多中心治理理论视角下的污染减排问题研究
|
摘要
污染减排是我国关于发展方式、经济制度转变和环境保护观念的一次深刻的变革,对于我国粗放型经济增长方式的大胆挑战,也是在中国特色社会主义制度下环保领域的全新实践。实施污染减排要以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,污染减排可看作经济结构调整、增长方式转变的突破,综合运用经济、法律和行政方式,确保实现污染减排在“十一五”甚至是“十二五”的约束性指标,推动我国经济快速稳定的发展。对于污染减排的具体实施主要是污染治理设施的建设,淘汰落后产能,加强运行的监管,更要加大对污染减排工程的投入,以及污染减排科技项目的攻克,最主要的是作为污染减排主要责任主体政府的政策落实与相应法律法规的制定。
众所周知,沈阳市是我国重要的重工业基地之一,沈阳市主导产业具有明显的新型工业化特征,高污染、高消耗的产业虽然在近些年基本消除,但是要想彻底消除还需要一定的时间。针对这一问题,根据专家意见及沈阳市多年的减排经验,主要采取以下措施,空气质量达标是可能的。主要措施包括:坚决实施重点污染企业搬迁;规划建设大型热电供热企业;拆除10-20吨/时以下分散供热锅炉等。2010年沈阳市政府工作安排中,要求化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别控制在6.6万吨和10.5万吨以内,推进排污集中控制,加快沈化、东药等高排放企业整体搬迁改进,淘汰沈阳热电、金山热电小发电机组,继续实行35吨以上燃煤锅炉脱硫工作。
沈阳市正进入复合性环境污染的新阶段,未来5到15年仍将持续;旧的污染减排问题还没有解决,新的问题又不断产生,呈现出显著地复合性。随着社会经济发展、资源保障、人口数量与环境质量矛盾日益突出,如果还沿用传统的治理模式,环境必然不堪重负。“十一五”期间大部分减排工程已经建成,“十二五”主要污染物减排空间将逐渐减少,难度就会逐渐增大,需要对于污染减排投入更大的关注。
本文共分为五部分内容。
第一部分,论文的选题依据、选题的理论和现实意义,国内外研究理论综述,并提出本文的创新点和具体的研究方法。
第二部分,对于污染减排、主要污染物及主要污染物排放总量概念分析,阐述奥斯特罗姆的多中心治理理论的内涵及应用,构建论文的理论框架。
第三部分,通过沈阳市污染减排现状的阐述,提出现存的问题。
第四部分,针对提出的问题,找出沈阳市污染减排问题的原因。
第五部分,从政府、公众、市场三个主体出发分别找出污染减排的有效对策。对于今后污染减排治理工作具有积极的作用。
Pollution reduction methods on the development of China's economic system and environmental changes in the concept of a profound change, for extensive economic growth mode of China's bold challenge, but also the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the field of environmental protection under the new practice. Implementation of pollution reduction should take Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" as guidance, pollution reduction can be regarded as economic restructuring and growth patterns of the breakthrough, comprehensive use of economic, legal and administrative means to ensure the realization of pollution reduction in the "Eleventh Five-Year" or even "second five" binding targets, to promote the rapid and stable development of China's economy. For the concrete implementation of pollution reduction is mainly the construction of pollution control facilities, eliminate backward production capacity, strengthen the supervision of operation, but also to increase investment in pollution reduction projects, and the capture of pollution reduction projects, most notably as a pollution emission reduction policy of the Government the primary responsibility for the implementation of the main laws and regulations with the corresponding formulation.
As we all know, Shenyang City, is an important heavy industrial base of Shenyang, the leading industry with a significant feature of new industrialization, high pollution and high consumption of the industry, though basically eliminated in recent years, however, to eliminate need some time. To solve this problem, based on expert opinion and experience of the Shenyang City for many years to reduce emissions, mainly to take the following measures, air quality standards is possible. Major initiatives include: a firm focus on the implementation of relocation of polluting enterprises; planning and construction of large thermal heating enterprises; removal of 10-20 t / the distributed heating boilers. 2010, the Shenyang municipal government work, the requirements of chemical oxygen demand, control of sulfur dioxide emissions at 6.6 million tons and 105,000 tons or less, to promote sewage centralized control, speed up the Journal of East medicine to improve the overall relocation of high emitters, out of Thermoelectric Shenyang Jinshan small thermoelectric generators, continue to implement more than 35 tons of coal-fired boiler desulphurization work.
Shenyang pollution is entering the compound a new phase in the next 5 to 15 years will continue; old pollution reduction problem has not been solved, new problems are emerging, showing a significant compound. As social and economic development, resource protection, population and environmental quality have become increasingly prominent, if still follow the traditional model of governance, the environment must be overwhelmed. "During" most of the emission reduction projects have been completed, "five-second" space emission of major pollutants will be gradually reduced, the difficulty will gradually increase.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part of the basis of the paper topics, topics of theoretical and practical significance, international review of theory and proposed innovation of this paper and specific research methods.
The second part, for the reduction of pollutant discharge of major pollutants and emissions of major pollutants concept analysis, multi-center described Ostrom meaning and application of management theory to construct a theoretical framework paper.
The third part of the Shenyang pollution reduction through the control status of explanation and put forward the existing problems.
The fourth part, for the issues raised in Shenyang City to find out cause of the problem of pollution reduction management.
The fifth part, from the government, the public, the three main markets were starting to find an effective response to pollution control and emission reduction. Pollution reduction for the future with a positive role in governance.
众所周知,沈阳市是我国重要的重工业基地之一,沈阳市主导产业具有明显的新型工业化特征,高污染、高消耗的产业虽然在近些年基本消除,但是要想彻底消除还需要一定的时间。针对这一问题,根据专家意见及沈阳市多年的减排经验,主要采取以下措施,空气质量达标是可能的。主要措施包括:坚决实施重点污染企业搬迁;规划建设大型热电供热企业;拆除10-20吨/时以下分散供热锅炉等。2010年沈阳市政府工作安排中,要求化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别控制在6.6万吨和10.5万吨以内,推进排污集中控制,加快沈化、东药等高排放企业整体搬迁改进,淘汰沈阳热电、金山热电小发电机组,继续实行35吨以上燃煤锅炉脱硫工作。
沈阳市正进入复合性环境污染的新阶段,未来5到15年仍将持续;旧的污染减排问题还没有解决,新的问题又不断产生,呈现出显著地复合性。随着社会经济发展、资源保障、人口数量与环境质量矛盾日益突出,如果还沿用传统的治理模式,环境必然不堪重负。“十一五”期间大部分减排工程已经建成,“十二五”主要污染物减排空间将逐渐减少,难度就会逐渐增大,需要对于污染减排投入更大的关注。
本文共分为五部分内容。
第一部分,论文的选题依据、选题的理论和现实意义,国内外研究理论综述,并提出本文的创新点和具体的研究方法。
第二部分,对于污染减排、主要污染物及主要污染物排放总量概念分析,阐述奥斯特罗姆的多中心治理理论的内涵及应用,构建论文的理论框架。
第三部分,通过沈阳市污染减排现状的阐述,提出现存的问题。
第四部分,针对提出的问题,找出沈阳市污染减排问题的原因。
第五部分,从政府、公众、市场三个主体出发分别找出污染减排的有效对策。对于今后污染减排治理工作具有积极的作用。
Pollution reduction methods on the development of China's economic system and environmental changes in the concept of a profound change, for extensive economic growth mode of China's bold challenge, but also the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the field of environmental protection under the new practice. Implementation of pollution reduction should take Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents" as guidance, pollution reduction can be regarded as economic restructuring and growth patterns of the breakthrough, comprehensive use of economic, legal and administrative means to ensure the realization of pollution reduction in the "Eleventh Five-Year" or even "second five" binding targets, to promote the rapid and stable development of China's economy. For the concrete implementation of pollution reduction is mainly the construction of pollution control facilities, eliminate backward production capacity, strengthen the supervision of operation, but also to increase investment in pollution reduction projects, and the capture of pollution reduction projects, most notably as a pollution emission reduction policy of the Government the primary responsibility for the implementation of the main laws and regulations with the corresponding formulation.
As we all know, Shenyang City, is an important heavy industrial base of Shenyang, the leading industry with a significant feature of new industrialization, high pollution and high consumption of the industry, though basically eliminated in recent years, however, to eliminate need some time. To solve this problem, based on expert opinion and experience of the Shenyang City for many years to reduce emissions, mainly to take the following measures, air quality standards is possible. Major initiatives include: a firm focus on the implementation of relocation of polluting enterprises; planning and construction of large thermal heating enterprises; removal of 10-20 t / the distributed heating boilers. 2010, the Shenyang municipal government work, the requirements of chemical oxygen demand, control of sulfur dioxide emissions at 6.6 million tons and 105,000 tons or less, to promote sewage centralized control, speed up the Journal of East medicine to improve the overall relocation of high emitters, out of Thermoelectric Shenyang Jinshan small thermoelectric generators, continue to implement more than 35 tons of coal-fired boiler desulphurization work.
Shenyang pollution is entering the compound a new phase in the next 5 to 15 years will continue; old pollution reduction problem has not been solved, new problems are emerging, showing a significant compound. As social and economic development, resource protection, population and environmental quality have become increasingly prominent, if still follow the traditional model of governance, the environment must be overwhelmed. "During" most of the emission reduction projects have been completed, "five-second" space emission of major pollutants will be gradually reduced, the difficulty will gradually increase.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part of the basis of the paper topics, topics of theoretical and practical significance, international review of theory and proposed innovation of this paper and specific research methods.
The second part, for the reduction of pollutant discharge of major pollutants and emissions of major pollutants concept analysis, multi-center described Ostrom meaning and application of management theory to construct a theoretical framework paper.
The third part of the Shenyang pollution reduction through the control status of explanation and put forward the existing problems.
The fourth part, for the issues raised in Shenyang City to find out cause of the problem of pollution reduction management.
The fifth part, from the government, the public, the three main markets were starting to find an effective response to pollution control and emission reduction. Pollution reduction for the future with a positive role in governance.
引文
①朱京海.污染减排工作手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009
①中国污染减排:战略与政策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.6
①[美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理之道[M].上海:上海三联书店,2000
①[美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理之道[M].上海:上海三联书店,2000:33-167
①曲翔滨,吴琳.以环保先行促进沈阳振兴[J].环境保护科学,2004(3)
[1] Daniel J. Fiorino: Environmental Policy As Learning: A New View of an Old Landscape, Public Administration Review.May/June 2001,Vol.61,No.3
[2] Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution ofIn stitutions for Collective Action [M].Cambridge University Press,1990
[3] Stephen S. Light and John R. Wodraska: National Water Policy:A Prospect for Institutional Reform, Public Administration Re-view50th YEAR, SEPTEMBER/OCTORBER,1990
[4] [美]伊丽莎白·伊科诺米著,程仁桃摘译.中国环境保护的实施情况[J].国外理论动态,2007,(4):36
[5]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理指导[M].上海:三联书店,2000
[6]蔡守秋.第三种调整机制———从环境资源保护和环境资源法角度进行研究(上) [J].中国发展,2004(1)
[7]董克用.公共管理与政策评论[J].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008
[8]杜秋根.辽宁省可持续发展环境保护战略研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[9]李宝娟.中国环保产业及市场发展的初步分析[J].产业与市场,2002,(8)
[10]李海燕.竞争、多中心治道与我国公共服务改革[J].河南社会科学.2004(6)
[11]李红艺,刘伟京.排污总量控制指标分配方法的探讨[J].中国环境管理,2003,51
[12]李晶明,夏冬前.污染减排工作的探讨[J].环境与可持续发展,2008.4: 38-40
[13]李世源,刘伟.对我国生态环境问题治理困境的政治学思考[J].天府新论,2007(6):12-14
[14]李艳芳.公众参与环境保护的法律制度建设——以非政府组织(NGO)为中心[J].浙江社会科学,2004 (2)
[15]李艳芳.公众参与环境影响评价制度研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004
[16]迈克尔·麦金尼斯[美].多中心治道与发展[M].上海:上海三联书店. 2000: 76-78
[17]曲翔滨.吴琳.以环保先行促进沈阳振兴[J].环境保护科学.2004(3)
[18]沈阳市年鉴.2008-2010
[19]市政府对《关于沈阳市污染减排工作情况的报告》的审议意见研究处理情况的报告.2008-9-17
[20]王兴伦.多中心治理:一种新的公共管理理论[J].江苏行政学院学报,2005(1)
[21]杨士弘.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[22]于水.多中心治理与现实应用[J].江海学刊,2005(5):106
[23]赵华林.主要污染物总量减排核查核算参考手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008
[24]汪纪戎.中国污染减排:战略与政策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008
[25]朱京海.污染减排工作手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009
[26]“十一五”期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
①中国污染减排:战略与政策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.6
①[美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理之道[M].上海:上海三联书店,2000
①[美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理之道[M].上海:上海三联书店,2000:33-167
①曲翔滨,吴琳.以环保先行促进沈阳振兴[J].环境保护科学,2004(3)
[1] Daniel J. Fiorino: Environmental Policy As Learning: A New View of an Old Landscape, Public Administration Review.May/June 2001,Vol.61,No.3
[2] Ostrom, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution ofIn stitutions for Collective Action [M].Cambridge University Press,1990
[3] Stephen S. Light and John R. Wodraska: National Water Policy:A Prospect for Institutional Reform, Public Administration Re-view50th YEAR, SEPTEMBER/OCTORBER,1990
[4] [美]伊丽莎白·伊科诺米著,程仁桃摘译.中国环境保护的实施情况[J].国外理论动态,2007,(4):36
[5]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆.公共事务的治理指导[M].上海:三联书店,2000
[6]蔡守秋.第三种调整机制———从环境资源保护和环境资源法角度进行研究(上) [J].中国发展,2004(1)
[7]董克用.公共管理与政策评论[J].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008
[8]杜秋根.辽宁省可持续发展环境保护战略研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[9]李宝娟.中国环保产业及市场发展的初步分析[J].产业与市场,2002,(8)
[10]李海燕.竞争、多中心治道与我国公共服务改革[J].河南社会科学.2004(6)
[11]李红艺,刘伟京.排污总量控制指标分配方法的探讨[J].中国环境管理,2003,51
[12]李晶明,夏冬前.污染减排工作的探讨[J].环境与可持续发展,2008.4: 38-40
[13]李世源,刘伟.对我国生态环境问题治理困境的政治学思考[J].天府新论,2007(6):12-14
[14]李艳芳.公众参与环境保护的法律制度建设——以非政府组织(NGO)为中心[J].浙江社会科学,2004 (2)
[15]李艳芳.公众参与环境影响评价制度研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004
[16]迈克尔·麦金尼斯[美].多中心治道与发展[M].上海:上海三联书店. 2000: 76-78
[17]曲翔滨.吴琳.以环保先行促进沈阳振兴[J].环境保护科学.2004(3)
[18]沈阳市年鉴.2008-2010
[19]市政府对《关于沈阳市污染减排工作情况的报告》的审议意见研究处理情况的报告.2008-9-17
[20]王兴伦.多中心治理:一种新的公共管理理论[J].江苏行政学院学报,2005(1)
[21]杨士弘.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[22]于水.多中心治理与现实应用[J].江海学刊,2005(5):106
[23]赵华林.主要污染物总量减排核查核算参考手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008
[24]汪纪戎.中国污染减排:战略与政策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008
[25]朱京海.污染减排工作手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009
[26]“十一五”期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002