喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的影响及其促生长机制的探讨
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摘要
本实验设计了0、25、50、100、200、400mg／kg六个喹乙醇水平，分别添加到蛋白水平为29.92％的中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖基础料中。通过生长实验和生化分析实验研究了喹乙醇对稚鳖(14.55±0.24g)摄食生长、饲料利用、各营养物质的消化吸收、身体营养组成、身体外部形态、内脏解剖特征、氮收支和能量收支的影响，探讨了喹乙醇对中华鳖的影响及其促生长机制，主要研究结果如下：
1、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的摄食率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率产生显著影响，在25-200mg／kg喹乙醇添加剂量范围内，随添加剂量的增大，摄食率显著降低，饲料转化率和蛋白质效率显著升高。
2、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖特定生长率的影响没有达到显著水平，但在25-200mg／kg喹乙醇添加剂量范围内，随添加剂量的增大，中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率有升高趋势。
3、喹乙醇显著影响了中华鳖稚鳖干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率，随喹乙醇添加剂量的增加，干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率逐步升高，在50mg／kg时达到最大值，此后又缓缓降低。
4、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖营养组成的影响没有达到显著水平，但有提高鳖体中粗灰分及降低鳖体中粗蛋白的趋势。同时显著影响了中华鳖的外部形态，使鳖体的体型偏扁。此外，喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的胃壁有一定的损伤作用，而且在400mg／kg时胃壁损伤率较高。
5、未添加喹乙醇的蛋白水平为29.92％试验料的氮收支模式为：
100 C_N=18.21F_N+41.88U_N+39.91G_N
加入喹乙醇后显著影响了粪氮和生长氮在摄入氮中的比例，粪氮占摄入氮比例的最小值出现在50mg／kg，而生长氮占摄入氮比例的最大值出现在200mg／kg，200mg／kg时的氮收支模式为：
100 C_N=14.16F_N+39.90U_N+45.94G_N
6、未添加喹乙醇的蛋白水平为29.92％试验料的能量收支模式为：
100 C_e=27.01F_e+3.02U_e+42.95R_e+27.02G_e
加入喹乙醇后显著影响了粪能和生长能在摄入能中的比例，同氮收支的变化一样，粪能占摄入能比例的最小值出现在50mg／kg，而生长能占摄入能比例的最大值出现在200mg／kg。此外，喹乙醇有降低中华鳖代谢能的趋势，而且喹乙醇添加剂量越大作用
摘要
越明显。20om留kg时的能量收支模式为:
100 Ce== 21.88F。+2.88U。+42.78凡+32.46Ge
通过对以上结果的分析讨论，可以得出如下结论:
1、本实验条件下，哇乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖生长最明显的作用是提高了饲料的转化率，
添加20Om叭g喳乙醇的稚鳖比未添加组饲料转化率提高了43.47%。喳乙醇主要是通过
提高中华鳖稚鳖的消化吸收率来显著提高饲料的转化率。
2、哇乙醇显著影响了稚鳖的氮收支和能量收支，生长氮和生长能分别在摄入氮和
摄入能中比例的显著增加主要来自于粪氮和粪能的降低。哇乙醇促生长的能量学机制
主要在于它显著降低了粪能在摄入能中的比例，其次是降低了中华鳌的代谢能。
50mg瓜g的哇乙醇提高稚鳖消化吸收率的作用最显著，随哇乙醇添加剂量的加大则对代
谢能的降低作用加强。
3、从喳乙醇对稚鳖消化率、氮收支和能量收支的影响变化中可以看出，哇乙醇主
要是以提高饲料消化吸收效率的机制来提高蛋白质和能量的沉积进而达到促进生长
的目的。其次，哇乙醇对稚鳖的代谢率也有一定的降低作用。
4、中华鳖稚鳌的品质并没有因饲料中加入喳乙醇而得到显著改善，相反，鳖体蛋
白质的含量还有下降的趋势。高剂量哇乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的胃壁有较重的损伤作用，
给中华鳖的健康带来隐患。
5、建议在实际生产中稚鳌阶段喳乙醇的使用量为50mg吨，幼鳖和成鳖要限制使用，
同时积极开发替代哇乙醇的高效饲料添加剂。但正如抗生素的使用，在没有完全替代
之前，可能在短期内还不能完全杜绝，因此，喳乙醇在水产动物的养殖中一定要严格
控制使用量和使用期。此外，在开发替代哇乙醇的新型添加剂时要首先从能改善动物
肠道菌群的组成与数量、提高消化率的角度去思考。例如开发有利于肠道菌群平衡
的微生态制剂及能够发挥抗菌活性提高消化率的中草药添加剂。
In this study, Six experimental feed with the same protein level (29.92%) were formulated in different olaquindox levels (0 25 50 100 200 400mg/kg) and were fed to Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtles (.Pelodiscus sinensis) (14.55+0.24g). The growth trial and the biochemical analysis trial were conducted to investigate the effects of olaquindox on feed consumption, growth, feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, body composition, figure feature, viscera feature, nitrogen budget and energy budget in juvenile turtles. The effects of olaquindox on Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle and the mechanism of promoting growth for olaquindox were studied, The main results were shown as the following:
1. Feeding rate, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by olaquindox. The feeding rate decreased with the increase in olaquindox levels at the range of 25 to 200mg/kg, but the FCE and PER increased with the increase in olaquindox levels.
2. There was no significant difference observed in Specific growth rate (SGR), but SGR went up with the increasing in olaquindox levels at the range of 25 to 200mg/kg.
3. The dry matter and protein digestibility increased with olaquindox level up to 50mg/kg respectively, then showed slight decrease. There were marked differences in both digestibilities.
4. No significant difference was observed in body composition, but the crude ash (CA) content increased and the crude protein (CP) content decreased with increasing in olaquindox levels. Significant difference was shown in figure feature, there was a trend for turtle to be thin. Some hurts were observed in stomach wall, and the rate of harmed turtles became higher at the 200mg/kg olaquindox level.
5. The nitrogen budget of turtle fed experimental diet (29.92%CP) with no olaquindox was as follow:
100 CN= 18.21FN + 41.88UN +39.91Gn
The ratios of faecal nitrogen to nitrogen intake and growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake were significantly affected by olaquindox. The minimum of the ratio of faecal nitrogen to nitrogen intake was at 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the maximum of the ratio of growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake was at 200mg/kg olaquindox level, and the nitrogen budget at
200mg/kg olaquindox level was as follow:
100 Cn= 14.16Fn + 39.90UN +45.94GN
6. The energy budget of turtle fed experimental diet (29.92%CP) with no olaquindox was as follow:
100 Ce= 27.01Fe + 3.02Ue + 42.95Re +27.02Ge
The ratios of faecal energy to energy intake and growth energy to energy intake were significantly affected by olaquindox. The minimum of the ratio of faecal energy to energy intake was at 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the maximum of the ratio of growth energy to energy intake was at 200mg/kg olaquindox level. Furthermore, there was a tendency in metabolism energy to decrease with the increasing of olaquindox levels. The energy budget at 200mg/kg level was as follow.
100 Ce= 21.88Fe + 2.88Ue + 42.78R* +32.46Ge
These results were analyzed and argued, some conclusions were drawn as follows:
1. In this trial, the significant effect of olaquindox on Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle was the increasing of FCE, the FCE at 200mg/kg olaquindox level has increased by 43.47% than that at 0mg/kg olaquindox level. Olaquindox has significantly improved the digestibility in Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle, so that the FCE increased.
2. nitrogen budget and energy budget were significantly affected by olaquindox. the proportion of growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake and the proportion of growth energy to energy intake were mainly resulted from the decreasing of faecal nitrogen and faecal energy. The energetic mechanism of olaquindox promoting growth mainly lied in lowering the proportion of faecal energy to energy intake, the second mechanism was lowering metabolism energy. At 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the effect of increasing digestibility was significant, but the ability of decreasing metabolism energy was strengthened in higher olaquindox level.
3. Seen from the changing te
1、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的摄食率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率产生显著影响，在25-200mg／kg喹乙醇添加剂量范围内，随添加剂量的增大，摄食率显著降低，饲料转化率和蛋白质效率显著升高。
2、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖特定生长率的影响没有达到显著水平，但在25-200mg／kg喹乙醇添加剂量范围内，随添加剂量的增大，中华鳖稚鳖的特定生长率有升高趋势。
3、喹乙醇显著影响了中华鳖稚鳖干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率，随喹乙醇添加剂量的增加，干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率逐步升高，在50mg／kg时达到最大值，此后又缓缓降低。
4、喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖营养组成的影响没有达到显著水平，但有提高鳖体中粗灰分及降低鳖体中粗蛋白的趋势。同时显著影响了中华鳖的外部形态，使鳖体的体型偏扁。此外，喹乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的胃壁有一定的损伤作用，而且在400mg／kg时胃壁损伤率较高。
5、未添加喹乙醇的蛋白水平为29.92％试验料的氮收支模式为：
100 C_N=18.21F_N+41.88U_N+39.91G_N
加入喹乙醇后显著影响了粪氮和生长氮在摄入氮中的比例，粪氮占摄入氮比例的最小值出现在50mg／kg，而生长氮占摄入氮比例的最大值出现在200mg／kg，200mg／kg时的氮收支模式为：
100 C_N=14.16F_N+39.90U_N+45.94G_N
6、未添加喹乙醇的蛋白水平为29.92％试验料的能量收支模式为：
100 C_e=27.01F_e+3.02U_e+42.95R_e+27.02G_e
加入喹乙醇后显著影响了粪能和生长能在摄入能中的比例，同氮收支的变化一样，粪能占摄入能比例的最小值出现在50mg／kg，而生长能占摄入能比例的最大值出现在200mg／kg。此外，喹乙醇有降低中华鳖代谢能的趋势，而且喹乙醇添加剂量越大作用
摘要
越明显。20om留kg时的能量收支模式为:
100 Ce== 21.88F。+2.88U。+42.78凡+32.46Ge
通过对以上结果的分析讨论，可以得出如下结论:
1、本实验条件下，哇乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖生长最明显的作用是提高了饲料的转化率，
添加20Om叭g喳乙醇的稚鳖比未添加组饲料转化率提高了43.47%。喳乙醇主要是通过
提高中华鳖稚鳖的消化吸收率来显著提高饲料的转化率。
2、哇乙醇显著影响了稚鳖的氮收支和能量收支，生长氮和生长能分别在摄入氮和
摄入能中比例的显著增加主要来自于粪氮和粪能的降低。哇乙醇促生长的能量学机制
主要在于它显著降低了粪能在摄入能中的比例，其次是降低了中华鳌的代谢能。
50mg瓜g的哇乙醇提高稚鳖消化吸收率的作用最显著，随哇乙醇添加剂量的加大则对代
谢能的降低作用加强。
3、从喳乙醇对稚鳖消化率、氮收支和能量收支的影响变化中可以看出，哇乙醇主
要是以提高饲料消化吸收效率的机制来提高蛋白质和能量的沉积进而达到促进生长
的目的。其次，哇乙醇对稚鳖的代谢率也有一定的降低作用。
4、中华鳖稚鳌的品质并没有因饲料中加入喳乙醇而得到显著改善，相反，鳖体蛋
白质的含量还有下降的趋势。高剂量哇乙醇对中华鳖稚鳖的胃壁有较重的损伤作用，
给中华鳖的健康带来隐患。
5、建议在实际生产中稚鳌阶段喳乙醇的使用量为50mg吨，幼鳖和成鳖要限制使用，
同时积极开发替代哇乙醇的高效饲料添加剂。但正如抗生素的使用，在没有完全替代
之前，可能在短期内还不能完全杜绝，因此，喳乙醇在水产动物的养殖中一定要严格
控制使用量和使用期。此外，在开发替代哇乙醇的新型添加剂时要首先从能改善动物
肠道菌群的组成与数量、提高消化率的角度去思考。例如开发有利于肠道菌群平衡
的微生态制剂及能够发挥抗菌活性提高消化率的中草药添加剂。
In this study, Six experimental feed with the same protein level (29.92%) were formulated in different olaquindox levels (0 25 50 100 200 400mg/kg) and were fed to Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtles (.Pelodiscus sinensis) (14.55+0.24g). The growth trial and the biochemical analysis trial were conducted to investigate the effects of olaquindox on feed consumption, growth, feed utilization, nutrient digestibility, body composition, figure feature, viscera feature, nitrogen budget and energy budget in juvenile turtles. The effects of olaquindox on Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle and the mechanism of promoting growth for olaquindox were studied, The main results were shown as the following:
1. Feeding rate, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by olaquindox. The feeding rate decreased with the increase in olaquindox levels at the range of 25 to 200mg/kg, but the FCE and PER increased with the increase in olaquindox levels.
2. There was no significant difference observed in Specific growth rate (SGR), but SGR went up with the increasing in olaquindox levels at the range of 25 to 200mg/kg.
3. The dry matter and protein digestibility increased with olaquindox level up to 50mg/kg respectively, then showed slight decrease. There were marked differences in both digestibilities.
4. No significant difference was observed in body composition, but the crude ash (CA) content increased and the crude protein (CP) content decreased with increasing in olaquindox levels. Significant difference was shown in figure feature, there was a trend for turtle to be thin. Some hurts were observed in stomach wall, and the rate of harmed turtles became higher at the 200mg/kg olaquindox level.
5. The nitrogen budget of turtle fed experimental diet (29.92%CP) with no olaquindox was as follow:
100 CN= 18.21FN + 41.88UN +39.91Gn
The ratios of faecal nitrogen to nitrogen intake and growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake were significantly affected by olaquindox. The minimum of the ratio of faecal nitrogen to nitrogen intake was at 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the maximum of the ratio of growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake was at 200mg/kg olaquindox level, and the nitrogen budget at
200mg/kg olaquindox level was as follow:
100 Cn= 14.16Fn + 39.90UN +45.94GN
6. The energy budget of turtle fed experimental diet (29.92%CP) with no olaquindox was as follow:
100 Ce= 27.01Fe + 3.02Ue + 42.95Re +27.02Ge
The ratios of faecal energy to energy intake and growth energy to energy intake were significantly affected by olaquindox. The minimum of the ratio of faecal energy to energy intake was at 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the maximum of the ratio of growth energy to energy intake was at 200mg/kg olaquindox level. Furthermore, there was a tendency in metabolism energy to decrease with the increasing of olaquindox levels. The energy budget at 200mg/kg level was as follow.
100 Ce= 21.88Fe + 2.88Ue + 42.78R* +32.46Ge
These results were analyzed and argued, some conclusions were drawn as follows:
1. In this trial, the significant effect of olaquindox on Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle was the increasing of FCE, the FCE at 200mg/kg olaquindox level has increased by 43.47% than that at 0mg/kg olaquindox level. Olaquindox has significantly improved the digestibility in Chinese juvenile soft-shelled turtle, so that the FCE increased.
2. nitrogen budget and energy budget were significantly affected by olaquindox. the proportion of growth nitrogen to nitrogen intake and the proportion of growth energy to energy intake were mainly resulted from the decreasing of faecal nitrogen and faecal energy. The energetic mechanism of olaquindox promoting growth mainly lied in lowering the proportion of faecal energy to energy intake, the second mechanism was lowering metabolism energy. At 50mg/kg olaquindox level, the effect of increasing digestibility was significant, but the ability of decreasing metabolism energy was strengthened in higher olaquindox level.
3. Seen from the changing te
引文
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