水稻生育后期稻草饲用品质相关性状的变化规律及赤霉素处理和留茬高度对稻草饲用品质的影响
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摘要
目前我国对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的研究主要集中在稻米产量、品质及抗性方面,而对稻草饲用品质的研究较少。本文对水稻生育后期稻草饲用品质相关性状的变化规律及赤霉素(GA)处理和留茬高度对稻草饲用品质的影响进行了研究,为改善稻草饲用品质提供指导意见,有助于提高稻草饲用率,缓解南方农区因草食畜牧业快速发展产生的粗饲料短缺矛盾。
本研究先于2005-2006年利用热研2/密阳23的111个重组自交系RILs的F6、F7代及其亲本,2008年利用两优108、南粳43、南粳44、扬辐粳8号、淮稻6号、徐稻3号、86优8号、武运粳7号等8个江苏水稻品种研究了不同水稻品种(系)间稻草饲用品质的差异。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。结果表明不同品种(系)间稻草的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)、稻草中的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、去灰分酸性洗涤纤维(ADFom)、粗灰分(CA)含量间存在显著差异。IVDMD与NSC极显著正相关(p<0.01),与ADFom、CA极显著负相关(p<0.01)。
本研究于2008年利用两优108、南粳43、南粳44、扬辐粳8号、淮稻6号、徐稻3号、86优8号、武运粳7号等8个江苏水稻品种,2009和2010年利用两优108、淮稻6号、南粳43和南粳44等4个江苏水稻品种研究了水稻开花后1-5周稻草(茎鞘和叶片)饲用品质相关性状——NSC、粗蛋白(CP),半纤维素,ADFom、CA的变化规律。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。结果表明,稻草中的NSC含量在开花后1-3周大幅下降,至第5周又有不同幅度的回升,NSC回升率(NSCRR)不同品种间存在显著差异；CP含量在开花后1-5周持续下降；半纤维素含量在开花后第1周小幅下降,第2周左右含量有所回升,第5周与第1周的含量相当；而ADFom和CA含量开花后1-5周维持相对稳定的水平。
2009-2010年对稻草茎鞘和叶片中各饲用品质相关性状研究后发现,开花后1-2周茎鞘中的NSC含量高于叶片中的含量,3周左右低于叶片中的含量,4-5周时又高于叶片中的含量。开花后1-5周叶片中的CP和半纤维素含量均高于茎鞘中的含量；而ADFom和CA含量则低于茎鞘中的含量。开花后1-2周,稻草中NSC的主要成分是淀粉,而在开花后3周以后,NSC的主要成分是WSC。
本研究又于2009年利用南粳43、南粳46和淮稻6号,2010年利用两优108、南粳43、淮稻6号、扬辐粳8号对水稻生育后期GA处理对稻草饲用品质的影响进行研究。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。2009年在水稻开花后15d对南粳43、南粳46和淮稻6号号喷施了15、30和45g/hm2的GA,2010年分别在水稻开花当天、7d和15d对两优108、淮稻6号、南粳43和扬辐粳8号喷施15、30和45g/hm2的GA,在成熟收获时测定稻草饲用品质等性状。2010年设置了10cm、20cm、30cm三个留茬高度,分析水稻成熟收获时不同留茬高度稻草饲用品质的差异,并对成熟收获的稻草添加10Scfu·g-1鲜重的乳酸菌进行青贮,分析稻草成分与发酵品质的关系。
2009年的结果表明,水稻开花后15d喷施15、30、45g/hm2浓度的GA后稻草的CP和NSC含量极显著高于对照(p<0.01)。2010年的结果表明,开花当天、7d和15d喷施15、30、45g/hm2浓度的GA,成熟收获时稻草的每分蘖绿叶面积、绿叶的SPAD和稻草的CP含量极显著高于对照(p<0.01),淮稻6号、南粳43和扬辐粳8号稻草的NSC含量显著高于对照(p<0.01)。不同时间、不同浓度喷施GA对稻草饲用品质的影响效果有所差异。稻草中的NSC和CP含量以开花后15d喷施45g/hm2的效果最好。
2010年对成熟收获时10cm、20cm和30cm留茬高度稻草中饲用品质相关性状研究后发现,稻草中的NSC和ADFom含量随着留茬高度的升高而降低,10cm留茬高度稻草中的含量高于留茬20cm和30cm的稻草,而CP含量随着留茬高度的升高而增加,留茬高度20cm和30cm的稻草CP含量高于留茬10cm的稻草。
对稻草青贮品质分析表明,稻草中的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、淀粉、NSC和CP含量与青贮浸提液的pH、NH3-N呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),与LA含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与AA、PA、BA负相关；与青贮后稻草的CP含量极显著正相关(p<0.01),与NDF、ADF含量极显著负相关(p<0.01)。
综合本研究的结果得出结论：稻草中的NSC含量与稻草消化率显著正相关,水稻开花后1-5周稻草中的NSC含量先下降后回升,不同品种间NSCRR存在显著差异,开花后喷施GA能有效延缓绿叶衰老,增加成熟时的绿叶保有量以提高稻草CP含量,增加NSC在稻草中的积累量,改善稻草饲用品质,尤以开花后15d喷施45g/hm2GA效果最佳。稻草中的NSC和ADFom含量随着留茬高度的升高而下降,CP含量则随着留茬高度的升高而升高,因此适度提高留茬高度有利于稻草饲用品质的改善。稻草中的NSC和CP含量与青贮后的发酵品质和饲用品质显著正相关。
With the development of livestock industry, rice(Oryza sativa L.) straw as roughage to increase feed production in paddy field to solve the shortage of feedstuffs was needed in southeastern China. The objective of this study was to reveal the dynamics of feeding value related traits of rice straw during late growth period and the effects of applying gibberellic acid (GA) after anthesis and different cutting heights on the feeding value of rice straw.
A set of111recombinant inbred lines (RILs)(F6/F7) rice population which were derived from a cross of'Nekken2'X'Gaya'and their parents were employed in2005and2006, and eight rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44, Wuyunjing7, Yangfujing8,86you8, Xudao3) in2008were employed to investigate the feeding value related traits of rice straw among different varieties:in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), acid detergent fibre (exclusive of residual ash, ADFom) and crude ash (CA) in dry matter of rice straw. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area. The results indicated that differences of IVDMD, NSC, ADFom and CA among varieties were significant(p<0.01); IVDMD positively correlated with the content of NSC(p<0.01), and negatively correlated with the content of ADFom and CA(p<0.01).
Eight rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44, Wuyunjing7, Yangfujing8,86you8, Xudao3) in2008, four rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44) in2009and2010were employed to investigate the changes of the content of NSC, crude protein (CP), hemicelloluse, ADFom and CA in dry matter of rice straw from weeks1to5after anthesis. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area, and were sampled from weeks1to5after anthesis in2008,2009and2010, and the content of NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in tillers (panicle removed) were determined. The content of CP in tillers was assayed in2009and2010. The results showed that the content of NSC decreased sharply from week1to3, and increased to week5after anthesis, and the rebounding rate of NSC (NSCRR) among varieties was different; the content of CP decreased from week1to5after anthesis; hemicellulose content in week5kept at an approximate level with that of week1after anthesis; ADFom and CA content kept at a constant level from week1to5after anthesis.
In2009and2010, NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in stems(plus sheathes) and leaves were assayed. NSC content in stems was higher than in leaves in week1and2after anthesis, and was lower than in leaves in week3after anthesis, and was higher than in leaves in week4and5after anthesis again. CP and hemicelloluse content in leaves were higher than in stems from weeks1to5, while ADFom and CA content were lower than in stems from weeks1to5. From week1to2after anthesis, starch was the main component of NSC, however, WSC was the main component of NSC from week3to5after anthesis.
Three rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Nanjing46, Nanjing43and Huaidao6) in2009and four rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43and Yangfujing8) in2010were employed to investigate the effects of applying GA after anthesis on the feeding value of rice straw. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area. They were applied15,30,45g/hm2GA on the15th day after anthesis in2009, and applied15,30,45g/hm2GA on the1st day,7th day,15th day after anthesis in2010. At harvest, the content of NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in dry matter of rice straw were assayed in two years. In2010, the area of green leaves per tiller and the SPAD of green leaves were assayed. The results in2009showed NSC and CP content in rice straw were increased by applying GA on the15th d after anthesis. The results in2010showed that applying GA after anthesis on the1st,7th and15th d with3different concentrations could all improve the feeding value of rice straw by increasing the content of NSC and CP in rice straw, especially on the15th d with45g/hm2GA.
In2010, the rice straw were harvested at10cm,20cm and30cm cutting heights, and were silaged with application of lactic acid bacteria (105cfu·g-1,fresh weight). The results indicated that the content of NSC and ADFom in rice straw decreased with the increasing of cutting height; CP content in rice straw increased with the increasing of cutting height. The content of NSC and CP in rice straw before silage were positively correlated with the fermatation quality and feeding value of rice straw silage.
In conclusions, the differences of feeding value of rice straw among varieties were significant; NSC content was positively correlated with the digestibility of rice straw; NSC content in rice straw decreased from week1to week3after anthesis, then increased to week5after anthesis, and NSCRR among different varieties was different; applying GA after anthesis especially on the15th day after anthesis with concentration45g/hm2could significantly increase the NSC and CP content in rice straw, thus improving the feeding value of rice straw; CP increased with the increasing of cutting height and ADFom decreased with the increasing of cutting height, so increasing cutting height could also improve the feeding value of rice straw. The content of NSC and CP in rice straw before silage were positively correlated with the fermentation quality and the feeding value of rice straw silage.
本研究先于2005-2006年利用热研2/密阳23的111个重组自交系RILs的F6、F7代及其亲本,2008年利用两优108、南粳43、南粳44、扬辐粳8号、淮稻6号、徐稻3号、86优8号、武运粳7号等8个江苏水稻品种研究了不同水稻品种(系)间稻草饲用品质的差异。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。结果表明不同品种(系)间稻草的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)、稻草中的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、去灰分酸性洗涤纤维(ADFom)、粗灰分(CA)含量间存在显著差异。IVDMD与NSC极显著正相关(p<0.01),与ADFom、CA极显著负相关(p<0.01)。
本研究于2008年利用两优108、南粳43、南粳44、扬辐粳8号、淮稻6号、徐稻3号、86优8号、武运粳7号等8个江苏水稻品种,2009和2010年利用两优108、淮稻6号、南粳43和南粳44等4个江苏水稻品种研究了水稻开花后1-5周稻草(茎鞘和叶片)饲用品质相关性状——NSC、粗蛋白(CP),半纤维素,ADFom、CA的变化规律。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。结果表明,稻草中的NSC含量在开花后1-3周大幅下降,至第5周又有不同幅度的回升,NSC回升率(NSCRR)不同品种间存在显著差异；CP含量在开花后1-5周持续下降；半纤维素含量在开花后第1周小幅下降,第2周左右含量有所回升,第5周与第1周的含量相当；而ADFom和CA含量开花后1-5周维持相对稳定的水平。
2009-2010年对稻草茎鞘和叶片中各饲用品质相关性状研究后发现,开花后1-2周茎鞘中的NSC含量高于叶片中的含量,3周左右低于叶片中的含量,4-5周时又高于叶片中的含量。开花后1-5周叶片中的CP和半纤维素含量均高于茎鞘中的含量；而ADFom和CA含量则低于茎鞘中的含量。开花后1-2周,稻草中NSC的主要成分是淀粉,而在开花后3周以后,NSC的主要成分是WSC。
本研究又于2009年利用南粳43、南粳46和淮稻6号,2010年利用两优108、南粳43、淮稻6号、扬辐粳8号对水稻生育后期GA处理对稻草饲用品质的影响进行研究。田间试验在江苏省农科院水稻试验田进行,常规肥水管理。2009年在水稻开花后15d对南粳43、南粳46和淮稻6号号喷施了15、30和45g/hm2的GA,2010年分别在水稻开花当天、7d和15d对两优108、淮稻6号、南粳43和扬辐粳8号喷施15、30和45g/hm2的GA,在成熟收获时测定稻草饲用品质等性状。2010年设置了10cm、20cm、30cm三个留茬高度,分析水稻成熟收获时不同留茬高度稻草饲用品质的差异,并对成熟收获的稻草添加10Scfu·g-1鲜重的乳酸菌进行青贮,分析稻草成分与发酵品质的关系。
2009年的结果表明,水稻开花后15d喷施15、30、45g/hm2浓度的GA后稻草的CP和NSC含量极显著高于对照(p<0.01)。2010年的结果表明,开花当天、7d和15d喷施15、30、45g/hm2浓度的GA,成熟收获时稻草的每分蘖绿叶面积、绿叶的SPAD和稻草的CP含量极显著高于对照(p<0.01),淮稻6号、南粳43和扬辐粳8号稻草的NSC含量显著高于对照(p<0.01)。不同时间、不同浓度喷施GA对稻草饲用品质的影响效果有所差异。稻草中的NSC和CP含量以开花后15d喷施45g/hm2的效果最好。
2010年对成熟收获时10cm、20cm和30cm留茬高度稻草中饲用品质相关性状研究后发现,稻草中的NSC和ADFom含量随着留茬高度的升高而降低,10cm留茬高度稻草中的含量高于留茬20cm和30cm的稻草,而CP含量随着留茬高度的升高而增加,留茬高度20cm和30cm的稻草CP含量高于留茬10cm的稻草。
对稻草青贮品质分析表明,稻草中的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、淀粉、NSC和CP含量与青贮浸提液的pH、NH3-N呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),与LA含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与AA、PA、BA负相关；与青贮后稻草的CP含量极显著正相关(p<0.01),与NDF、ADF含量极显著负相关(p<0.01)。
综合本研究的结果得出结论：稻草中的NSC含量与稻草消化率显著正相关,水稻开花后1-5周稻草中的NSC含量先下降后回升,不同品种间NSCRR存在显著差异,开花后喷施GA能有效延缓绿叶衰老,增加成熟时的绿叶保有量以提高稻草CP含量,增加NSC在稻草中的积累量,改善稻草饲用品质,尤以开花后15d喷施45g/hm2GA效果最佳。稻草中的NSC和ADFom含量随着留茬高度的升高而下降,CP含量则随着留茬高度的升高而升高,因此适度提高留茬高度有利于稻草饲用品质的改善。稻草中的NSC和CP含量与青贮后的发酵品质和饲用品质显著正相关。
With the development of livestock industry, rice(Oryza sativa L.) straw as roughage to increase feed production in paddy field to solve the shortage of feedstuffs was needed in southeastern China. The objective of this study was to reveal the dynamics of feeding value related traits of rice straw during late growth period and the effects of applying gibberellic acid (GA) after anthesis and different cutting heights on the feeding value of rice straw.
A set of111recombinant inbred lines (RILs)(F6/F7) rice population which were derived from a cross of'Nekken2'X'Gaya'and their parents were employed in2005and2006, and eight rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44, Wuyunjing7, Yangfujing8,86you8, Xudao3) in2008were employed to investigate the feeding value related traits of rice straw among different varieties:in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD), the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), acid detergent fibre (exclusive of residual ash, ADFom) and crude ash (CA) in dry matter of rice straw. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area. The results indicated that differences of IVDMD, NSC, ADFom and CA among varieties were significant(p<0.01); IVDMD positively correlated with the content of NSC(p<0.01), and negatively correlated with the content of ADFom and CA(p<0.01).
Eight rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44, Wuyunjing7, Yangfujing8,86you8, Xudao3) in2008, four rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43, Nanjing44) in2009and2010were employed to investigate the changes of the content of NSC, crude protein (CP), hemicelloluse, ADFom and CA in dry matter of rice straw from weeks1to5after anthesis. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area, and were sampled from weeks1to5after anthesis in2008,2009and2010, and the content of NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in tillers (panicle removed) were determined. The content of CP in tillers was assayed in2009and2010. The results showed that the content of NSC decreased sharply from week1to3, and increased to week5after anthesis, and the rebounding rate of NSC (NSCRR) among varieties was different; the content of CP decreased from week1to5after anthesis; hemicellulose content in week5kept at an approximate level with that of week1after anthesis; ADFom and CA content kept at a constant level from week1to5after anthesis.
In2009and2010, NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in stems(plus sheathes) and leaves were assayed. NSC content in stems was higher than in leaves in week1and2after anthesis, and was lower than in leaves in week3after anthesis, and was higher than in leaves in week4and5after anthesis again. CP and hemicelloluse content in leaves were higher than in stems from weeks1to5, while ADFom and CA content were lower than in stems from weeks1to5. From week1to2after anthesis, starch was the main component of NSC, however, WSC was the main component of NSC from week3to5after anthesis.
Three rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Nanjing46, Nanjing43and Huaidao6) in2009and four rice varieties in Jiangsu area (Liangyou108, Huaidao6, Nanjing43and Yangfujing8) in2010were employed to investigate the effects of applying GA after anthesis on the feeding value of rice straw. The plants were cultivated in experimental field of Jiangsu Academy Institute under common management of Jiangsu area. They were applied15,30,45g/hm2GA on the15th day after anthesis in2009, and applied15,30,45g/hm2GA on the1st day,7th day,15th day after anthesis in2010. At harvest, the content of NSC, CP, hemicellulose, ADFom and CA in dry matter of rice straw were assayed in two years. In2010, the area of green leaves per tiller and the SPAD of green leaves were assayed. The results in2009showed NSC and CP content in rice straw were increased by applying GA on the15th d after anthesis. The results in2010showed that applying GA after anthesis on the1st,7th and15th d with3different concentrations could all improve the feeding value of rice straw by increasing the content of NSC and CP in rice straw, especially on the15th d with45g/hm2GA.
In2010, the rice straw were harvested at10cm,20cm and30cm cutting heights, and were silaged with application of lactic acid bacteria (105cfu·g-1,fresh weight). The results indicated that the content of NSC and ADFom in rice straw decreased with the increasing of cutting height; CP content in rice straw increased with the increasing of cutting height. The content of NSC and CP in rice straw before silage were positively correlated with the fermatation quality and feeding value of rice straw silage.
In conclusions, the differences of feeding value of rice straw among varieties were significant; NSC content was positively correlated with the digestibility of rice straw; NSC content in rice straw decreased from week1to week3after anthesis, then increased to week5after anthesis, and NSCRR among different varieties was different; applying GA after anthesis especially on the15th day after anthesis with concentration45g/hm2could significantly increase the NSC and CP content in rice straw, thus improving the feeding value of rice straw; CP increased with the increasing of cutting height and ADFom decreased with the increasing of cutting height, so increasing cutting height could also improve the feeding value of rice straw. The content of NSC and CP in rice straw before silage were positively correlated with the fermentation quality and the feeding value of rice straw silage.
引文
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