中低温热源有机物工质发电系统分析
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摘要
传统方式的以水为工质的朗肯循环回收利用系统,由于循环效率低,系统复杂,其经济效益非常有限。若使用有机工质朗肯循环(Organic Ranking Cycle,简称ORC),利用低沸点有机工质回收中低温热源的热能,将低品位能源(废热)转换为高品位能源(电能),既实现能源的回收利用,又在相同输出条件下,减少二氧化碳等污染物的排放,有利于环境保护。由于ORC系统蒸发和冷凝温度较低、热效率相对较高及设备简单,被认为是一种有效的低品位余热发电技术。
有机工质朗肯循环发电系统可利用的低品位能主要有工业余热、太阳能、地热、生物质能、海洋温差能和LNG冷能等,本课题以实现能源的低消耗、低排放、高效率为研究目的,对有机物工质的中低温热源发电系统进行了分析,主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,在已有的大量研究工作的基础上,分析了有机物朗肯循环发电系统的结构和运行原理、主要特征和技术关键点。
其次,对常用低沸点环保工质进行了优化分析,并选择三种相对环保型的有机物作为工质,利用NIST软件在Matlab界面下编程对稳态工况的ORC系统进行了热力计算,分析了ORC发电系统的影响因素。
再次,以提高系统循环热效率和做功能力为目的,对改进后的ORC动力循环,回热式和抽汽回热式ORC系统的性能进行了研究。
最后,利用热水模拟低品位热源,对采用涡旋式膨胀机的有机物朗肯循环发电系统进行了实验研究。对实验数据进行了分析与总结,研究结果表明涡旋式膨胀机在中小型低品位热能的ORC系统中具有较大的优势,而有机物朗肯循环系统的设计,需要将有机物工质的流量、蒸发压力,与余热流相匹配,从而使得系统的输出功率最大。
本文所做的工作为进一步研究有机物朗肯循环发电系统提供了基础的实验数据和理论指导,对中低温热源回收利用技术的推广和推进节能减排事业具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
Due to the low cycle efficiency,complicated system and limited economic benefits, recycling the wide range and huge quantities of low-temperature heat in traditional way based on Rankine cycles with water as working fluid, is not appropriate. While utilize organic fluids which have lower boiling point as working fluid in Rankine cycles, will convert low-grade heat source into high-grade energy (electricity) with higher efficiency. This system not only achieves the goal of recycling, but also reduces the emission of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. So Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is considered to be an effective power generation technology driven by low-grade waste heat due to its higher thermal efficiency, lower evaporation and condensation temperatures, relatively simple system and environmentally friendly action.
Low-grade heat which can be used by organic Rankine cycle power generation system mainly include industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal heat, biomass energy, ocean thermal energy and cold energy of LNG (liquid natural gas). With the purpose of reducing energy consumption, pollutants emission and achieving higher efficiency, this subject analyzed power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle driven by low-grade heat. There are following parts of assignments in this paper:
First, based on a lot of research work, this paper made an analysis on structures and operation principle of organic Rankine cycle power generation system, also described the main features and key technical points of ORC system.
Secondly, analyzed and optimized usual organic working fluids, then selected three kinds of environmental friendly organics as working fluid, utilized NIST software, programmed under Matlab, made a thermodynamic calculation and analyzed the affecting factors on ORC power generation system.
With the purpose of improving system thermal efficiency and work capacity, this paper made a research on properties of improved power generation systems like regenerative and regenerative extraction organic Rankine cycles.
Finally, simulated low-grade heat source with hot water, this subject made an experimentally study on organic Rankine cycle power generation system with scroll expander. Through experimental data analysis and conclusion, it is believed that the scroll expander has greater advantages in small and medium style ORC systems driven by low-grade heat. While the design of organic Rankine cycle system needs to be fully considered with working fluid flow, match with evaporation pressure and heat flow rate to have the maximum output power.
This research provides theoretical guidance and basic experimental data to further study of power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle, also have a certain theoretical value and practical significance to low temperature heat recovery and utilization technology, as well as energy-saving and emission reduction career. ?
有机工质朗肯循环发电系统可利用的低品位能主要有工业余热、太阳能、地热、生物质能、海洋温差能和LNG冷能等,本课题以实现能源的低消耗、低排放、高效率为研究目的,对有机物工质的中低温热源发电系统进行了分析,主要做了以下几方面的工作:
首先,在已有的大量研究工作的基础上,分析了有机物朗肯循环发电系统的结构和运行原理、主要特征和技术关键点。
其次,对常用低沸点环保工质进行了优化分析,并选择三种相对环保型的有机物作为工质,利用NIST软件在Matlab界面下编程对稳态工况的ORC系统进行了热力计算,分析了ORC发电系统的影响因素。
再次,以提高系统循环热效率和做功能力为目的,对改进后的ORC动力循环,回热式和抽汽回热式ORC系统的性能进行了研究。
最后,利用热水模拟低品位热源,对采用涡旋式膨胀机的有机物朗肯循环发电系统进行了实验研究。对实验数据进行了分析与总结,研究结果表明涡旋式膨胀机在中小型低品位热能的ORC系统中具有较大的优势,而有机物朗肯循环系统的设计,需要将有机物工质的流量、蒸发压力,与余热流相匹配,从而使得系统的输出功率最大。
本文所做的工作为进一步研究有机物朗肯循环发电系统提供了基础的实验数据和理论指导,对中低温热源回收利用技术的推广和推进节能减排事业具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。
Due to the low cycle efficiency,complicated system and limited economic benefits, recycling the wide range and huge quantities of low-temperature heat in traditional way based on Rankine cycles with water as working fluid, is not appropriate. While utilize organic fluids which have lower boiling point as working fluid in Rankine cycles, will convert low-grade heat source into high-grade energy (electricity) with higher efficiency. This system not only achieves the goal of recycling, but also reduces the emission of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. So Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is considered to be an effective power generation technology driven by low-grade waste heat due to its higher thermal efficiency, lower evaporation and condensation temperatures, relatively simple system and environmentally friendly action.
Low-grade heat which can be used by organic Rankine cycle power generation system mainly include industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal heat, biomass energy, ocean thermal energy and cold energy of LNG (liquid natural gas). With the purpose of reducing energy consumption, pollutants emission and achieving higher efficiency, this subject analyzed power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle driven by low-grade heat. There are following parts of assignments in this paper:
First, based on a lot of research work, this paper made an analysis on structures and operation principle of organic Rankine cycle power generation system, also described the main features and key technical points of ORC system.
Secondly, analyzed and optimized usual organic working fluids, then selected three kinds of environmental friendly organics as working fluid, utilized NIST software, programmed under Matlab, made a thermodynamic calculation and analyzed the affecting factors on ORC power generation system.
With the purpose of improving system thermal efficiency and work capacity, this paper made a research on properties of improved power generation systems like regenerative and regenerative extraction organic Rankine cycles.
Finally, simulated low-grade heat source with hot water, this subject made an experimentally study on organic Rankine cycle power generation system with scroll expander. Through experimental data analysis and conclusion, it is believed that the scroll expander has greater advantages in small and medium style ORC systems driven by low-grade heat. While the design of organic Rankine cycle system needs to be fully considered with working fluid flow, match with evaporation pressure and heat flow rate to have the maximum output power.
This research provides theoretical guidance and basic experimental data to further study of power generation system based on organic Rankine cycle, also have a certain theoretical value and practical significance to low temperature heat recovery and utilization technology, as well as energy-saving and emission reduction career. ?
引文
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[20] Amnon Einav. Solar energy research and development achievements in Israel and their practical significance [J]. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2004, 126 (3): 921 -928.
[21] Manolakos D, Papadakis G. Design of an autonomous low-temperature solar Ranking cycle system for reverse osmosis desalination [J]. Desalination, 2005, 185: 73– 80.
[22] Garcia-Rodriguezal, Delgado-Torresam. Solar-powered Ranking cycles for fresh water production [J]. Desalination, 2007, 212: 319– 327.
[23]李晶,裴刚,季杰.太阳能有机朗肯循环低温热发电关键因素分析[J].化工学报,2009,60(4):826-832.
[24]王辉涛,王华.低温太阳能热力发电有机朗肯循环工质的选择[J].动力工程,2009,29(3):287-291.
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[26]周大吉.地热发电简述[J].电力勘测设计,2003(3):1-6.
[27] Saleh B, Koglbauer G. Working fluids for low-temperature organic Ranking cycles [J]. Energy, 2007, 32 (7): 1210 - 1221.
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