柔性基底减震耗能立式钢制储罐的研究
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摘要
立式圆柱钢制储液容器是油田、石油化工及其相关企业应用多而广的储液容器。而地震是世界上最具突发性和破坏性的自然灾害,立式储罐在地震作用下的损坏,易造成严重的经济损失,特别是立式储罐多为储存易燃、易爆介质,其后果是十分严重的,特别是次生灾害的影响更为严重,次生灾害的产生将对人类的生存环境造成严重的危害和影响,给生产和国民经济造成严重的损失。
储罐是石油和天然气资源开发的基础性设施,是能源利用、再生产和供给的重要设施。近几十年来,随着油田的开发和开采,以及能源储备和输送的需求,立式储油罐的建造需求加大,而且向着体型大、浮放方向发展。
随着石油和天然气的开采,立式浮放大型储罐已成为石油、化工等领域的重要工业设施。如何减少地震作用对其造成的破坏,以及大型储罐适应地基的不均匀沉降,已成为该领域的重要研究课题之一。而结构控制学科的发展,为立式储液容器的抗震设计与研究开辟了一个新的途径。
本论文结合柔性材料沉降变形适应性强和结构的控制思想,针对立式储罐,进行基础滑移隔震、改变罐底结构形式等方面进行理论研究和实验分析研究。其研究工作主要有:
(1)针对柔性罐底新型结构,提出了具有隔震耗能作用的隔震基础形式;分析了滑移隔震基础的隔震机理。
(2)建立了柔性基底滑移隔震立式储罐的计算分析模型和运动方程。给出了非线性阻尼简化为等效的线性阻尼的方法。
(3)针对10种系列立式浮顶储罐,采用柔性罐底滑移隔震体系,进行了不同地震动加速度峰值、不同场地,不同径高比,不同隔震周期的仿真计算分析,得出了在不同场地、加速度峰值作用下的隔震效果;给出了合理的隔震周期。
(4)进行了柔性基底滑移隔震模型储罐的现场模拟动力实验,研究了滑移隔震体系的减震效果。
The cylindrical liquid-storage steel containers are widely used in oil fields. Earthquake is a natural disaster with outburst and ruinousness in the world. The damage of the vertical storage steel tank by earthquake is easy to make serious economic loss. Because most of the vertical storage steel tanks are flammable and exploded-prone medium, the consequence must be very serious. And the effect of the secondary damage must be worse by threatening the survival environment and national economy.
Storage tank is basic facility of petroleum and chemical industry, and important facility of the employment of the energy sources, reproduction and supply. In recent decades, with the developing and exploiting of oilfields, and increasing of the demands of the reserving and conveying of energy facilities, the vertical storage steel tank is becoming huger and elevated, and its requirement is larger.
With the exploiting of petroleum and natural gas, vertical elevated storage steel tank has become the important facility of petroleum and chemical field. How to reduce of the damage of the earthquake to it and adapt it to the uneven subside of the base has turned into one of the most important studies in this field. And the development of structure control provides a new direction for the seismic design and research. Combining with good adaptability to subside and deformation of flexibility material and thought of structure control, slip base isolation of vertical storage steel tank and the change of structure shape of tank bottom are experienced and studied in the paper. The major studies are shown as follows:
(1)Aiming to flexibility material bottom of the tank and new structure, base isolation form with the characteristic of base isolation and energy dissipating is putting forward; the mechanism of slip base isolation is analyzed.
(2)The calculate analysis model of the Flexibility material bottom of the vertical storage tank and move equation are founded; the method that Nonlinearity damp is simplified into equivalent linearity damp is given.
(3)Aiming to 10 types of vertical floating storage tanks,by adopting slip base isolation system of flexibility material bottom of the tanks, simulate calculating analysis is carried out under the different seismic acceleration peak value, different sites,different ratio between diameter and height and different base isolation Period.
(4)Simulate the dynamic experiment of flexibility material bottom of the vertical storage tanks is performed; the effect of slip base isolation system is studied.
储罐是石油和天然气资源开发的基础性设施,是能源利用、再生产和供给的重要设施。近几十年来,随着油田的开发和开采,以及能源储备和输送的需求,立式储油罐的建造需求加大,而且向着体型大、浮放方向发展。
随着石油和天然气的开采,立式浮放大型储罐已成为石油、化工等领域的重要工业设施。如何减少地震作用对其造成的破坏,以及大型储罐适应地基的不均匀沉降,已成为该领域的重要研究课题之一。而结构控制学科的发展,为立式储液容器的抗震设计与研究开辟了一个新的途径。
本论文结合柔性材料沉降变形适应性强和结构的控制思想,针对立式储罐,进行基础滑移隔震、改变罐底结构形式等方面进行理论研究和实验分析研究。其研究工作主要有:
(1)针对柔性罐底新型结构,提出了具有隔震耗能作用的隔震基础形式;分析了滑移隔震基础的隔震机理。
(2)建立了柔性基底滑移隔震立式储罐的计算分析模型和运动方程。给出了非线性阻尼简化为等效的线性阻尼的方法。
(3)针对10种系列立式浮顶储罐,采用柔性罐底滑移隔震体系,进行了不同地震动加速度峰值、不同场地,不同径高比,不同隔震周期的仿真计算分析,得出了在不同场地、加速度峰值作用下的隔震效果;给出了合理的隔震周期。
(4)进行了柔性基底滑移隔震模型储罐的现场模拟动力实验,研究了滑移隔震体系的减震效果。
The cylindrical liquid-storage steel containers are widely used in oil fields. Earthquake is a natural disaster with outburst and ruinousness in the world. The damage of the vertical storage steel tank by earthquake is easy to make serious economic loss. Because most of the vertical storage steel tanks are flammable and exploded-prone medium, the consequence must be very serious. And the effect of the secondary damage must be worse by threatening the survival environment and national economy.
Storage tank is basic facility of petroleum and chemical industry, and important facility of the employment of the energy sources, reproduction and supply. In recent decades, with the developing and exploiting of oilfields, and increasing of the demands of the reserving and conveying of energy facilities, the vertical storage steel tank is becoming huger and elevated, and its requirement is larger.
With the exploiting of petroleum and natural gas, vertical elevated storage steel tank has become the important facility of petroleum and chemical field. How to reduce of the damage of the earthquake to it and adapt it to the uneven subside of the base has turned into one of the most important studies in this field. And the development of structure control provides a new direction for the seismic design and research. Combining with good adaptability to subside and deformation of flexibility material and thought of structure control, slip base isolation of vertical storage steel tank and the change of structure shape of tank bottom are experienced and studied in the paper. The major studies are shown as follows:
(1)Aiming to flexibility material bottom of the tank and new structure, base isolation form with the characteristic of base isolation and energy dissipating is putting forward; the mechanism of slip base isolation is analyzed.
(2)The calculate analysis model of the Flexibility material bottom of the vertical storage tank and move equation are founded; the method that Nonlinearity damp is simplified into equivalent linearity damp is given.
(3)Aiming to 10 types of vertical floating storage tanks,by adopting slip base isolation system of flexibility material bottom of the tanks, simulate calculating analysis is carried out under the different seismic acceleration peak value, different sites,different ratio between diameter and height and different base isolation Period.
(4)Simulate the dynamic experiment of flexibility material bottom of the vertical storage tanks is performed; the effect of slip base isolation system is studied.
引文
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