液体静压式收敛间隙密封流场特性研究
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摘要
目前流体动压式机械密封是密封技术中最活跃的领域,而关于流体静压式的研究相对较少,关于收敛间隙密封的研究更为欠缺。收敛间隙密封属于流体静压平衡、非接触式、液膜式轴向端面密封。收敛楔形间隙流体静压机械密封常被应用于核电站主泵机械密封的第一级密封。静压流体膜对摩擦副提供充分的润滑和冷却,使静压机械密封能在高速高压条件下运行。本文旨在通过建立与核电站主泵机械密封符合的三维收敛间隙机械密封的数学模型,对机械密封间隙流场进行数值模拟研究。
通过GAMBIT软件建立了收敛楔形间隙机械密封流场的三维结构网格模型,基于有限体积法,采用流体力学软件FLUENT,对密封间隙中的液膜进行三维数值模拟。得到了密封端面间隙中液膜的压力和速度分布。分析端面各结构参数及操作参数对密封性能的影响。并计算得到启动及稳定工况下的工作膜厚及泄漏量。
本文通过对流体静压式收敛间隙密封流场特性的研究,为密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,为以后的动态、力变形和热变形等研究打下理论基础。
Hydrodynamic mechanical seal is the most active fields in modern sealing technology, while there are few studies on hydrostatic mechanical seal relatively, the study on convergent gap mechanical seal is hardly paid more attention to. Convergent gap mechanical seal belongs to controlled leakage, hydrostatic balanced, non-contact and liquid-film type face seal. It is often applied in the lower primary sealing assembly of the reactor coolant pump of the nuclear power plant. Hydrostatic liquid film makes the best lubrication and cooling of the friction pairs, so that, the hydrostatic mechanical seal can be operated under high pressure and high speed. By setting up three-dimensional numerical model of the radically tapered mechanical seal, which is agreed with the actual physical model, this paper carries out the numerical simulation of the flow field for the liquid film of the seal gap and makes ready for the further research later.
A theoretical analysis model was developed for the flow in convergent gap mechanical seal by the software GAMBIT. This paper is on the basis of computational fluid dynamics, founded on the finite volume method (FVM), used the software FLUENT, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the pressure-velocity coupling was preformed for the liquid film of the seal gap. The pressure and the velocity distributions of the liquid film were carried out. The effect of sealing structure parameters (width of sealing surface and cone angle) and operation parameters on sealing performance was analyzed. The gap and leakage in steady station and under a special condition were calculated.
In a word, through deeply studying the flow field performances of hydrostatic convergent gap mechanical seal, this dissertation offers theoretical support for the engineering design and application of the reactor coolant pump mechanical seal. And a theoretical basis is made for the further study such as dynamic stability, mechanical and thermal deformations.
通过GAMBIT软件建立了收敛楔形间隙机械密封流场的三维结构网格模型,基于有限体积法,采用流体力学软件FLUENT,对密封间隙中的液膜进行三维数值模拟。得到了密封端面间隙中液膜的压力和速度分布。分析端面各结构参数及操作参数对密封性能的影响。并计算得到启动及稳定工况下的工作膜厚及泄漏量。
本文通过对流体静压式收敛间隙密封流场特性的研究,为密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,为以后的动态、力变形和热变形等研究打下理论基础。
Hydrodynamic mechanical seal is the most active fields in modern sealing technology, while there are few studies on hydrostatic mechanical seal relatively, the study on convergent gap mechanical seal is hardly paid more attention to. Convergent gap mechanical seal belongs to controlled leakage, hydrostatic balanced, non-contact and liquid-film type face seal. It is often applied in the lower primary sealing assembly of the reactor coolant pump of the nuclear power plant. Hydrostatic liquid film makes the best lubrication and cooling of the friction pairs, so that, the hydrostatic mechanical seal can be operated under high pressure and high speed. By setting up three-dimensional numerical model of the radically tapered mechanical seal, which is agreed with the actual physical model, this paper carries out the numerical simulation of the flow field for the liquid film of the seal gap and makes ready for the further research later.
A theoretical analysis model was developed for the flow in convergent gap mechanical seal by the software GAMBIT. This paper is on the basis of computational fluid dynamics, founded on the finite volume method (FVM), used the software FLUENT, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the pressure-velocity coupling was preformed for the liquid film of the seal gap. The pressure and the velocity distributions of the liquid film were carried out. The effect of sealing structure parameters (width of sealing surface and cone angle) and operation parameters on sealing performance was analyzed. The gap and leakage in steady station and under a special condition were calculated.
In a word, through deeply studying the flow field performances of hydrostatic convergent gap mechanical seal, this dissertation offers theoretical support for the engineering design and application of the reactor coolant pump mechanical seal. And a theoretical basis is made for the further study such as dynamic stability, mechanical and thermal deformations.
引文
[1]Fuse.T,Shimizu.T.,Nisiiiyama.K.Development of high reliable mechanical seal for nuclear power plant[J].International Conference on Fluid Sealing.2003:405-41
[2]黄成铭.秦山核电二期工程反应堆冷却剂泵[J],核动力工程,2003,24(2),173-176
[3]苏先顺,王勇.秦山核电二期工程主泵轴密封及保障其完整性而采取的措施[J],核动力工程,2003,24(2),180-184
[4]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990
[5]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2001
[6]胡国祯等.化工密封技术[M].化学工业出版社,1995,269-270
[7]王美华.可控膜机械密封机理和特性研究.博士论文
[8]顾永泉.机械密封技术的新进展[J].石油化工设备,1997,26(4),44-50
[9]刘良臣.中国工程机械密封技术的回顾与展望[J].液压气动与密封,2000,(2),42-43
[10]侯威,刘亚莲.机械密封的理论与实践[J].水泵技术,2005,(4),35-37
[11]Sun Jianju,Wei Long,Gu Boqin.Development course and research trend on the mechanical seal[J].Run Hua Yu Mi Feng/Lubrication Engineering.July(2004):128-131,134
[12]张有华.高压机械密封的设计与应用[J],流体机械,2005,33(2),5-8
[13]E.Mayer.BHHA.Tnt.confon Fluid Sealing,E2,1961
[14]Bernard Tournerie.2D numerical modelling of the TEHD transient behaviour of mechanical face seals[J].Sealing Technology,2003.06:10-13
[15]Etsion.I.Ideas and tendencies in future mechanical seal development[J].Lubrication Engineering,1990:122-125
[16]Doust T.G.An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Pressure and Thermal Distortion in a Mechanical Seal[J].ASLE Transactions,1986,29(2):151-159
[17]Parama.A Thermal-elastic Distortion Control of mechanical face seal[C].Twelfth International Conference on Fluid sealing,1989
[18]姜继海,马文琦,张冬泉.旋转对称密封缝隙流场的有限元分析[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(5),506-508
[19]彭旭东,谢友柏,顾永泉等.热流体动力楔机械密封性能参数的近似计算[J].流体机械,1997,25(6),24-2
[20]李尽亮,郝木明.泵用无泄漏非接触式机械密封技术[J].炼油设计,2001,37(7),32-36
[21]Mayer E(著),姚兆生(译).机械密封[M].化学工业出版社,1981
[22]李志国等.流体动静压端面密封的静动特性分析[J].中国机械工程,2006,17(5),457-459
[23]孙学武.化工机泵机械密封的应用[J].装置与设备,2005,(8),39-40
[24]彭旭东等.机械端面密封技术的热点问题[J].通用机械,2003,(3),54-57
[25]金振邦,刘良臣.工程机械密封技术[J].工程机械与维修,1999,(4),30-31
[26]Pinkus O.et.al.Elastohy drodynamic Lubrication(中译本)流体动压润滑理论[M].机械工业出版社,1980
[27]Mayer E.Performance of rotationg high duty nuclear seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1989,45(5):275-86
[28]Richard F.Guardiani.Reactor coolant pump hydrostatic sealing assembly with improved hydraulic balance[P].United States Patent.4,838,559 6/1989,277/27
[29]鳌魁,詹德新.不可压流场数值模拟方法综述[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1999,23(5):523-528
[30]刘儒勋.计算流体动力学和计算水动力学的进展和展望[J].力学与实践,1994,16(3):1-7
[31]Jameson A,Schmidit W,Turkel F.Numerical Solution of the Euler Equations by Finite Volume Methods Using Rung-Kuta Time-Stepping Schemes[J].AIAApaper,1981:81-1259
[32]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M],清华大学出版社,1997
[33]苏铭德,黄素逸.计算流体力学基础汇[M].清华大学出版社,1997
[34]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.流体力学仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.200
[35]丁祖荣.流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社
[36]J.D.Anderson,Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Basics with Applications.McGraw-Hill.1995,清华大学出版社,2002
[37]陶文铨.数值传热学,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988
[38]金忠青著.N-S方程的数值解和紊流模型[M],南京:河海大学出版社,1985
[39]姚爱群,徐保美,董履仁等.中间包内流体流动的研究[A].第九届全国炼钢会议学术论文集[C],广州:1996,492-500
[40]S.V Patanker,D.B.Spalding,A Calculation Processure for Heat,Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three-Dimensional Parabolic Flows[J].Int J Heat Mass Transfer,1972,15:1787-1806,
[41]J.P Van Doormal,G.CzRaithby.Enhancement of the SIMPLE Method for Predicting Imcompressible Fluid Flows[J].Numerical Heat Transfer,1984,7:147-163,
[42]FLUENT6.1用户手册 北京:北京海基科技发展有限责任公司
[43]Fluent Inc.,GAMBIT Modeling Guide.Fluent Inc.,2003
[44]Fluent Inc.,FLUENT User's Guide.Fluent Inc.,2003
[45]Fluent Inc.,FLUENT User Defined Function Manual.Fluent Inc.,2003
[46]蔡仁良,顾伯勤,宋鹏云等.过程装备密封技术(M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.12-13
[2]黄成铭.秦山核电二期工程反应堆冷却剂泵[J],核动力工程,2003,24(2),173-176
[3]苏先顺,王勇.秦山核电二期工程主泵轴密封及保障其完整性而采取的措施[J],核动力工程,2003,24(2),180-184
[4]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1990
[5]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2001
[6]胡国祯等.化工密封技术[M].化学工业出版社,1995,269-270
[7]王美华.可控膜机械密封机理和特性研究.博士论文
[8]顾永泉.机械密封技术的新进展[J].石油化工设备,1997,26(4),44-50
[9]刘良臣.中国工程机械密封技术的回顾与展望[J].液压气动与密封,2000,(2),42-43
[10]侯威,刘亚莲.机械密封的理论与实践[J].水泵技术,2005,(4),35-37
[11]Sun Jianju,Wei Long,Gu Boqin.Development course and research trend on the mechanical seal[J].Run Hua Yu Mi Feng/Lubrication Engineering.July(2004):128-131,134
[12]张有华.高压机械密封的设计与应用[J],流体机械,2005,33(2),5-8
[13]E.Mayer.BHHA.Tnt.confon Fluid Sealing,E2,1961
[14]Bernard Tournerie.2D numerical modelling of the TEHD transient behaviour of mechanical face seals[J].Sealing Technology,2003.06:10-13
[15]Etsion.I.Ideas and tendencies in future mechanical seal development[J].Lubrication Engineering,1990:122-125
[16]Doust T.G.An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Pressure and Thermal Distortion in a Mechanical Seal[J].ASLE Transactions,1986,29(2):151-159
[17]Parama.A Thermal-elastic Distortion Control of mechanical face seal[C].Twelfth International Conference on Fluid sealing,1989
[18]姜继海,马文琦,张冬泉.旋转对称密封缝隙流场的有限元分析[J].中国机械工程,1999,10(5),506-508
[19]彭旭东,谢友柏,顾永泉等.热流体动力楔机械密封性能参数的近似计算[J].流体机械,1997,25(6),24-2
[20]李尽亮,郝木明.泵用无泄漏非接触式机械密封技术[J].炼油设计,2001,37(7),32-36
[21]Mayer E(著),姚兆生(译).机械密封[M].化学工业出版社,1981
[22]李志国等.流体动静压端面密封的静动特性分析[J].中国机械工程,2006,17(5),457-459
[23]孙学武.化工机泵机械密封的应用[J].装置与设备,2005,(8),39-40
[24]彭旭东等.机械端面密封技术的热点问题[J].通用机械,2003,(3),54-57
[25]金振邦,刘良臣.工程机械密封技术[J].工程机械与维修,1999,(4),30-31
[26]Pinkus O.et.al.Elastohy drodynamic Lubrication(中译本)流体动压润滑理论[M].机械工业出版社,1980
[27]Mayer E.Performance of rotationg high duty nuclear seals[J].Lubrication Engineering,1989,45(5):275-86
[28]Richard F.Guardiani.Reactor coolant pump hydrostatic sealing assembly with improved hydraulic balance[P].United States Patent.4,838,559 6/1989,277/27
[29]鳌魁,詹德新.不可压流场数值模拟方法综述[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1999,23(5):523-528
[30]刘儒勋.计算流体动力学和计算水动力学的进展和展望[J].力学与实践,1994,16(3):1-7
[31]Jameson A,Schmidit W,Turkel F.Numerical Solution of the Euler Equations by Finite Volume Methods Using Rung-Kuta Time-Stepping Schemes[J].AIAApaper,1981:81-1259
[32]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M],清华大学出版社,1997
[33]苏铭德,黄素逸.计算流体力学基础汇[M].清华大学出版社,1997
[34]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.流体力学仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.200
[35]丁祖荣.流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社
[36]J.D.Anderson,Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Basics with Applications.McGraw-Hill.1995,清华大学出版社,2002
[37]陶文铨.数值传热学,西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988
[38]金忠青著.N-S方程的数值解和紊流模型[M],南京:河海大学出版社,1985
[39]姚爱群,徐保美,董履仁等.中间包内流体流动的研究[A].第九届全国炼钢会议学术论文集[C],广州:1996,492-500
[40]S.V Patanker,D.B.Spalding,A Calculation Processure for Heat,Mass and Momentum Transfer in Three-Dimensional Parabolic Flows[J].Int J Heat Mass Transfer,1972,15:1787-1806,
[41]J.P Van Doormal,G.CzRaithby.Enhancement of the SIMPLE Method for Predicting Imcompressible Fluid Flows[J].Numerical Heat Transfer,1984,7:147-163,
[42]FLUENT6.1用户手册 北京:北京海基科技发展有限责任公司
[43]Fluent Inc.,GAMBIT Modeling Guide.Fluent Inc.,2003
[44]Fluent Inc.,FLUENT User's Guide.Fluent Inc.,2003
[45]Fluent Inc.,FLUENT User Defined Function Manual.Fluent Inc.,2003
[46]蔡仁良,顾伯勤,宋鹏云等.过程装备密封技术(M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.12-13