小型牧草收获机械的设计
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摘要
随着农村产业结构调整，养殖业的比例不断增加，与之相应的牧草种植面积不断扩大。目前，在江苏省境内，牧草种植均为几十公顷以下的中小型牧草场，大多地处低山丘陵区，均以人工收割为主，工作效率低，作业成本高，而且一年要割四至五茬，劳动强度非常大，新兴的牧草种植业急需经济适用的小型牧草收割机。
结合当前养殖业发展的新特点，牧草机械的研制在机型上以中小型为主，在研究内容上，重点解决劳动强度大，用工多的牧业生产作业，考虑部分牧场的规模等，目前的往复式、圆盘式等切割装置不能很好的解决切割问题，故旨在切割原理上有所改变，应用理论分析、计算机设计和试验相结合的方法，研究一种高速双动往复式的切割器，解决柔性与硬度较大茎杆都能切割的问题。
为此，确立牧草收获机械研究项目，考虑到大型收获机械对黑麦草等柔软茎杆切割的效果较差，拟与小动力配套，设计一种双动小型轻便的牧草收获机械。
本文主要是应用机械设计方法对双动小型牧草收获机械每个零件进行尺寸设计，对主要的传动零件进行受力分析和强度计算，用AutoCAD和Pro/ENGINEEG软件进行设计和绘图，初步完成了整机的设计并整理出图纸。
As a result of the adjustment of the infrastructure of agricultural production, the portion of livestock production in agriculture is ever increasing, and the corresponding farm ing area for herbage is constantly expanded. In Jiangsu Province,most of the herbage farms at present are medium or mini-sized and invariably located in hilly lands. Herbage harvesting is generally performed manually 4to5 times each year, having a low productivity , high cost and labor intensity. The newly emerging herbage industry is urgently demanding economical mini-type herbage harvesters.
Considering the up-to-date characteristics of livestock production, the development of herbage harvesters should center on medium to mini-sized models. The high workload and labor-intensive herbage production should be a focus for research and a key problem to be solved. With regard to scales of herbage farms, the present cutting-devices of reciprocati ng and disc models can not solve cutting problems effectively. Thus the aim of this paper is to develop new theories for cutting, and by applying theoretical analyzing, computer aided design and experimental test, we developed a high-speed double reciprocating cutter which solved the cutting requirement by both soft and stiff stalks.
Based on this, a research program is initialized which thoroughly considered the poor harvesting effect of combine harvesters on soft materials such as dark wheat grass. And as an alternative, a new scheme is provided to equip with mini-scale power unit to develop a double-propelled light-weight herbage harvester.
The paper fully applied method of machine design on the development of double-pro pelled mini-scale herbage harvester, to design individual parts and perform load analyzing a nd strength evaluation. And then the software of AutoCAD and Pro/ENGINEER were used to complete the whole series drawings for the machine.
结合当前养殖业发展的新特点，牧草机械的研制在机型上以中小型为主，在研究内容上，重点解决劳动强度大，用工多的牧业生产作业，考虑部分牧场的规模等，目前的往复式、圆盘式等切割装置不能很好的解决切割问题，故旨在切割原理上有所改变，应用理论分析、计算机设计和试验相结合的方法，研究一种高速双动往复式的切割器，解决柔性与硬度较大茎杆都能切割的问题。
为此，确立牧草收获机械研究项目，考虑到大型收获机械对黑麦草等柔软茎杆切割的效果较差，拟与小动力配套，设计一种双动小型轻便的牧草收获机械。
本文主要是应用机械设计方法对双动小型牧草收获机械每个零件进行尺寸设计，对主要的传动零件进行受力分析和强度计算，用AutoCAD和Pro/ENGINEEG软件进行设计和绘图，初步完成了整机的设计并整理出图纸。
As a result of the adjustment of the infrastructure of agricultural production, the portion of livestock production in agriculture is ever increasing, and the corresponding farm ing area for herbage is constantly expanded. In Jiangsu Province,most of the herbage farms at present are medium or mini-sized and invariably located in hilly lands. Herbage harvesting is generally performed manually 4to5 times each year, having a low productivity , high cost and labor intensity. The newly emerging herbage industry is urgently demanding economical mini-type herbage harvesters.
Considering the up-to-date characteristics of livestock production, the development of herbage harvesters should center on medium to mini-sized models. The high workload and labor-intensive herbage production should be a focus for research and a key problem to be solved. With regard to scales of herbage farms, the present cutting-devices of reciprocati ng and disc models can not solve cutting problems effectively. Thus the aim of this paper is to develop new theories for cutting, and by applying theoretical analyzing, computer aided design and experimental test, we developed a high-speed double reciprocating cutter which solved the cutting requirement by both soft and stiff stalks.
Based on this, a research program is initialized which thoroughly considered the poor harvesting effect of combine harvesters on soft materials such as dark wheat grass. And as an alternative, a new scheme is provided to equip with mini-scale power unit to develop a double-propelled light-weight herbage harvester.
The paper fully applied method of machine design on the development of double-pro pelled mini-scale herbage harvester, to design individual parts and perform load analyzing a nd strength evaluation. And then the software of AutoCAD and Pro/ENGINEER were used to complete the whole series drawings for the machine.
引文
1．王定国等．机械原理和机械零件：高等教育出版社．1994；
2．陈秀宁等．机械设计课程设计．浙江大学出版社．2000；
3．[日]农业机械学会编 农业机械手册．机械工业出版社．1991；
4．詹友刚．Pro／ENGINEER中文野火版教程．清华大学出版社．2003；
5．南京农业大学．农业机械学(上下册)．中国农业出版社．1996；
6．余泳昌．农业机械使用和维修．中原农民出版社；
7．金明山等．引进国外牧草收获机械应注意的问题．现代化农业，2003(2)；
8．杨丽敏．牧草生产机械化：西部农业机械化发展新的增长点．中国农机化，2000(4)；
9．杜健明．水草收获机械切割输送装置的设计分析．农村牧区机械化，1995(2)；
10．孙守田等．黑龙江省畜牧机械化现状及今后发展趋势．黑龙江畜牧科技，1994(1)；
11．徐万宝等．集约化草地生产与草地机械化．中国草地，1997(1)；
12．盛克柱．纽荷兰几种牧草收获机械的特点．新疆农机化，2001(4)；
13．张文静．牧草收获机械的现状、机遇及发展．农村牧区机械化，2001(1)：18-20；
14．樊万本等．9GLQ-2.1型割搂草机．农机与食品机械，1995(1)：18-19；
15．高向青．9JYG-05.5型圆草捆机．新疆农机化，2000(6)；
16．邱宣怀等．机械设计．高等教育出版社．1992；
17．[联邦德国]H．L．文内尔等 现代农业机械化技术．机械工业出版社．1990；
18．姚维祯．畜牧机械．中国农业出版社．1990；
19．邱梅贞．中国农业技术发展史．机械工业出版社．1993；
20．王荫坡．中国畜牧机械化．农业出版社．1988；
21. Sasaki, Y. The National Agricultural Research Organization and Prospective Farm Mechanization Research. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA. 01-Jan-2002;
22. Karmakar, S.; Basak, S. Agricultural Mechanization Scenario in Darjeeling District of Wes Bengal. ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY. 01-Jan-2002;
23. Togashi, K. The Situation of Agricultural Mechanization in Foreign Countries (Part 3) Draft Animals and Farmlmplements in Africa. JOURNAL- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. 01-Jan-2000;
24．吴宗泽等．机械结构设计．机械工业出版社．1988；
25．庸金松等．简明机械设计手册．上海科学技术出版社．1992；
26．甘登岱．跟我学Pro／ENGINEER 2001．人民邮电出版社．2002；
27．李显旺等．收获机械的使用和维修．江苏科学技术出版社。1999；
28．尚书旗．农业机械应用技术．高等教育出版社．2001；
29．成大先．机械设计手册．化学工业出版社．1998
2．陈秀宁等．机械设计课程设计．浙江大学出版社．2000；
3．[日]农业机械学会编 农业机械手册．机械工业出版社．1991；
4．詹友刚．Pro／ENGINEER中文野火版教程．清华大学出版社．2003；
5．南京农业大学．农业机械学(上下册)．中国农业出版社．1996；
6．余泳昌．农业机械使用和维修．中原农民出版社；
7．金明山等．引进国外牧草收获机械应注意的问题．现代化农业，2003(2)；
8．杨丽敏．牧草生产机械化：西部农业机械化发展新的增长点．中国农机化，2000(4)；
9．杜健明．水草收获机械切割输送装置的设计分析．农村牧区机械化，1995(2)；
10．孙守田等．黑龙江省畜牧机械化现状及今后发展趋势．黑龙江畜牧科技，1994(1)；
11．徐万宝等．集约化草地生产与草地机械化．中国草地，1997(1)；
12．盛克柱．纽荷兰几种牧草收获机械的特点．新疆农机化，2001(4)；
13．张文静．牧草收获机械的现状、机遇及发展．农村牧区机械化，2001(1)：18-20；
14．樊万本等．9GLQ-2.1型割搂草机．农机与食品机械，1995(1)：18-19；
15．高向青．9JYG-05.5型圆草捆机．新疆农机化，2000(6)；
16．邱宣怀等．机械设计．高等教育出版社．1992；
17．[联邦德国]H．L．文内尔等 现代农业机械化技术．机械工业出版社．1990；
18．姚维祯．畜牧机械．中国农业出版社．1990；
19．邱梅贞．中国农业技术发展史．机械工业出版社．1993；
20．王荫坡．中国畜牧机械化．农业出版社．1988；
21. Sasaki, Y. The National Agricultural Research Organization and Prospective Farm Mechanization Research. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA. 01-Jan-2002;
22. Karmakar, S.; Basak, S. Agricultural Mechanization Scenario in Darjeeling District of Wes Bengal. ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY. 01-Jan-2002;
23. Togashi, K. The Situation of Agricultural Mechanization in Foreign Countries (Part 3) Draft Animals and Farmlmplements in Africa. JOURNAL- JAPANESE SOCIETY OF
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY. 01-Jan-2000;
24．吴宗泽等．机械结构设计．机械工业出版社．1988；
25．庸金松等．简明机械设计手册．上海科学技术出版社．1992；
26．甘登岱．跟我学Pro／ENGINEER 2001．人民邮电出版社．2002；
27．李显旺等．收获机械的使用和维修．江苏科学技术出版社。1999；
28．尚书旗．农业机械应用技术．高等教育出版社．2001；
29．成大先．机械设计手册．化学工业出版社．1998