and to implement modern agricultural advanced technology, are the receivers, carriers and diffusers of modern agricultural scientific research achievements. The development of modern agriculture brings about new chances and challenges for the talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension, and they may not finish the task which spreading agricultural scientific research achievements to farmers without the knowledge of modern science and technology and the skill of acture operation. It has become a more important issue at current times in China in the building of agricultural scientific and technological extension teams of which these talents to keep up with the pace of modern agriculture development, to adapt the necessity of agricultural scientific and technological extension in the new period.
This paper gives consideration to theoretical analysis and empirical research, the former basic, and the latter more important. It analyzes empirically, by using the ways including theoretical model, comparative analysis, typical investigation, case study, Meta-analysis and so on, the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension, based on commenting the relative theories. The main contents are follows:
Firstly, the study about feature of the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension. This paper, based on the analysis of the current situation of modern agriculture in China, and drawing lessons from the developing experience of modern agriculture in developed countries, discusses the significant relationship between the talent teams construction at agricultural scientific and technological extension and modern agricultural development, and analyzes especially the new characteristics in talent's demand of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension from the requests of knowledge, major, ability and quality.
Secondly, the study about the current situation and the problems of agricultural scientific and technological extension teams. This paper, from personnel structure, mechanism of sustainable development, distribution and focal point, career development and so on, analyzes the current situation of teams'quality on agricultural scientific and technological extension, the current situation and the problems of talents'evaluation on Chinese agricultural scientific and technological extension, and discusses the reasons of teams'quality on agricultural scientific and technological extension out of the demand of modern agriculture. And it studies, based on typical investigation and commentary, the mentality and action of extension personnel, the evaluation in performance for basen agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel which given by farmers.
Thirdly, the study about competence of agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper, based on the summary of the concept and model of competence, the competence of agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel, builds the competence model of Chinese modern agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel.
Fourthly, the study about change and comparison of the talents'demand on global modern agricultural scientific and technological extension. This paper, based on the change and comparison of global agricultural scientific and technological extension system, compares personnel quality and evaluation method to personnel performance on global modern agricultural scientific and technological extension.
Fifthly, the study about forecast of the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper estimates personnel scale and educational structure proportion with educational level including doctor, master, undergraduate, diploma and below at rational expectation of agricultural scientific and technological extension organization in nationwide or the sample based on the condition of modern agriculture, by the forecast model of talents'recruitment with the constraints of forecasting educational structure, the reference to developed countries that have entered on new stage of modern agriculture, and based on the condition of our country and the sample, especially, the opinion of correlative specialists.
Sixthly, the study about the innovation in safeguard mechanismof the talents' demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper, based on the specification of modern agriculture in talents, researchs the safeguard mechanism on personnel training, personnel development inputing, personnel employing, and the personnel incentive and restraint mechanism, so that it can offer the safeguard of talent's demand in modern agriculture development.
The main conclusiones are involved. First, it has many new characteristics of the talents'demand on modern agricultural scientific and technological extension. It has many new and high requests, incluing knowledge, major, ability, quality and so on. Second, the personnel quality of today's agricultural scientific and technological extension does not meet the demand of modern agricultural development, because of unreasonable personnel structure, mechanism of personnel sustainable development lack, personnel distribution and focal point at work misplace, career development frustration and so on. Third, double discontented are existed at the same time in basen agricultural scientific and technological extension workers themselves'and farmerss dissatisfaction with the work of basen agricultural scientific and technological extension workers. Fourth, this paper builds the all-round competence model like tower of talent's characteristics at agricultural scientific and technological extension, based on adapting modern agriculture development and meeting demand of the targets and duties of agricultural scientific and technological extension.It include ten abilities:professional skills, research innovation, information gathering, teaching and training, market orientation, systematic thinking, cherishing posts and devoting whole heartedly to work, social public relations, team cooperation, adapting the change. Fifth, these countries which have finished modern agricultural construction have perfect talent teams of agricultural scientific and technological extension, with the reasonable structure and the high quality. Sixth, China should take in high-ranking talents and cut low side workers so as to meet the talents demand of modern agriculture. That is to say, for the talent teams at agricultural scientific and technological extension, it should receive high-ranking talents including PH. D and master, add many talents with bachelor degree, and cut drastically the workers with junior, secondary specialized, even blow degree only. Seventh, it should innovate the institution and mechanism in order to balance between supply and demand of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension talents, to build the new socialist countryside and especially to finish the development of modern agriculture in China.
This paper may make two innovations. First, in the research perspective, it has certain degree breakthrough in the talents'equilibrium between supply and demand of agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. Second, in the research contents, it analyzes the characteristic of personnel and forecasts reasonably the scale and structure of talents at agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture, by building the model of competence and recruitment forecast. And the last, this paper deems that it needs research sequentially in the future on the construction of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension system, the framework of thereotical system for talent's demand, the demonstration of talent's demand at agricultural scientific and technological extension, and so on.
本研究兼顾理论分析和实证研究,以理论分析为基础,以实证分析为重点。在对相关理论进行梳理的基础上,运用理论模型、比较分析、典型调查及案例分析、事后分析等方法对农业科技推广人才需求进行了实证。研究内容主要包括以下六个方面：
第一,现代农业科技推广人才需求的特征研究。在分析我国现代农业发展现状,并借鉴发达国家现代农业建设经验的基础上,探讨农业科技推广人才队伍建设与发展现代农业之间的密切联系,并重点从知识要求、专业要求、能力要求和素质要求方面研究现代农业科技推广人才需求的新特点。
第二,我国农业科技推广人才队伍现状及问题研究。从人员结构、人才可持续发展机制、人员分布和工作重点、推广事业发展等方面,对我国农业科技推广人员素质状况进行分析,并对我国农业科技推广人才评价现状和存在的问题进行分析,探讨现有农业科技推广人员素质不能满足现代农业发展要求的原因。特别是,通过典型调查和研究述评,对农业科技推广人员的推广心理及行为、农户对农业科技推广人员工作评价进行研究。
第三,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才的胜任力研究。在胜任力概念和胜任力模型、农业科技推广人员胜任力研究进行综述基础上,构建我国现代农业科技推广人员胜任力模型。
第四,世界现代农业科技推广人才需求的变化比较研究。从世界农业科技推广体系的变化和比较入手,主要针对世界现代农业科技推广人员素质状况、人员业绩评价方法进行比较。
第五,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才需求的预测研究。通过构建农业科技推广机构具有预期学历结构约束的人才需求预测模型,以那些已经进入现代农业发展新阶段的发达国家为参照系,并主要结合我国国情特别是样本点的实际,在咨询有关专家的基础上,估算我国特别是样本点基于现代农业条件下的农业科技推广机构人员规模,以及基于现代农业条件下的农业科技推广机构博士、硕士、本科、大专、中专及以下学历的理性预期结构比。
第六,现代农业视角下农业科技推广人才需求的保障机制创新研究。基于现代农业对人才的具体要求,主要对农业科技推广体系的人才培养保障机制、人才开发投入保障机制、人才使用保障机制、人才激励约束机制等进行研究,力求为现代农业发展提供人才需求保障。
本研究的结论主要有：①现代农业科技推广人才需求呈现出新的特点。现代农业对农业科技推广人才的知识、专业、能力、素质等提出了新的更高要求。②现有的农业科技推广人员素质不能满足现代农业发展对人才需求。主要表现在：人员结构不合理、人才可持续发展机制缺乏、人员分布和工作重点错位、推广事业发展受阻,以及业绩评价缺乏公正性、业绩评价方法不能体现工作实际等。③基层农业科技推广人员对自身工作和农户对基层农业科技推广人员的工作双重不满相互叠加。④基于适应现代农业发展需要和满足推广目标任务要求的考虑,构建了现代农业科技推广人才特征的塔形全面胜任力模型,共包含专业技术、研究创新、信息搜集、教学培训、市场导向、系统思考、爱岗敬业、社会公关、团队合作以及变化适应10大能力。⑤现代农业国家的农业科技推广人才队伍建设更加完善,人才结构更趋合理,人才素质全面提升。⑥为满足现代农业对推广人才的需求,我国应坚持吸纳高级人才和削减低端人才并举的措施。其中,应吸纳博士、硕士高端人才,大量补充本科人才,并全面消减大专和中专及以下学历人才‘。⑦进行体制机制创新,以实现现代农业科技推广人才的供求平衡,为建设我国社会主义新农村特别是建设现代农业提供可靠的人力资源支持与保障。
本研究的可能创新有：①研究视角的创新。在现代农业视角下的农业科技推广人才‘供求平衡上有一定突破。②研究内容的创新。通过构建人才特征胜任力模型和人才需求预测模型,对现代农业视角下农业科技推广人员的胜任力特征和规模结构进行分析和预测。最后,本研究指出在现代农业科技推广体系建设、人才需求理论体系框架、农业科技推广人才需求实证等方面有待今后继续深入研究。
The key of modern agricultural development is to improve the level of agricultural science and technology, and the latter lies on talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension. Its points out clearly that, the talent resources are the most important strategic resource in the building of our country's modernization, including agricultural modernization, the first resource in the development of our country's economy and society, of the medium-term and long-term plan on China talents' development (from 2010 to 2020). The talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension are main force to disseminate and to implement modern agricultural advanced technology, are the receivers, carriers and diffusers of modern agricultural scientific research achievements. The development of modern agriculture brings about new chances and challenges for the talents of agricultural scientific and technological extension, and they may not finish the task which spreading agricultural scientific research achievements to farmers without the knowledge of modern science and technology and the skill of acture operation. It has become a more important issue at current times in China in the building of agricultural scientific and technological extension teams of which these talents to keep up with the pace of modern agriculture development, to adapt the necessity of agricultural scientific and technological extension in the new period.
This paper gives consideration to theoretical analysis and empirical research, the former basic, and the latter more important. It analyzes empirically, by using the ways including theoretical model, comparative analysis, typical investigation, case study, Meta-analysis and so on, the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension, based on commenting the relative theories. The main contents are follows:
Firstly, the study about feature of the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension. This paper, based on the analysis of the current situation of modern agriculture in China, and drawing lessons from the developing experience of modern agriculture in developed countries, discusses the significant relationship between the talent teams construction at agricultural scientific and technological extension and modern agricultural development, and analyzes especially the new characteristics in talent's demand of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension from the requests of knowledge, major, ability and quality.
Secondly, the study about the current situation and the problems of agricultural scientific and technological extension teams. This paper, from personnel structure, mechanism of sustainable development, distribution and focal point, career development and so on, analyzes the current situation of teams'quality on agricultural scientific and technological extension, the current situation and the problems of talents'evaluation on Chinese agricultural scientific and technological extension, and discusses the reasons of teams'quality on agricultural scientific and technological extension out of the demand of modern agriculture. And it studies, based on typical investigation and commentary, the mentality and action of extension personnel, the evaluation in performance for basen agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel which given by farmers.
Thirdly, the study about competence of agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper, based on the summary of the concept and model of competence, the competence of agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel, builds the competence model of Chinese modern agricultural scientific and technological extension personnel.
Fourthly, the study about change and comparison of the talents'demand on global modern agricultural scientific and technological extension. This paper, based on the change and comparison of global agricultural scientific and technological extension system, compares personnel quality and evaluation method to personnel performance on global modern agricultural scientific and technological extension.
Fifthly, the study about forecast of the talents'demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper estimates personnel scale and educational structure proportion with educational level including doctor, master, undergraduate, diploma and below at rational expectation of agricultural scientific and technological extension organization in nationwide or the sample based on the condition of modern agriculture, by the forecast model of talents'recruitment with the constraints of forecasting educational structure, the reference to developed countries that have entered on new stage of modern agriculture, and based on the condition of our country and the sample, especially, the opinion of correlative specialists.
Sixthly, the study about the innovation in safeguard mechanismof the talents' demand on agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. This paper, based on the specification of modern agriculture in talents, researchs the safeguard mechanism on personnel training, personnel development inputing, personnel employing, and the personnel incentive and restraint mechanism, so that it can offer the safeguard of talent's demand in modern agriculture development.
The main conclusiones are involved. First, it has many new characteristics of the talents'demand on modern agricultural scientific and technological extension. It has many new and high requests, incluing knowledge, major, ability, quality and so on. Second, the personnel quality of today's agricultural scientific and technological extension does not meet the demand of modern agricultural development, because of unreasonable personnel structure, mechanism of personnel sustainable development lack, personnel distribution and focal point at work misplace, career development frustration and so on. Third, double discontented are existed at the same time in basen agricultural scientific and technological extension workers themselves'and farmerss dissatisfaction with the work of basen agricultural scientific and technological extension workers. Fourth, this paper builds the all-round competence model like tower of talent's characteristics at agricultural scientific and technological extension, based on adapting modern agriculture development and meeting demand of the targets and duties of agricultural scientific and technological extension.It include ten abilities:professional skills, research innovation, information gathering, teaching and training, market orientation, systematic thinking, cherishing posts and devoting whole heartedly to work, social public relations, team cooperation, adapting the change. Fifth, these countries which have finished modern agricultural construction have perfect talent teams of agricultural scientific and technological extension, with the reasonable structure and the high quality. Sixth, China should take in high-ranking talents and cut low side workers so as to meet the talents demand of modern agriculture. That is to say, for the talent teams at agricultural scientific and technological extension, it should receive high-ranking talents including PH. D and master, add many talents with bachelor degree, and cut drastically the workers with junior, secondary specialized, even blow degree only. Seventh, it should innovate the institution and mechanism in order to balance between supply and demand of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension talents, to build the new socialist countryside and especially to finish the development of modern agriculture in China.
This paper may make two innovations. First, in the research perspective, it has certain degree breakthrough in the talents'equilibrium between supply and demand of agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture. Second, in the research contents, it analyzes the characteristic of personnel and forecasts reasonably the scale and structure of talents at agricultural scientific and technological extension in the perspective of modern agriculture, by building the model of competence and recruitment forecast. And the last, this paper deems that it needs research sequentially in the future on the construction of modern agricultural scientific and technological extension system, the framework of thereotical system for talent's demand, the demonstration of talent's demand at agricultural scientific and technological extension, and so on.
引文
2数据来源：《中国农业年鉴》,2006年。
3数据来源：《中国统计年鉴》(2010),中国统计出版社,2011年。
4注：数据来源于蒋和平、辛岭：《建设中国现代农业的思路与实践》,中国农业出版社,2009年第113页。
5注：数据来源于柏振忠、王红玲：《基因利用限制技术的潜在影响及其在中国的适用性分析》,《中国科技论坛》,2011年第4期第135-139页。
6世界银行：《世界发展指标》2002年统计数据。
8朱小梅、柏振忠、王红玲(2005)认为,首先农业科技推广服务的公益性职能大都具有很强的外部效应,其社会和经济价值难以准确度量,故无法定价。因此,不可能像办企业那样去办农业科技推广服务站。其次,公益性农业科技推广服务具有很强的专业性,连续性强,花钱难以完全买到服务。再次,稳定一支精十的公益性农业科技推广服务队伍,本身就是国家支持和保护农业的重要方面,也是农业、农村经济持续、协调发展的现实需要。发达国家和发展中国家都根据本国情况建立了国家扶持的专业性农业科技推广机构。作为一个发展中大国,我国更应建立国家扶持的专业性农业科技推广服务机构,以推进农业发展、农村进步和农民致富。详见朱小梅、柏振忠、王红玲：《湖北省公益性农业科技推广服务体系改革模式的利弊分析》,《中国农村经济》2005年12期。李立秋、张真和(2005)认为,公益性农业科技推广服务无法按照市场经济规律定价,多数不宜采用“购买”的方式来提供,必须建立一个国家农业科技推广体系。详见李立秋、张真和：《中国必须要有一个国家农业科技推广体系》,《农民日报》2005年9月5日。胡瑞华、黄季焜、李立秋(2004)认为,我国的政府农业科技推广投资强度将远低于国际上低收入国家政府农业科技推广投资强度的一半。我国应建立以政府投资为主、以企业投资为辅的农业科技推广投资体制,特别足增加中央政府对农业科技推广投资的比例。详见胡瑞法、黄季焜、李立秋：《中国农业科技推广：现状、问题及解决对策》,《管理世界》2004年第5期。
9调查问卷采用了钟涨宝教授领导的课题组十2007年所作的设计。详见：鄢万春,农户对农业科技服务选择行为的实证研究：基于湖北省枣阳市L镇农户的调查,华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
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3数据来源：《中国统计年鉴》(2010),中国统计出版社,2011年。
4注：数据来源于蒋和平、辛岭：《建设中国现代农业的思路与实践》,中国农业出版社,2009年第113页。
5注：数据来源于柏振忠、王红玲：《基因利用限制技术的潜在影响及其在中国的适用性分析》,《中国科技论坛》,2011年第4期第135-139页。
6世界银行：《世界发展指标》2002年统计数据。
8朱小梅、柏振忠、王红玲(2005)认为,首先农业科技推广服务的公益性职能大都具有很强的外部效应,其社会和经济价值难以准确度量,故无法定价。因此,不可能像办企业那样去办农业科技推广服务站。其次,公益性农业科技推广服务具有很强的专业性,连续性强,花钱难以完全买到服务。再次,稳定一支精十的公益性农业科技推广服务队伍,本身就是国家支持和保护农业的重要方面,也是农业、农村经济持续、协调发展的现实需要。发达国家和发展中国家都根据本国情况建立了国家扶持的专业性农业科技推广机构。作为一个发展中大国,我国更应建立国家扶持的专业性农业科技推广服务机构,以推进农业发展、农村进步和农民致富。详见朱小梅、柏振忠、王红玲：《湖北省公益性农业科技推广服务体系改革模式的利弊分析》,《中国农村经济》2005年12期。李立秋、张真和(2005)认为,公益性农业科技推广服务无法按照市场经济规律定价,多数不宜采用“购买”的方式来提供,必须建立一个国家农业科技推广体系。详见李立秋、张真和：《中国必须要有一个国家农业科技推广体系》,《农民日报》2005年9月5日。胡瑞华、黄季焜、李立秋(2004)认为,我国的政府农业科技推广投资强度将远低于国际上低收入国家政府农业科技推广投资强度的一半。我国应建立以政府投资为主、以企业投资为辅的农业科技推广投资体制,特别足增加中央政府对农业科技推广投资的比例。详见胡瑞法、黄季焜、李立秋：《中国农业科技推广：现状、问题及解决对策》,《管理世界》2004年第5期。
9调查问卷采用了钟涨宝教授领导的课题组十2007年所作的设计。详见：鄢万春,农户对农业科技服务选择行为的实证研究：基于湖北省枣阳市L镇农户的调查,华中农业大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
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