涡旋弹簧疲劳寿命分析及应用
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摘要
摩擦换向抽油机是一种新型的抽油系统。由于其频繁换向，升降机械在“正转—停车—反转”的变换时刻，加速度较大，加之较大的载荷，系统内部将产生较大的冲击，使得系统的功率需求波动幅度很大，动力源一直工作在不稳定状态下。选择功率小，则导致经常性过载；反之，则又导致动力浪费。系统中的各个机械零部件如抽油杆、减速器轴上的针轮轴承、钢丝绳等寿命也都受到冲击的影响。能否减小电机的功率波动幅度，改善机构中各零部件的载荷情况，进而降低能耗，并提高整个工作系统的使用寿命，是关系到摩擦换向抽油机这种新型石油机械设备生存与发展的重要课题。
在动力轴和承载构件之间加缓冲器是解决这一问题的很好的办法。基于这一构思，我们在减速器的输出轴与摩擦轮之间加涡旋弹簧做缓冲器，经过理论分析与实践检验，有效地减缓了速度突变，减轻了系统在正反转换向瞬间受到的冲击，提高了系统寿命的同时，节能效果十分明显。
作为缓冲器主要组成部件之一的涡旋弹簧，其性能的好坏直接影响缓冲器的缓冲效果，进而影响整个升降机的使用寿命。为确保涡旋弹簧使用的可靠性，本文对涡旋弹簧进行疲劳寿命分析。
本文根据对摩擦换向抽油机的工作状况分析，首先初步计算出涡旋弹簧的几何参数，利用三维建模软件UG，建立涡旋弹簧的三维实体模型；其次通过大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中内置的IGES转换过滤器，将涡旋弹簧实体模型转换到ANSYS软件中，对其进行应力—应变分析；最后根据其分析结果，对涡旋弹簧的最大危险应力点进行疲劳寿命分析。根据上述分析结果对传统弹簧传统理论进行验证，为进一步优化提供理论依据。
随着摩擦换向抽油机的不断完善，这种抽油机将会很好地应用于石油开采领域，本文的预研工作也将有力地推动这种抽油机的应用。
Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit is a new kind of oil pumping system. Because of frequently reversing of the friction wheel, just at the moment as friction wheel changes rotational direction, relatively large acceleration and heavy load will appear, and therefore exist the great impact in the whole pumping system. The power required is thus increased and the motor will have to work under unstable status. If motor with less power is selected, regular overload will often happen. On the contrary, loss of power will be resulted, In such kind of machinery, every component or part such as oil extraction rod, pin gear bearing in the axle of the reduction gear, steel wire rope, etc, will be under the influence of impact. We expect that the power fluctuating magnitude of the motor can be decreased, the loaded situation in system be improved, energy consumption be reduced, and then the whole work system service life be enhanced. This is an important research topic which will determine the future development of
Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit.
A buffer is placed between the dynamic shaft and friction wheel, which may be a very good method to solve the problem. With this idea, between the output axle of reducer and the rub wheels a vortex spring is added. Through theoretical analysis and experiment, it is shown that the sudden change of speed and impact in the pumping system is effectively lightened during positive and negative reversion of the friction wheel. System life is enhanced and the energy conservation has been reduced obviously.
As a key part of the buffer, the vortex spring will affect buffing result directly and therefore, the elevator service life will be determined by its performance. In order to guarantee the reliability of vortex spring, the fatigue life of the vortex spring is analyzed in this paper.
According to the state analysis of the Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit, the geometry parameter of the vortex spring is calculated in this paper at first. With the 3-D modeling software UG, the three-dimensional entity model of the vortex spring is set up. Secondly, through the IGES transformation filter that is in the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS, the model of the vortex spring entity is transferred into ANSYS software.
Stress-strain analysis is carried out for the vortex spring. Finally, according to the analysis result, at the most dangerous point where the biggest stress appears, the fatigue life is analyzed. The traditional theory of the spring is verified according to above-mentioned analysis results. The theoretical foundation for further optimization is thus offered.
With the Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit being constantly perfected, the application will be widened. The pre-research work done here will provide powerful support for the application.
在动力轴和承载构件之间加缓冲器是解决这一问题的很好的办法。基于这一构思，我们在减速器的输出轴与摩擦轮之间加涡旋弹簧做缓冲器，经过理论分析与实践检验，有效地减缓了速度突变，减轻了系统在正反转换向瞬间受到的冲击，提高了系统寿命的同时，节能效果十分明显。
作为缓冲器主要组成部件之一的涡旋弹簧，其性能的好坏直接影响缓冲器的缓冲效果，进而影响整个升降机的使用寿命。为确保涡旋弹簧使用的可靠性，本文对涡旋弹簧进行疲劳寿命分析。
本文根据对摩擦换向抽油机的工作状况分析，首先初步计算出涡旋弹簧的几何参数，利用三维建模软件UG，建立涡旋弹簧的三维实体模型；其次通过大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中内置的IGES转换过滤器，将涡旋弹簧实体模型转换到ANSYS软件中，对其进行应力—应变分析；最后根据其分析结果，对涡旋弹簧的最大危险应力点进行疲劳寿命分析。根据上述分析结果对传统弹簧传统理论进行验证，为进一步优化提供理论依据。
随着摩擦换向抽油机的不断完善，这种抽油机将会很好地应用于石油开采领域，本文的预研工作也将有力地推动这种抽油机的应用。
Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit is a new kind of oil pumping system. Because of frequently reversing of the friction wheel, just at the moment as friction wheel changes rotational direction, relatively large acceleration and heavy load will appear, and therefore exist the great impact in the whole pumping system. The power required is thus increased and the motor will have to work under unstable status. If motor with less power is selected, regular overload will often happen. On the contrary, loss of power will be resulted, In such kind of machinery, every component or part such as oil extraction rod, pin gear bearing in the axle of the reduction gear, steel wire rope, etc, will be under the influence of impact. We expect that the power fluctuating magnitude of the motor can be decreased, the loaded situation in system be improved, energy consumption be reduced, and then the whole work system service life be enhanced. This is an important research topic which will determine the future development of
Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit.
A buffer is placed between the dynamic shaft and friction wheel, which may be a very good method to solve the problem. With this idea, between the output axle of reducer and the rub wheels a vortex spring is added. Through theoretical analysis and experiment, it is shown that the sudden change of speed and impact in the pumping system is effectively lightened during positive and negative reversion of the friction wheel. System life is enhanced and the energy conservation has been reduced obviously.
As a key part of the buffer, the vortex spring will affect buffing result directly and therefore, the elevator service life will be determined by its performance. In order to guarantee the reliability of vortex spring, the fatigue life of the vortex spring is analyzed in this paper.
According to the state analysis of the Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit, the geometry parameter of the vortex spring is calculated in this paper at first. With the 3-D modeling software UG, the three-dimensional entity model of the vortex spring is set up. Secondly, through the IGES transformation filter that is in the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS, the model of the vortex spring entity is transferred into ANSYS software.
Stress-strain analysis is carried out for the vortex spring. Finally, according to the analysis result, at the most dangerous point where the biggest stress appears, the fatigue life is analyzed. The traditional theory of the spring is verified according to above-mentioned analysis results. The theoretical foundation for further optimization is thus offered.
With the Friction Reversing Type Oil Pumping Unit being constantly perfected, the application will be widened. The pre-research work done here will provide powerful support for the application.
引文
[1] 綦耀光．石临嵩．浅谈我国抽油机的类型及发展趋势．1995，18(2)：46～49
[2] 李伟．我国抽油机的现状及发展方向．石油机械．1992，20(2)：20～24
[3] 张连山．我国抽油机的发展趋势．石油机械．1996,19(6)：41～47
[4] 张连山．关于国内抽油机发展趋向的几个问题．石油机械．1996，24(2)：30～34
[5] 张连山．国外抽油机的技术发展．石油机械．1999．27(4)：54～56
[6] 陈建平．平面涡旋弹簧寿命测试仪的研制．电子于自动化．1996，(4)：34～37
[7] 邓增杰，周敬恩．工程材料的断裂与疲劳．机械工业出版社．1995．78～104
[8] 沈波．平面涡旋弹簧的应用．机械．2001．28(5)：19～20
[9] Maason S S. Fatigue a complex Subject-some simple approximations. Experimental Mechanics.1965, 5
[10] Paris P C.Erdugam F,Critical analysis of crsck propagation Lows.Trans. ASME.J.Basic Eng.1963,85:528～534
[11] Daris P C. Gomez M P.etal. Arational analytic theory of fatigue. Trend in Engineering. 1961,113:9～4
[12] [美]C．C．奥斯古德．疲劳设计．北京：科学出版社，1982,(1)．389～404
[13] 刘鸿文．材料力学．高等教育出版社．1992．320～331
[14] 方同，薛璞．振动理论及应用．西北工业大学出版社．1998
[15] 龙驭球．有限元法概论．北京：人们教育出版社．1978．8
[16] 章本照编著．流体力学中的有限元方法．机械工业出版社．1986．10～25
[17] 王国强．数值模拟技术极其在ANSYS上的实践．西北工业大学出版社．1999．89～101
[18] J. Donea. A Taylor-Galerkin Method For Convective Transport Problems. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 1984,20(1):109～119
[19] V. Selmin, J. Donea, L. Quartapelle. Finite Element Methods For Nonlinear Advection. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng: 1991, 52:817～845
[20] C. B. Jiang, M. Kawahara. The Analysis Of Unsteady Incompressible Flows By A Three-Step Finite Eelement Method. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids. 1993,16.793～811
[21] 张丽琼．UG在内燃机凸轮型线设计中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．57～58
[22] 冯春，朱培玉．UG的用户自定义特征功能在模具软件开发中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．114～117
[23] 曾向阳．基于UG的装配用三维标准件图库的开发．机械设计与研究．1998(4)．38～41
[24] 郑永刚．基于UG平台开发活塞计算机模拟分析软件．UG99用户年会论文集．133～134
[25] 王谈UG / open API在 CAD / CAPP / CAM集成系统开发中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．135～136
[26] 彭昆．雷雨成．基于UG平台的汽车总体设计专家系统的开发．UG99用户年会论文集．103～105
[27] 谭建国．使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析．北京：北京大学出版社,2002(5)．394～342
[28] ANSYS INC. ANSYS技术报告．1998．6
[29] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Basic Analysis Procedures. 1998.6
[30] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Structure Analysis Guide. 1998.6
[31] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. 1998.6
[32] ANSYS Theory Reference ANSYS Inc,1998.8
[33] ANSYS Elements Reference ANSYS Inc, 1998.8
[34] Chae WE,Bathe KJ.On Automatic Mesh Construction and Mesh Refinement in Finite Element Analysis, Comput Struct, 1989,32(3-4)
[35] 龚曙光．ANSYS工程应用实例解析．北京：机械工业出版社,2003(4)．366～375
[36] 徐灏．机械设计师手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1995．3-255～3-271
[37] 成大先．机械设计手册．北京：化学工业出版社，2002(1)．11-127～11-132
[38] 黄俊明，吴运明，詹永裕．UniGraphics模型设计实例演练篇．北京：中国铁道出版社2002(11)．15～52
[39] 高云，刘勇奎．阿基米德曲线和渐开线的逐点生成算法．计算机辅助设计与图形学．2002(6)：505～508
[40] 曾向阳，谢国明．王学平．UGNX基础及应用教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．579～589
[41] 倪靖凯．用UG／GFEM PLUS提高ANSYS求解结构有限元问题的应用能力．贵州工业大学学报，1999，28(6)：56～60
[42] 董玉集．CAD中若干接口问题的研究．计算机辅助设计与制造，2002(1)：74～77
[43] 王瑞，陈海霞，王广峰．ANSYS有限元网格划分浅析．天津工业大学学报，2002，21(4)：8～11
[44] 龚曙光．ANSYS基础应用及范例解析．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[45] 刘国庆，杨庆东．ANSYS工程应用教程机械篇．北京：中国铁道出版社，2003．1～29
[46] 叶先磊，史亚杰．ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．90～114
[47] 汪增祥，魏先英，刘祥至．弹簧设计守册．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1986
[2] 李伟．我国抽油机的现状及发展方向．石油机械．1992，20(2)：20～24
[3] 张连山．我国抽油机的发展趋势．石油机械．1996,19(6)：41～47
[4] 张连山．关于国内抽油机发展趋向的几个问题．石油机械．1996，24(2)：30～34
[5] 张连山．国外抽油机的技术发展．石油机械．1999．27(4)：54～56
[6] 陈建平．平面涡旋弹簧寿命测试仪的研制．电子于自动化．1996，(4)：34～37
[7] 邓增杰，周敬恩．工程材料的断裂与疲劳．机械工业出版社．1995．78～104
[8] 沈波．平面涡旋弹簧的应用．机械．2001．28(5)：19～20
[9] Maason S S. Fatigue a complex Subject-some simple approximations. Experimental Mechanics.1965, 5
[10] Paris P C.Erdugam F,Critical analysis of crsck propagation Lows.Trans. ASME.J.Basic Eng.1963,85:528～534
[11] Daris P C. Gomez M P.etal. Arational analytic theory of fatigue. Trend in Engineering. 1961,113:9～4
[12] [美]C．C．奥斯古德．疲劳设计．北京：科学出版社，1982,(1)．389～404
[13] 刘鸿文．材料力学．高等教育出版社．1992．320～331
[14] 方同，薛璞．振动理论及应用．西北工业大学出版社．1998
[15] 龙驭球．有限元法概论．北京：人们教育出版社．1978．8
[16] 章本照编著．流体力学中的有限元方法．机械工业出版社．1986．10～25
[17] 王国强．数值模拟技术极其在ANSYS上的实践．西北工业大学出版社．1999．89～101
[18] J. Donea. A Taylor-Galerkin Method For Convective Transport Problems. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 1984,20(1):109～119
[19] V. Selmin, J. Donea, L. Quartapelle. Finite Element Methods For Nonlinear Advection. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng: 1991, 52:817～845
[20] C. B. Jiang, M. Kawahara. The Analysis Of Unsteady Incompressible Flows By A Three-Step Finite Eelement Method. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids. 1993,16.793～811
[21] 张丽琼．UG在内燃机凸轮型线设计中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．57～58
[22] 冯春，朱培玉．UG的用户自定义特征功能在模具软件开发中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．114～117
[23] 曾向阳．基于UG的装配用三维标准件图库的开发．机械设计与研究．1998(4)．38～41
[24] 郑永刚．基于UG平台开发活塞计算机模拟分析软件．UG99用户年会论文集．133～134
[25] 王谈UG / open API在 CAD / CAPP / CAM集成系统开发中的应用．UG99用户年会论文集．135～136
[26] 彭昆．雷雨成．基于UG平台的汽车总体设计专家系统的开发．UG99用户年会论文集．103～105
[27] 谭建国．使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析．北京：北京大学出版社,2002(5)．394～342
[28] ANSYS INC. ANSYS技术报告．1998．6
[29] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Basic Analysis Procedures. 1998.6
[30] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Structure Analysis Guide. 1998.6
[31] ANSYS INC. ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide. 1998.6
[32] ANSYS Theory Reference ANSYS Inc,1998.8
[33] ANSYS Elements Reference ANSYS Inc, 1998.8
[34] Chae WE,Bathe KJ.On Automatic Mesh Construction and Mesh Refinement in Finite Element Analysis, Comput Struct, 1989,32(3-4)
[35] 龚曙光．ANSYS工程应用实例解析．北京：机械工业出版社,2003(4)．366～375
[36] 徐灏．机械设计师手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1995．3-255～3-271
[37] 成大先．机械设计手册．北京：化学工业出版社，2002(1)．11-127～11-132
[38] 黄俊明，吴运明，詹永裕．UniGraphics模型设计实例演练篇．北京：中国铁道出版社2002(11)．15～52
[39] 高云，刘勇奎．阿基米德曲线和渐开线的逐点生成算法．计算机辅助设计与图形学．2002(6)：505～508
[40] 曾向阳，谢国明．王学平．UGNX基础及应用教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．579～589
[41] 倪靖凯．用UG／GFEM PLUS提高ANSYS求解结构有限元问题的应用能力．贵州工业大学学报，1999，28(6)：56～60
[42] 董玉集．CAD中若干接口问题的研究．计算机辅助设计与制造，2002(1)：74～77
[43] 王瑞，陈海霞，王广峰．ANSYS有限元网格划分浅析．天津工业大学学报，2002，21(4)：8～11
[44] 龚曙光．ANSYS基础应用及范例解析．北京：机械工业出版社，2003．
[45] 刘国庆，杨庆东．ANSYS工程应用教程机械篇．北京：中国铁道出版社，2003．1～29
[46] 叶先磊，史亚杰．ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．90～114
[47] 汪增祥，魏先英，刘祥至．弹簧设计守册．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1986