用户名: 密码: 验证码:
切削加工过程中声音信号的实验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着生活水平的提高和人们环保意识的增强,噪声问题越来越受到人们的关注,但是国内外关于切削过程中噪声的研究,特别是可听声范围内的切削过程噪声研究和铣削过程中声音问题的国内外文献记载很少,为了更好的解决机械加工生产中的噪声问题,本文对车削加工和铣削加工过程中的噪声进行实验研究,具体内容如下:
     (1)介绍噪声的有关概念及术语,分析噪声的产生机理和影响因素。
     (2)在切削加工过程噪声影响因素分析的基础上,首先在普通车床上采用单因素试验方法研究主轴转速、切削深度、进给量、刀具主偏角等对车削加工过程中纯切削噪声的影响,得出影响规律;然后采用七因素二水平进行正交切削试验,得出车削噪声经验公式。
     (3)在数控车削中心上研究了切削用量对纯切削噪声的影响,得出其影响规律,并与在普通车床上的试验规律进行比较;为了更好的解释切削用量对切削过程纯切削噪声声压级的影响,采用不同材料的刀片研究了摩擦系数与摩擦噪声声压级的关系;最后从摩擦学的角度对切削用量影响纯切削声压级的现象进行了分析,并给出了降噪措施。
     (4)在铣削加工中心上,采用单因素试验方法研究切削速度和径向切削深度对铣削过程中纯切削声压级的影响,得出二者对纯铣削声压级的影响规律,通过对各个频率段动态铣削力峰值和纯切削声信号有效值的比较分析,发现铣削噪声主要分布频率段为1000Hz左右,同时动态铣削力和纯切削声信号在频域内组成结构上有很大的相似性,提出无论是铣削速度还是径向铣削深度都是通过动态铣削力来影响铣削声信号的,因此可以通过研究动态铣削力来研究铣削用量对切削噪声信号的影响。
     本论文得到山东省优秀博士后基金(200602008)和教育部新世纪优秀人才资助计划(NCET-04-0629)的资助。
With the improvement of living standard and the increasing awareness of environment protection, people are paying more and more attention to noise controls. However, few researches on the noise during cutting process, especially on the noise during milling, were found in literature review. In order to decrease the noise pressure, the most important manufacturing methods including both turning and milling operations are studied in this thesis. The research contents are as follows:
    (1) The concept and terminology of noise are introduced.
    (2) On the basis of the analysis of the effect factors on the noise during machining process, the workpieces are machined on lathes. Firstly, the effects of spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on the noise during machining process are studied. The effect results produced from each above factor are obtained though the turning experiments. Then, the seven-factor-two-level Taughi experiments are carried out to investigate the relationships between cutting parameters and the noise. Finally, the theoretical explanation is given.
    (3) Effects of cutting parameters on noise during turning are also studied on CNC turning center, which shows the relationship between cutting parameters and the noise. The results from plain lathe and those from CNC turning center are compared. Research of the relationships between coefficient of friction and sound pressure level of friction with several different inserts, which is to explain the effects of cutting parameters on the noise during cutting process. The relationships between cutting parameters and the noise pressure level are explained by tribology, the measure for reducing noise during turning is given.
    (4) The effects of cutting speed and radial depth of cut on pure cutting noise are studied with milling experiments on a CNC vertical machining center. It comes to the conclusion that the main pure cutting noise frequency band is at 1000Hz or so. By the analysis of the milling force dynamic signals and the sound signals during machining process, it shows that the composing of the milling force dynamic signals is similar with that of the sound signals during machining process. It also shows that the effect on the pure cutting sound pressure signal caused by the cutting speeds and radial depth of cut are related to the dynamic milling force signals. This thesis is supported by Excellent Postdoctoral Foundation of Shandong Province (200602008) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0629).
引文
1 马大猷.噪声与振动控制工程手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
    2 瑞典劳动者保护基金会编.噪声控制原理和技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1991.
    3 马大猷.声学和人的生活质量[J].噪声与振动控制,2001,(12):2-6.
    4 朱梦周.机电设备噪声控制工程学[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1989.
    5 王太勇,朱梦周,曾子平.机床噪声源的识别与控制[J].天津大学学报,1995,(3):333-337.
    6 张策.机床噪声——原理及控制[M].天津:天津科技出版社,1984.3
    7 刘显慧,车晓毅.CW6136车床噪声的实验研究[J].常德师范学院学报(自然科学版),1999,(04):74-75.
    8 李玉盛.C6132车床振动噪声频谱的可靠性分析[J].机械设计与制造,1996,(03):11-12.
    9 林国光.CW6163C车床噪声源识别[J].组合机床与自动化技术,2004,(06):78-81.
    10 杜玉波,黄树涛,王福厚.X52立式铣床噪声测试及分析[J].沈阳工业学院学报,1997(03):39-43.
    11 郭永环,于桂芬,贺健丽,李智宏.几种典型机床噪声的治理[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(02):130-132.
    12 赵雪松,刘光灿,李明扬.一例立式铣床降噪的研究[J].机械传动,2003(02):56-58.
    13 王叶萍.机床噪声及控制对策[J].机械研究与应用,2005,(01):16-17.
    14 张纪锁,吴建华,郑炜.用切削声信号识别刀具磨损[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1995,(01):51-56.
    15 王太勇,郭千里,赵国立,曾子平.刀具磨损声振特性的功率谱分析[J].天津大学学报,1995,(04):582-584.
    16 Delio T., Tlusty J. Use of Audio Signals for Chatter Detection and Control [J].ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1992,(114): 146-157.
    17 Ming-Chyuan Lu, Analysis of acoustic signals due to tool wear during machining[D]. Michigan University, Doctor paper, 2001.
    18 Sadat,A.B., Raman,S., Detection of Tool Flank Wear Using Acoustic Signature Analysis[J], Wear, 1987,(115):265-272
    19 肖杰.圆盘锯锯切噪声控制的研究[D].华中科技大学硕士生论文,2004.
    20 岳国富,赵炳利.金属锯切机的噪声控制[J].噪声与振动控制,2005,(06):67-69.
    21 王成勇,胡映宁,王智伟,丁海宁.干切混凝土时金刚石锯片振动及噪声的研究[J].超硬材料工程,2005,(03):1-6.
    22 吴永东,卢险峰.两步法冲裁降低噪声再研究[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1999:347-350.
    23 吴雅,柯石求,杨叔子.金属切削机床切削噪声的动力学研究[J].机械工程学报,1995,(05):76-85.
    24 韩荣耀,韩贞荣,吴松,黎向锋,左敦稳.刨床空载时声音信号特征的研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2005,(06):72-75.
    25 余旅滨.切削噪声的控制[J].工业技术经济,1995,(01):58-61.
    26 王太勇,赵国立,张纪锁.金属车削噪声的机理及其控制[J].天津大学学报,1996,(01):61-65.
    27 Zhang Jisuo, Liu Baoshun. The acoustic source analysis of metal cutting noise[C]. ICMDEA'88.Xi'an:Xi'anJiaotong University;1988:105-106.
    28 Zafer Tekiner, Sezgin Yesilyurt. Investigation of the cutting parameters depending on process sound during turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel[J]. Materials& Design, 2004(25):507-513.
    29 Grbec, P. Leskovar, P. Acoustic emission of a cutting process[J]. Ultrasonics, 1977(01):17-20.
    30 李宝灵,高中庸,罗玉君.切削润滑液对车削噪声及表面质量的影响[J].润滑与密封,2002,(03):63-64.
    31 高中庸,高尚晗,李宝灵,谈海线.正交试验法在润滑剂配制中的应用[J].润滑与密封,2003,(06):9-11.
    32 唐英,顾崇衔,孙荣平,陈克兴.金属切削过程声发射机理[J].北京科技大学学报,1995,(05):439-443.
    33 杨大勇.刀具切削状态智能化监控技术研究[D].北京理工大学博士学位论文,1999.
    34 王瑛,肖建平.浅述木工刀具噪声的产生及控制[J].林业机械与木工设备业机械与木工设备,2004(09):48-49.
    35 赖华清.铸造车间噪声源及噪声控制方法[J].噪声与振动控制,2002,(01):18-19.
    36 郝滨海.冲压车间噪声源分析及防治措施[J].噪声与振动控制,2000,(12):35-36.
    37 张立华.面向绿色制造的机床—车间系统降噪研究[D].武汉科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.
    38 马大猷.声学手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
    39 王太勇,赵国立,张纪锁.金属车削噪声的机理及其控制[J].天津大学学报,1996,(01):41-45.
    40 杨玉致.机械噪声控制技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1982.
    41 温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
    42 李久立.机械制造技术基础[M].济南:济南出版社,1998.
    43 铣工实践编写组.铣工实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990年.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700