普通高校国防生培养模式研究
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摘要
实行依托普通高等教育培养国防生制度,将军事人才基础教育深度融入国民教育总体布局,是党中央、国务院、中央军委作出的战略决策,是军民融合培养高素质军事人才的重大举措,是我军干部培养制度的重大创新。经过十多年的探索和实践,国防生培养规模布局不断优化,政策体系逐步健全,法规制度不断完善,质量效益稳步提升。截至目前,全国有118所普通高校与军队签约培养国防生,其中60%为国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校,已毕业的7.3万余名国防生在部队各个领域发挥了重要生力军作用。与此同时,国防生培养工作在领导管理、培养模式、政策保障和队伍建设上也还存在一些矛盾问题亟待解决。在建设人才强国、实施科技强军的战略背景下,我军国防生培养工作面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。
本文结合国防生培养工作实际,运用文献分析法、案例研究法、统计调查法等研究方法,综合运用中国特色军事理论、军事人才培养理论、人才培养模式理论、国防生培养相关政策法规和实践探索经验等,对国防生培养模式进行了深入研究分析。要着力解决的核心问题是,在新形势下如何着眼党、国家和军队事业发展全局,在新起点上进一步拓宽国防生培养工作的视野,优化国防生培养模式,推动国防生培养工作创新发展,提高国防生培养工作质量效益。本文首先对国防生培养模式的相关概念作出了界定,对国内外研究情况和国防生培养工作的历史沿革进行了梳理；其次,从构成模式的结构样式和运行方式两个方面入手,对国防生培养工作的发展现状进行了分析,查找了存在的矛盾问题和面临的机遇挑战；最后,结合L高校国防生培养的实证研究,借鉴美军后备军官训练团培养模式成功经验,提出了优化国防生培养模式的对策建议,对于新时期普通高校国防生培养工作有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。
Relying on ordinary higher education to train the national defense students, the military personnel foundation education being involved deep into the national education overall layout, the party central committee and the state council and the central military commission to make strategic decision, featuring military and civilian integration is to cultivate high-quality military personnel of a major step, is our army cadre training system innovation. After more than ten years of exploration and practice, the national defense students training scale constantly optimize the layout, policy system gradually perfect laws and regulations, improve quality and efficiency, steadily improved. At present, there are throughout the country118colleges sign up for the army training talents,60%for the national "985project" and "211project" key universities, more than73000of the national defense students graduated has played an important role in various fields in the army. Meanwhile, national defense students training in leadership management, training mode, policy guarantee and team construction also has some problem need to be solved urgently. In the construction of reinvigorating China through human resource development, implementing the strategy of building science and technology background, our national defense students cultivation is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
Combining with the practical work of the national defense students training, using literature analysis, case study, survey research methods, the integrated use of Chinese characteristic military theory, military personnel training theory, talent training mode theory, national defense students training related policies and regulations and practice experience, to the national defense students training mode to carry on the thorough research and analysis. To resolve the core of the problem is that, in the new situation, how to look forward to the party, state and army career development, in the new starting point to further broaden the view of the national defense students training, optimization of the national defense students training mode, and promote the innovation and development of the national defense students training, further improve the quality and efficiency of the national defense students training. In this paper, at first the national defense students training mode of the related concepts to the definition, the domestic and foreign research situation and the national defense students training work, the author discusses the historical evolution. Secondly, from the composition of the model structure style and mode of operation two aspects, on the development of the national defense students training analysis of the current situation, find the existing problem and opportunities facing the challenge, Finally, combined with L university national defense students training of empirical studies, from the U.S. ROTC training mode successful experience, puts forward the optimization of the national defense students training mode of countermeasures, for the training work of the national defense students in common colleges and universities in the new period is of certain reference meaning and reference value.
本文结合国防生培养工作实际,运用文献分析法、案例研究法、统计调查法等研究方法,综合运用中国特色军事理论、军事人才培养理论、人才培养模式理论、国防生培养相关政策法规和实践探索经验等,对国防生培养模式进行了深入研究分析。要着力解决的核心问题是,在新形势下如何着眼党、国家和军队事业发展全局,在新起点上进一步拓宽国防生培养工作的视野,优化国防生培养模式,推动国防生培养工作创新发展,提高国防生培养工作质量效益。本文首先对国防生培养模式的相关概念作出了界定,对国内外研究情况和国防生培养工作的历史沿革进行了梳理；其次,从构成模式的结构样式和运行方式两个方面入手,对国防生培养工作的发展现状进行了分析,查找了存在的矛盾问题和面临的机遇挑战；最后,结合L高校国防生培养的实证研究,借鉴美军后备军官训练团培养模式成功经验,提出了优化国防生培养模式的对策建议,对于新时期普通高校国防生培养工作有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。
Relying on ordinary higher education to train the national defense students, the military personnel foundation education being involved deep into the national education overall layout, the party central committee and the state council and the central military commission to make strategic decision, featuring military and civilian integration is to cultivate high-quality military personnel of a major step, is our army cadre training system innovation. After more than ten years of exploration and practice, the national defense students training scale constantly optimize the layout, policy system gradually perfect laws and regulations, improve quality and efficiency, steadily improved. At present, there are throughout the country118colleges sign up for the army training talents,60%for the national "985project" and "211project" key universities, more than73000of the national defense students graduated has played an important role in various fields in the army. Meanwhile, national defense students training in leadership management, training mode, policy guarantee and team construction also has some problem need to be solved urgently. In the construction of reinvigorating China through human resource development, implementing the strategy of building science and technology background, our national defense students cultivation is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
Combining with the practical work of the national defense students training, using literature analysis, case study, survey research methods, the integrated use of Chinese characteristic military theory, military personnel training theory, talent training mode theory, national defense students training related policies and regulations and practice experience, to the national defense students training mode to carry on the thorough research and analysis. To resolve the core of the problem is that, in the new situation, how to look forward to the party, state and army career development, in the new starting point to further broaden the view of the national defense students training, optimization of the national defense students training mode, and promote the innovation and development of the national defense students training, further improve the quality and efficiency of the national defense students training. In this paper, at first the national defense students training mode of the related concepts to the definition, the domestic and foreign research situation and the national defense students training work, the author discusses the historical evolution. Secondly, from the composition of the model structure style and mode of operation two aspects, on the development of the national defense students training analysis of the current situation, find the existing problem and opportunities facing the challenge, Finally, combined with L university national defense students training of empirical studies, from the U.S. ROTC training mode successful experience, puts forward the optimization of the national defense students training mode of countermeasures, for the training work of the national defense students in common colleges and universities in the new period is of certain reference meaning and reference value.
引文
[1]胡锦涛.在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告——坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进,为全面建成小康社会而奋斗[N].人民日报.2012-11-8.
[2][3]江泽民.论国防和军队建设[M].北京：解放军出版社.2003.
[4]Johnson. M. H:Army ROTC s challenge:providing lieutenant for the objective force. AD-A404216,Apr.200.
[5]Tim. Kleppinger:A Proposal for the Merger of the L.5.Army Recruiting Command (USA REC) and the U.S. Army Cadet Command, AD-A389814, Feb.2001.
[6]Robert W. Thomas Jr.:Teaching Tomorrow's Leader:A Comparison Of Leadership Development At The United States Military Academy And United Stated States Naval Academy.美国海军研究生院.2000.
[7]Lehnus. Jerome D. Born Dana H.:Fair exchange:education and service procuring America's Officer corps. ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DENFENCE (FORCE MANAGEMENT POLICY) WASHINGTON DC.1999.
[8]总参谋部军训部.世界部分国家和地区军队训练情况[M].北京：解放军出版社,2000.
[9]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：潘毅.美国陆军ROTC奖学金计划的特点及启示[J].海军院校教育.2004(5)：72-74.
[10]庞世伟,邵中印.论外军依托国民教育培养军事人才的基本经验及其借鉴意义.[J].科技进步与对策.2004(11)：44-45.
[11]范玉芳.美国陆军后备军官训练团的改革与发展动向[J].海军院校教育.2004(14)：68-71.
[12]汪平.美国依托地方普通高校培养高素质国防人才研究[J].高等工程教育研究.2007(1)：82-86.
[13]高海生,刘国党,王卫霞.美军依托地方高校培养军事人才的现状及启示[J].国家教育行政学院学报.2007(5)：88-90.
[14]童宇.我国高校国防生与美国“后备军官训练团”培养模式比较研究[N].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[15]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：姚鸿.适应信息化战争需求的后备军官培养模式[N].中国人民解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[16]张学林.国防生培养问题研究[M].北京.军事谊文出版社.2006.
[17]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：王立丁.国防生教育管理模式研究[N].中南大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[18]唐旭丹.普通高校国防生培养模式研究[N].湘潭大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[19]张立满.国防生培养问题研究[N].空军指挥学院硕士学位论文.2008.
[20]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[21]蒋磊.国防生军队基层文化工作能力培养的探索[N].东北师范大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[22]王福林.国防生培养组织管理体制改革研究[N].中南大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[23]周世焘.我国国防生培养工作机制研究[N].华南理工大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[24]胡月.国防生培养政策实施过程中存在的主要问题及对策分析[N].吉林大学硕士学位论文2011.
[25]王超.国防生素质评价研究[N]..哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[26]陈洪亮.国防生价值观培养问题研究[N].长春理工大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[27]吴诚.高校后备军官能力开发与素质培养研究[N].兰州大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[28]中国国防生网站.国防生的定义及基本条件.]http://www.guofangsheng.com.
[29]总政治部干部部.中国国防生[M].北京：解放军出版社.2008.
[30]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[31]刘明浚.大学教育环境论要[M].北京：航空工业出版社.1993.
[32]林玲.高等院校“人才培养模式”研究述论[J].四川师范大学学报.2008.
[33]龚怡祖.略论大学培养模式[J]高等教育研究.1998(1)：86-87.
[34]阴天榜.论培养模式[J].中国高教研究.1998(4)：46-47.
[35]杨杏芳论我国高等教育人才培养模式的多样化[J].高等教育研究.1998(6)：69-72.
[36]蔡炎斌.高校创新人才培养模式之探索[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报.2006-3.(2).
[37]陈世瑛,张达明.工程本科生培养模式的研究[J].江苏高教.1997(1)：62-64.
[38]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[39]吴诚.高校后备军官能力开发与素质培养研究[N].兰州大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[40][41]林玲.高等院校“人才培养模式”研究述论[J].四川师范大学学报.2008.
[42]江泽民.论国防和军队建设[M].北京：解放军出版社.2003.
[43]孟威.新时期国防生思想政治教育刍议[J].海军院校教育.2006.
[44]胡锦涛.在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告——高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗[N].人民日报.2007-10-15.
[45]司彦文,刘海洋,张元农.“昌航模式”开拓国防生培养新天地[N].解放军报.2007-12-10.
[46]教育部.关于实施卓越工程师教育培养计划的若干意见(教高[2011]1号)[N].中华人民共和国教育部网站：http://www.moe.edu.cn.2011-02-18.
[47]童宇.我国高校国防生与美国“后备军官训练团”培养模式比较研究[N].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[48]汪平.美国依托地方普通高校培养高素质国防人才研究[J].高等工程教育研究.2007(1)：82-86.
[49][50][51]童宇.我国高校国防生与美国“后备军官训练团”培养模式比较研究[N].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[2][3]江泽民.论国防和军队建设[M].北京：解放军出版社.2003.
[4]Johnson. M. H:Army ROTC s challenge:providing lieutenant for the objective force. AD-A404216,Apr.200.
[5]Tim. Kleppinger:A Proposal for the Merger of the L.5.Army Recruiting Command (USA REC) and the U.S. Army Cadet Command, AD-A389814, Feb.2001.
[6]Robert W. Thomas Jr.:Teaching Tomorrow's Leader:A Comparison Of Leadership Development At The United States Military Academy And United Stated States Naval Academy.美国海军研究生院.2000.
[7]Lehnus. Jerome D. Born Dana H.:Fair exchange:education and service procuring America's Officer corps. ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DENFENCE (FORCE MANAGEMENT POLICY) WASHINGTON DC.1999.
[8]总参谋部军训部.世界部分国家和地区军队训练情况[M].北京：解放军出版社,2000.
[9]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：潘毅.美国陆军ROTC奖学金计划的特点及启示[J].海军院校教育.2004(5)：72-74.
[10]庞世伟,邵中印.论外军依托国民教育培养军事人才的基本经验及其借鉴意义.[J].科技进步与对策.2004(11)：44-45.
[11]范玉芳.美国陆军后备军官训练团的改革与发展动向[J].海军院校教育.2004(14)：68-71.
[12]汪平.美国依托地方普通高校培养高素质国防人才研究[J].高等工程教育研究.2007(1)：82-86.
[13]高海生,刘国党,王卫霞.美军依托地方高校培养军事人才的现状及启示[J].国家教育行政学院学报.2007(5)：88-90.
[14]童宇.我国高校国防生与美国“后备军官训练团”培养模式比较研究[N].中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[15]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：姚鸿.适应信息化战争需求的后备军官培养模式[N].中国人民解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[16]张学林.国防生培养问题研究[M].北京.军事谊文出版社.2006.
[17]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.转引自：王立丁.国防生教育管理模式研究[N].中南大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[18]唐旭丹.普通高校国防生培养模式研究[N].湘潭大学硕士学位论文.2008.
[19]张立满.国防生培养问题研究[N].空军指挥学院硕士学位论文.2008.
[20]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[21]蒋磊.国防生军队基层文化工作能力培养的探索[N].东北师范大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[22]王福林.国防生培养组织管理体制改革研究[N].中南大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[23]周世焘.我国国防生培养工作机制研究[N].华南理工大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[24]胡月.国防生培养政策实施过程中存在的主要问题及对策分析[N].吉林大学硕士学位论文2011.
[25]王超.国防生素质评价研究[N]..哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[26]陈洪亮.国防生价值观培养问题研究[N].长春理工大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[27]吴诚.高校后备军官能力开发与素质培养研究[N].兰州大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[28]中国国防生网站.国防生的定义及基本条件.]http://www.guofangsheng.com.
[29]总政治部干部部.中国国防生[M].北京：解放军出版社.2008.
[30]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[31]刘明浚.大学教育环境论要[M].北京：航空工业出版社.1993.
[32]林玲.高等院校“人才培养模式”研究述论[J].四川师范大学学报.2008.
[33]龚怡祖.略论大学培养模式[J]高等教育研究.1998(1)：86-87.
[34]阴天榜.论培养模式[J].中国高教研究.1998(4)：46-47.
[35]杨杏芳论我国高等教育人才培养模式的多样化[J].高等教育研究.1998(6)：69-72.
[36]蔡炎斌.高校创新人才培养模式之探索[J].湖南师范大学教育科学学报.2006-3.(2).
[37]陈世瑛,张达明.工程本科生培养模式的研究[J].江苏高教.1997(1)：62-64.
[38]侯涌.国防生培养模式研究[N].国防科学技术大学的硕士学位论文.2009.
[39]吴诚.高校后备军官能力开发与素质培养研究[N].兰州大学硕士学位论文.2011.
[40][41]林玲.高等院校“人才培养模式”研究述论[J].四川师范大学学报.2008.
[42]江泽民.论国防和军队建设[M].北京：解放军出版社.2003.
[43]孟威.新时期国防生思想政治教育刍议[J].海军院校教育.2006.
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