电力变压器内部故障数字仿真及其保护新原理的研究
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摘要
随着电力工业的发展和大容量、超高压大型电力变压器的不断投入使用,对大中型电力变压器保护的安全性、可靠性、灵敏性、选择性和快速性提出了更高的要求。在变压器差动保护中,如何区分励磁涌流与内部故障电流是一个先天性的、不可回避的难题,多年来一直成为研究的热点,而且现有的变压器保护原理也都存在一定的缺陷,其主要原因在于对变压器内部故障的机理认识不够。因此,大力开展变压器内部故障仿真研究是十分必要的,它对于完善变压器绕组内部故障的分析与计算,提高大中型电力变压器的继电保护水平,减少重大事故的发生,开发研制新一代继电保护装置等都具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本论文围绕电力变压器内部故障仿真分析方法及其保护新原理的研究展开工作。全文共分八章。第一章主要阐述了开展本课题研究工作的目的和意义,对当前国内外相关方面的研究作了较为全面的总结,提出了本论文的研究内容。第二章详细论述了变压器内部故障仿真线性模型的相关原理,并细致说明了线性仿真模型参数的计算过程,提出了从磁路计算变压器模型参数的方法。考虑到大型变压器中线圈分布的不均匀性,提出了计算仿真模型参数的改进方法,为详细分析变压器内部故障奠定了基础。第三章将变压器铁芯的非线性特性包括在仿真模型中,利用仿真软件中的有限元分析法计算等值电路参数,并根据这些参数建立变压器内部故障的仿真试验电路模型和测量变压器的各种电气量,这种非线性模型比线性模型更加准确。第四章介绍了“变压器内部故障仿真试验系统”软件,该系统可以方便地模拟变压器内部故障、励磁涌流等其它运行工况,并能够给出故障后变压器各电气量的计算值,可以广泛应用于电力变压器的内部故障分析和保护研究的场合,大大方便了继电保护工作者。第五章根据变压器的原始正常模型,推导出了基于变压器模型的保护原理动作方程,并提出了保护方案。该变压器保护方案不受励磁涌流的影响,而且无需精确取得变压器的内部参数,实施简单,仿真和动模试验结果证明了该原理的可行性。第六章研究了两种鉴别变压器励磁涌流的新方法。第一种是基于电压与电流微分比值原理的励磁涌流鉴别方法,第二种是基于基波分量衰减的励磁涌流鉴别方法。通过对仿真试验和动模试验数据验证了这两种鉴别方法的可行性。第七章将模糊理论引入变压器保护中,将前两章中研究的变压器保护新原理应用到模糊判据中,发挥它们对区分励磁涌流和变压器轻微匝间故障电流的良好能力。对每种判据给出了其隶属函数,制定出了基于模糊识别原理的新型变压器保护总体方案。第八章是全文的总结。
With development of power industry and the coming into operation constantly of large capacity, large-scale extra high voltage power transformer, put forward high demand to security, dependability, sensitivity, alternative, fast of large-and-middle-scale transformer protection. In the transformer differential protection, it is a congenital and difficult problem that can't be avoided how to distinguish the magnetizing inrush current with the internal fault current. It has become the focus studied for many years. The existing transformer protection principles all have certain defects and the main reason lies in inadequate understand of the transformer fault mechanism.
So, it is very essential to promote the research of simulation of transformer internal fault which have important theory meaning and practical value to perfect the analysis and calculation of the transformer winding internal fault, improve the relay protection level of the large-and-middle-scale power transformer, reduce serious emergence of accident and develop a new generation protective relay equipments.
This thesis organizes work around the analytical method of the power transformer internal fault and the research of transformer protection new principle. The full text divides into eight chapters altogether.
In chapter one, the purpose and significance of this dissertation is elaborated and the comprehensive summary has been made on domestic and international relevant respects at present. Then the study content of this dissertation is also presented.
In chapter two, the relevant principles of the linear simulation model of transformer internal fault have been described in detail. The computational process of the linear simulation model has been explained carefully. The calculation method of transformer model parameters based on the magnetic circuit method is presented. Considering the distribution disparity in the large-scale transformer coil, the improvement method to calculate model parameters has been proposed. All of chapter two establishes the foundation for analyzing the transformer internal fault in detail.
In chapter three, the nonlinear characteristics of the iron core of transformer have been included in the simulation model. The finite element analysis approach in simulation software to calculate the parameters of equivalent circuit has been utilized. Based on these parameters, the simulation experimental circuit model of the internal fault can be set up and various kinds of electric quantity of transformer can be measured. Such nonlinear model is more accurate than the linear model.
In chapter four, the software of the transformer internal fault simulation test system has been introduced. This software can be broadly applied to the analysis and protection study of transformer internal fault which have facilitated protective relay workers greatly . In chapter five, according to the primitive normal model of the transformer, the principle operation equations of transformer protection have been derived and the protection scheme have been put forward. This transformer protection scheme is immune to the magnetizing inrush current influence and does not need the accurate parameter of transformer. The scheme is simple and has been proved with the simulation test and dynamic analog test. In chapter six, two novel methods of distinguishing magnetizing inrush current have been studied. One is the method of distinguishing magnetizing inrush current based on the ratio of voltage and fluxional differential current, and the other one is the method based on attenuation of fundamental wave. The feasibility of these two methods has been proved with the simulation test and dynamic analog test. In chapter seven, fuzzy theory has been introduced to transformer protection. The transformer protection principles that studied in above chapters have been applied to the fuzzy criterion and have played good ability to distinguish the magnetizing inrush current with the light current of transformer internal turn-to-turn fault. Slave function to each kind of criterion has been provided and the overall scheme of transformer protection based on the fuzzy recognition theory has been made. In chapter eight, the summary of the full text is illustrated.
本论文围绕电力变压器内部故障仿真分析方法及其保护新原理的研究展开工作。全文共分八章。第一章主要阐述了开展本课题研究工作的目的和意义,对当前国内外相关方面的研究作了较为全面的总结,提出了本论文的研究内容。第二章详细论述了变压器内部故障仿真线性模型的相关原理,并细致说明了线性仿真模型参数的计算过程,提出了从磁路计算变压器模型参数的方法。考虑到大型变压器中线圈分布的不均匀性,提出了计算仿真模型参数的改进方法,为详细分析变压器内部故障奠定了基础。第三章将变压器铁芯的非线性特性包括在仿真模型中,利用仿真软件中的有限元分析法计算等值电路参数,并根据这些参数建立变压器内部故障的仿真试验电路模型和测量变压器的各种电气量,这种非线性模型比线性模型更加准确。第四章介绍了“变压器内部故障仿真试验系统”软件,该系统可以方便地模拟变压器内部故障、励磁涌流等其它运行工况,并能够给出故障后变压器各电气量的计算值,可以广泛应用于电力变压器的内部故障分析和保护研究的场合,大大方便了继电保护工作者。第五章根据变压器的原始正常模型,推导出了基于变压器模型的保护原理动作方程,并提出了保护方案。该变压器保护方案不受励磁涌流的影响,而且无需精确取得变压器的内部参数,实施简单,仿真和动模试验结果证明了该原理的可行性。第六章研究了两种鉴别变压器励磁涌流的新方法。第一种是基于电压与电流微分比值原理的励磁涌流鉴别方法,第二种是基于基波分量衰减的励磁涌流鉴别方法。通过对仿真试验和动模试验数据验证了这两种鉴别方法的可行性。第七章将模糊理论引入变压器保护中,将前两章中研究的变压器保护新原理应用到模糊判据中,发挥它们对区分励磁涌流和变压器轻微匝间故障电流的良好能力。对每种判据给出了其隶属函数,制定出了基于模糊识别原理的新型变压器保护总体方案。第八章是全文的总结。
With development of power industry and the coming into operation constantly of large capacity, large-scale extra high voltage power transformer, put forward high demand to security, dependability, sensitivity, alternative, fast of large-and-middle-scale transformer protection. In the transformer differential protection, it is a congenital and difficult problem that can't be avoided how to distinguish the magnetizing inrush current with the internal fault current. It has become the focus studied for many years. The existing transformer protection principles all have certain defects and the main reason lies in inadequate understand of the transformer fault mechanism.
So, it is very essential to promote the research of simulation of transformer internal fault which have important theory meaning and practical value to perfect the analysis and calculation of the transformer winding internal fault, improve the relay protection level of the large-and-middle-scale power transformer, reduce serious emergence of accident and develop a new generation protective relay equipments.
This thesis organizes work around the analytical method of the power transformer internal fault and the research of transformer protection new principle. The full text divides into eight chapters altogether.
In chapter one, the purpose and significance of this dissertation is elaborated and the comprehensive summary has been made on domestic and international relevant respects at present. Then the study content of this dissertation is also presented.
In chapter two, the relevant principles of the linear simulation model of transformer internal fault have been described in detail. The computational process of the linear simulation model has been explained carefully. The calculation method of transformer model parameters based on the magnetic circuit method is presented. Considering the distribution disparity in the large-scale transformer coil, the improvement method to calculate model parameters has been proposed. All of chapter two establishes the foundation for analyzing the transformer internal fault in detail.
In chapter three, the nonlinear characteristics of the iron core of transformer have been included in the simulation model. The finite element analysis approach in simulation software to calculate the parameters of equivalent circuit has been utilized. Based on these parameters, the simulation experimental circuit model of the internal fault can be set up and various kinds of electric quantity of transformer can be measured. Such nonlinear model is more accurate than the linear model.
In chapter four, the software of the transformer internal fault simulation test system has been introduced. This software can be broadly applied to the analysis and protection study of transformer internal fault which have facilitated protective relay workers greatly . In chapter five, according to the primitive normal model of the transformer, the principle operation equations of transformer protection have been derived and the protection scheme have been put forward. This transformer protection scheme is immune to the magnetizing inrush current influence and does not need the accurate parameter of transformer. The scheme is simple and has been proved with the simulation test and dynamic analog test. In chapter six, two novel methods of distinguishing magnetizing inrush current have been studied. One is the method of distinguishing magnetizing inrush current based on the ratio of voltage and fluxional differential current, and the other one is the method based on attenuation of fundamental wave. The feasibility of these two methods has been proved with the simulation test and dynamic analog test. In chapter seven, fuzzy theory has been introduced to transformer protection. The transformer protection principles that studied in above chapters have been applied to the fuzzy criterion and have played good ability to distinguish the magnetizing inrush current with the light current of transformer internal turn-to-turn fault. Slave function to each kind of criterion has been provided and the overall scheme of transformer protection based on the fuzzy recognition theory has been made. In chapter eight, the summary of the full text is illustrated.
引文
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