粒状膨润土复合吸附剂的药剂法解吸与再生试验研究
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摘要
吸附法是废水处理的重要方法之一,其关键是应用适宜的吸附剂。但吸附剂使用一段时期后会达到吸附饱和,失去吸附性能,因此,需要再生处理,以便重复使用,降低废水处理成本,提高吸附剂的利用率。本文采用药剂解吸再生的方法,对一种新型的载铜粒状膨润土复合吸附剂进行了解吸与再生试验研究,考察了药剂种类、药剂浓度、时间、温度、吸附剂用量、负载量、pH等因素的影响,并对其解吸机理进行了初步探讨。
研究结果表明:
(1)硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、氯化钠、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠和EDTA对载铜膨润土复合吸附剂都具有一定的解吸与再生能力。对铜的解吸率随着解吸剂浓度的增大而增大,但增大的幅度不是很大。膨润土复合吸附剂的再生率随解吸剂浓度的变化与解吸率一致。
(2)药剂浓度、解吸时间、吸附剂用量、负载量、解吸温度、pH对载铜膨润土复合吸附剂的解吸与再生均有一定影响。其中影响比较大的是解吸时间和pH,影响比较小的是解吸温度。
(3)在所试验的药剂中,对铜的解吸效果EDTA最好,硝酸次之,氯化钠较差。而再生效果则是EDTA＞氯化钠＞硝酸。
(4)用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、双常数方程都可以拟合硝酸、氯化钠、EDTA对铜解吸的动力学数据,其中用准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程拟合的显著程度最佳。
(5)硝酸和EDTA对铜的解吸过程符合Langmuir等温线,而氯化钠对铜的解吸过程符合Langmuir等温线、Freundlich等温线和Temkin等温线。硝酸和EDTA对铜解吸是一个自发的过程,而氯化钠不是。
(6)对吸附前后和解吸后的膨润土复合吸附剂进行X射线衍射分析,表明膨润土复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附可能存在晶层间吸附,用硝酸、氯化钠、EDTA可以解吸载铜膨润土复合吸附剂。
Adsorption is one of the important methods of wastewater treatment, and the key of its successful application is the selection of appropriate adsorbent. Generally, the adsorbent will reach saturation state after a period of adsorption and so lose ability to remove pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to regenerate adsorbent in order to restore its adsorption ability for re-use, so reducing wastewater treatment costs and enhancing the adsorbent utilization efficiency. This article investigated desorption and regeneration by reagents of granular bentonite compound adsorbent, which was a novel product invented by author's supervisor and his group. The compound adsorbent was first loaded by copper ion, then the effects on desorption and regeneration of reagent types, reagent concentration, desorption time, dosage of adsorbent, adsorbed copper ion amount, temperature, and pH were examined, and finally the mechanism of desorption of copper from bentonite compound adsorbent was studied.
The conclusions could be obtained as follows:
(1) Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and EDTA had a certain degree of desorption and regeneration ability to the bentonite compound adsorbent loaded with copper ion. Desorption ratio of copper was enhanced along with the increase of reagent concentration, but the changes was not apparent. Changes of regeneration ratio of bentonite compound adsorbent was consistent with the desorption ratio.
(2) Reagent concentration, desorption time, dosage of adsorbent, adsorbed copper ion amount, desorption temperature and pH influenced desorption and regeneration of bentonite compound adsorbent with copper loading in some extent. Desorption time and pH had a relatively large effect on desorption and regeneration, while desorption temperature affected slightly.
(3) Among all of the reagents, EDTA was the best eluent, nitric acid followed, and sodium chloride was the worst. The sequence of regenerating bentonite compound adsorbent loaded with copper was that EDTA> sodium chloride> nitrate.
(4) It was found that Cu~(2+) desorption by nitric acid, sodium chloride and EDTA respectively could be described by pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, Elovich equation and two-constant equation among which pseudo-first-order kinetic and pseudo-second-order kinetic were the best.
(5) Cu-desorption by nitrate acid or EDTA was agreed with the Langmuir isotherm, and Cu-desorption by sodium chloride was agreed with Langmuir, Freundlich or Temkin isotherm. Cu-desorption by EDTA or nitrate acid was a spontaneous process, but it was not by sodium chloride.
(6) XRD analysises showed that crystal-interlamination adsorption may be existed in the adsorption of Cu~(2+) by bentonite compound adsorbent and Cu~(2+) could be desorbed by nitric acid, sodium chloride or EDTA.
研究结果表明:
(1)硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、氯化钠、氢氧化钠、柠檬酸钠和EDTA对载铜膨润土复合吸附剂都具有一定的解吸与再生能力。对铜的解吸率随着解吸剂浓度的增大而增大,但增大的幅度不是很大。膨润土复合吸附剂的再生率随解吸剂浓度的变化与解吸率一致。
(2)药剂浓度、解吸时间、吸附剂用量、负载量、解吸温度、pH对载铜膨润土复合吸附剂的解吸与再生均有一定影响。其中影响比较大的是解吸时间和pH,影响比较小的是解吸温度。
(3)在所试验的药剂中,对铜的解吸效果EDTA最好,硝酸次之,氯化钠较差。而再生效果则是EDTA＞氯化钠＞硝酸。
(4)用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、双常数方程都可以拟合硝酸、氯化钠、EDTA对铜解吸的动力学数据,其中用准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程拟合的显著程度最佳。
(5)硝酸和EDTA对铜的解吸过程符合Langmuir等温线,而氯化钠对铜的解吸过程符合Langmuir等温线、Freundlich等温线和Temkin等温线。硝酸和EDTA对铜解吸是一个自发的过程,而氯化钠不是。
(6)对吸附前后和解吸后的膨润土复合吸附剂进行X射线衍射分析,表明膨润土复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附可能存在晶层间吸附,用硝酸、氯化钠、EDTA可以解吸载铜膨润土复合吸附剂。
Adsorption is one of the important methods of wastewater treatment, and the key of its successful application is the selection of appropriate adsorbent. Generally, the adsorbent will reach saturation state after a period of adsorption and so lose ability to remove pollutants. Therefore, it is necessary to regenerate adsorbent in order to restore its adsorption ability for re-use, so reducing wastewater treatment costs and enhancing the adsorbent utilization efficiency. This article investigated desorption and regeneration by reagents of granular bentonite compound adsorbent, which was a novel product invented by author's supervisor and his group. The compound adsorbent was first loaded by copper ion, then the effects on desorption and regeneration of reagent types, reagent concentration, desorption time, dosage of adsorbent, adsorbed copper ion amount, temperature, and pH were examined, and finally the mechanism of desorption of copper from bentonite compound adsorbent was studied.
The conclusions could be obtained as follows:
(1) Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium citrate and EDTA had a certain degree of desorption and regeneration ability to the bentonite compound adsorbent loaded with copper ion. Desorption ratio of copper was enhanced along with the increase of reagent concentration, but the changes was not apparent. Changes of regeneration ratio of bentonite compound adsorbent was consistent with the desorption ratio.
(2) Reagent concentration, desorption time, dosage of adsorbent, adsorbed copper ion amount, desorption temperature and pH influenced desorption and regeneration of bentonite compound adsorbent with copper loading in some extent. Desorption time and pH had a relatively large effect on desorption and regeneration, while desorption temperature affected slightly.
(3) Among all of the reagents, EDTA was the best eluent, nitric acid followed, and sodium chloride was the worst. The sequence of regenerating bentonite compound adsorbent loaded with copper was that EDTA> sodium chloride> nitrate.
(4) It was found that Cu~(2+) desorption by nitric acid, sodium chloride and EDTA respectively could be described by pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, Elovich equation and two-constant equation among which pseudo-first-order kinetic and pseudo-second-order kinetic were the best.
(5) Cu-desorption by nitrate acid or EDTA was agreed with the Langmuir isotherm, and Cu-desorption by sodium chloride was agreed with Langmuir, Freundlich or Temkin isotherm. Cu-desorption by EDTA or nitrate acid was a spontaneous process, but it was not by sodium chloride.
(6) XRD analysises showed that crystal-interlamination adsorption may be existed in the adsorption of Cu~(2+) by bentonite compound adsorbent and Cu~(2+) could be desorbed by nitric acid, sodium chloride or EDTA.
引文
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[3]郑秀华,胡茂焱,叶建良等.膨润土应用技术[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001:3-4
[4]姚道坤,史泰端.中国膨润士矿床及其开发应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:3-4
[5]中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所第七研究室编.国外活性炭[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1984:142-153
[6]李昌贤,秦延武.煤质活性炭[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1993:200-208
[7]翁元声.活性炭再生及新技术研究[J].给水排水.2004,(01):86-91
[8]吕德隆.高频脉冲活性炭再生技术[J].新技术新工艺.1996,6:40-41
[9]北京市政设计院译文.直接通电式活性炭再生装置[J].1981,8:125-130
[10]傅大放.活性炭微波辐照再生试验研究[J].中国给水排水.1997,13(05):7-9
[11]王三反.超声波再生活性炭的初步研究[J].中国给水排水.1998,14(02):24-26
[12]徐丽花,周琪.天然沸石去除氨氮研究[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(08):506-508,513
[13]袁凤英,程明.饱和改性沸石再生技术研究[J].新疆环境保护.2004,26(3):16-18
[14]杨莹琴,陈慧娟.壳聚糖插层膨润土的制备及其对Zn~(2+)的吸附[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版).2007,(03)
[15]张果金,周永璋,魏无际,等.废水处理中用于活性炭再生的新型再生剂[J].南京化工大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(06):441-444
[16]Tsitsishvili GV,Andronikashvili T G.Natural Zeolites[J].Chichester,England:Ellis Horwood Limited,1992,86-91
[17]温东辉,张曦,吴为中,等.天然沸石对铵吸附能力的生物再生试验研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(04):494-500
[18]李亚新,陈文兵.粒状活性炭厌氧生物再生初探[J].重庆环境科学,1996,(02):15-20
[19]R.V.Shende and V.V.Mahajani.Wet oxidative regeneration of activated carbon loaded with reactive dye[J].Waste Management,2002,22(1):73-83
[20]陈玲,赵建夫,陈岳松.活性炭湿式氧化再生工艺参数控制与效率试验[J].上海环境科学, 2001,(11):551-553
[21]陈玲,赵建夫,陈岳松.活性炭湿式氧化再生效率评价方法[J].环境科学,2001,(01):32-36
[22]N.W.Brown,et al.Electrochemical regeneration of a carbon-based adsorbent.loaded with crystal violet dye[J].Electrochimica Acta,2004,49(20):3269-3281
[23]Roberto M,Narbaitz and Jianqi Cen.Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbon[J].Water Research,1994,28(08):1771-1778
[24]Huiping Zhang,Liyi Ye,Hui Zhong.Regeneration of pHenol-saturated activated carbon in an electrochemical reactor[J].Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2002,77(11):1246-1250
[25]Huiping Zhang.Regeneration of exhausted activated carbon by electrochemical method[J].Chemical Engineering Journal.2002,85(01):81-85
[26]叶李艺,傅志鸿,张会平,等.电化学再生活性炭的工艺参数研究[J].化工科技,2000,(01):1-4
[27]张会平,傅志鸿,叶李艺,等.活性炭的电化学再生机理[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(01):79-83
[28]张会平,叶李艺,傅志鸿,等.活性炭的电化学再生技术研究[J].化工进展,2001,(10):17-20
[29]张会平,钟辉,叶李艺.不同化学方法再生活性炭的对比研究[J].化工进展,1999,(05):31-34
[30]张会平,钟辉叶,李艺.水处理活性炭的电化学再生技术研究[J].化学工程,1999,(02):31-33
[31]Tan C S,et al.Supercritical regeneration of Activated Carbon Loaded with Benzene and Toluene[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1989,28:1222-1226
[32]Tan C S,et al.Regeneration of Action Carbon Loaded with Toluene by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J].Sep Sci Technol,1989,24(1,2):111-127
[33]Giridhar M,et al.Supercritical fluid regeneration of activated carbon loaded with heavy molecular weight organics[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1993,32:1163-1168
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