水资源循环经济配置与核算问题研究
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摘要
水资源紧缺以及水污染危机迫切要求大力发展水资源循环经济。水资源循环经济是按照生态规律利用水资源和水环境容量,其核心是水资源的高效利用和循环利用,以“减量化、再利用、资源化”为原则,以“低消耗、低排放、高效率”为目标,构筑“水资源—水产品——废水—再生水”的闭路循环,有效利用水资源和减少水污染物排放。水资源循环经济利用模式要求按公平、效率效益和可持续性这三大目标重新构建水资源开发利用系统,建设水资源节约型和水环境友好型经济增长模式,根本变革“大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃”的传统经济增长模式。
本文主要创新点和重要结论有以下几方面:
(1)本文以水资源循环经济理论为基础,通过引入机制设计理论一般模型,构建了水资源循环经济配置与核算的基本流程。包括区域资源环境现状及特定经济目标、水资源循环经济配置原则(减量化、再利用、资源化)、水资源循环经济配置机制(包括政府集中配置和市场激励配置)以及水资源循环经济实施与核算。
(2)水资源循环经济核算是水资源循环经济配置的实施基础,在本文中将其划分为水资源存量流量核算、水资源水质及污染负荷量核算、水资源混合经济核算以及水资源价值流核算。
(3)针对有一定约束的取水权和排污权的联合最优分配问题,在前人研究基础上进行拓展,引入管理机构的税费调控因装题政府调控和市场激励相结合,推导出水资源循环经济最优配置必然存在,并能够在市场均衡中得到实现。
(4)针对区域初始水权分配问题设计了??层次分析模型(AHP)的满足可持续发展要求的分配指标体系,给出了指标权重的系统确定。以滨海新区经济发展的产业布局和功能区建设为背景,对滨海新区可供水资源存量与区域水资源承载力进行核算评价;以滨海新区水功能区划为基础对区域可供水资源质量与区域水环境容量进行核算评价,规划2010年水污染总量控制目标;最后以AHP方法给出了南水北调中线通水后(2010年)滨海新区初始水权分配方案。
(5)针对天津碱厂迁建水资源配置方案,以所在天津临港工业区的制约因素和发展目标为背景进行了水资源循环经济核算配置和实施效果评价,采用水资源价值流核算模型进行了可持续性程度评价。天津碱厂搬迁项目达到了节约水资源,提高水的重复利用率,减少废水排放的目标。
Water shortage and water pollution crisis urgently need to develop water circular economy. Water recycling economy utilizes water resource and water environmental capacity in accordance with the ecological law, the core of which is the efficient use and recycling use of water and reduction of water pollutant emissions,the principle of which is "reduction, reuse, recycling", the goal of which is "low consumption, low emissions, high-efficiency ",the means of which is to build a " Water resource– Water production– Wastewater– Recycled water " closed circulation. Water recycling economy model need re-construct the water development and utilization according to fairness, efficiency-effectiveness and sustainability, form a model of economic growth, which is water intensive utilizable and water environment-friendly.
The break points and important conclusions in this thesis are following:
(1) It constructs a basic frame about circular economic allocation and accounting for water according to general model in mechanism design theory. This basic frame includes regional econo疤?developing goals as a result of specific resources and environment, circular economic allocation princi??for water (Reduction, Reuse,Recycling), circular economic allocation mechanism including government centralized allocation and market incentive allocation , circular economic implementation and accounting for water.
(2) Water circular economic accounting is foundation of implementation, which is divided into water resources amount and flow accounting, water quality and pollutant accounting, environmental-economic accounting and water value flow accounting.
(3) In the light of the optimal allocation of water flow rights as well as pollution rights under inequality constraints, It is put forward that a model of two-dimension quasi-market mechanism depending on government taxes and market regulation. It derives optimal allocation of water flows and pollution rights in equilibrium of water market.
(4) Based on AHP model, the allocation index system of initial water rights to basin under sustainable environmental constraints is established, with the index weight of the system. Based on industrial and functional layout of Tianjin Binhai New Area , water resources carrying capacity is accounted and evaluated. Based on water function zoning of the area, allowable permitted assimilative capacity of water bodies is computed and appraised in order to plan total permitted pollution discharge capacity in 2010. Finally, put forward circular economic allocation of initial water rights to Tianjin Binhai New Area with Water Transfer Project from South to North (middle route) completed .
(5) Aim at water circular economic allocation and accounting of Tianjin Soda Plant’s relocation project, taking account of the constraints and development of Harbor Industrial Area, account and evaluate water circular economic allocation and implementation effects on sustainable utilization extent. Tianjin Soda Plant’s water allocation project attain it’s goals how to save water, improve water reuse, reduce wastewater discharge
本文主要创新点和重要结论有以下几方面:
(1)本文以水资源循环经济理论为基础,通过引入机制设计理论一般模型,构建了水资源循环经济配置与核算的基本流程。包括区域资源环境现状及特定经济目标、水资源循环经济配置原则(减量化、再利用、资源化)、水资源循环经济配置机制(包括政府集中配置和市场激励配置)以及水资源循环经济实施与核算。
(2)水资源循环经济核算是水资源循环经济配置的实施基础,在本文中将其划分为水资源存量流量核算、水资源水质及污染负荷量核算、水资源混合经济核算以及水资源价值流核算。
(3)针对有一定约束的取水权和排污权的联合最优分配问题,在前人研究基础上进行拓展,引入管理机构的税费调控因装题政府调控和市场激励相结合,推导出水资源循环经济最优配置必然存在,并能够在市场均衡中得到实现。
(4)针对区域初始水权分配问题设计了??层次分析模型(AHP)的满足可持续发展要求的分配指标体系,给出了指标权重的系统确定。以滨海新区经济发展的产业布局和功能区建设为背景,对滨海新区可供水资源存量与区域水资源承载力进行核算评价;以滨海新区水功能区划为基础对区域可供水资源质量与区域水环境容量进行核算评价,规划2010年水污染总量控制目标;最后以AHP方法给出了南水北调中线通水后(2010年)滨海新区初始水权分配方案。
(5)针对天津碱厂迁建水资源配置方案,以所在天津临港工业区的制约因素和发展目标为背景进行了水资源循环经济核算配置和实施效果评价,采用水资源价值流核算模型进行了可持续性程度评价。天津碱厂搬迁项目达到了节约水资源,提高水的重复利用率,减少废水排放的目标。
Water shortage and water pollution crisis urgently need to develop water circular economy. Water recycling economy utilizes water resource and water environmental capacity in accordance with the ecological law, the core of which is the efficient use and recycling use of water and reduction of water pollutant emissions,the principle of which is "reduction, reuse, recycling", the goal of which is "low consumption, low emissions, high-efficiency ",the means of which is to build a " Water resource– Water production– Wastewater– Recycled water " closed circulation. Water recycling economy model need re-construct the water development and utilization according to fairness, efficiency-effectiveness and sustainability, form a model of economic growth, which is water intensive utilizable and water environment-friendly.
The break points and important conclusions in this thesis are following:
(1) It constructs a basic frame about circular economic allocation and accounting for water according to general model in mechanism design theory. This basic frame includes regional econo疤?developing goals as a result of specific resources and environment, circular economic allocation princi??for water (Reduction, Reuse,Recycling), circular economic allocation mechanism including government centralized allocation and market incentive allocation , circular economic implementation and accounting for water.
(2) Water circular economic accounting is foundation of implementation, which is divided into water resources amount and flow accounting, water quality and pollutant accounting, environmental-economic accounting and water value flow accounting.
(3) In the light of the optimal allocation of water flow rights as well as pollution rights under inequality constraints, It is put forward that a model of two-dimension quasi-market mechanism depending on government taxes and market regulation. It derives optimal allocation of water flows and pollution rights in equilibrium of water market.
(4) Based on AHP model, the allocation index system of initial water rights to basin under sustainable environmental constraints is established, with the index weight of the system. Based on industrial and functional layout of Tianjin Binhai New Area , water resources carrying capacity is accounted and evaluated. Based on water function zoning of the area, allowable permitted assimilative capacity of water bodies is computed and appraised in order to plan total permitted pollution discharge capacity in 2010. Finally, put forward circular economic allocation of initial water rights to Tianjin Binhai New Area with Water Transfer Project from South to North (middle route) completed .
(5) Aim at water circular economic allocation and accounting of Tianjin Soda Plant’s relocation project, taking account of the constraints and development of Harbor Industrial Area, account and evaluate water circular economic allocation and implementation effects on sustainable utilization extent. Tianjin Soda Plant’s water allocation project attain it’s goals how to save water, improve water reuse, reduce wastewater discharge
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