形变技术与基于法向量的曲面分割及其在编织CAD系统中的应用
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摘要
计算几何在真实感图形的生成上有着很重要的应用，同时也应用于实时呈现技术。我们对编织物建立了几何模型，并提出了基于曲面法向量的曲面分割技术，以使生成的图形真实感强、同时又快速。
对变形技术的研究主要有纯几何模型及根据物理(力学)属性而确定的模型。本文根据编织物特点，提出了两步变形(先整体后局部)方法，以涵盖上述两种模型。
我们对经典的Peirce模型进行了讨论，并进行了数值分析，指出了模型中存在的问题，并给出了常用的参数。
本文设计并开发了编织物CAD系统，对本文上述理论进行了实践。结果显示，本文的理论能得到很好的视觉效果，并能快速呈现。这个CAD系统有着很好的实用价值。
Computing geometry play key role in the generation of realistic images, and also has
important application in real-time rendering. In this thesis we present a curved surface
subdivide method based on norm so that we can obtain a graphics quickly and
efficiently.
There are two key methods on the research of deformation, based on pure geometrical model and based on physical property. And we present a two-step deformation (global and local) method to cover the existing deformation method on knitwear.
Also we discuss the classic model- Peirce's plain stitch model, point out an error in it,
and give some useful parameters.
We also design and develop the Knitwear-CAD system based on our theory .The result shows that our method has good vision effect and can perform fast rendering, and this CAD system is very useful to practice.
对变形技术的研究主要有纯几何模型及根据物理(力学)属性而确定的模型。本文根据编织物特点，提出了两步变形(先整体后局部)方法，以涵盖上述两种模型。
我们对经典的Peirce模型进行了讨论，并进行了数值分析，指出了模型中存在的问题，并给出了常用的参数。
本文设计并开发了编织物CAD系统，对本文上述理论进行了实践。结果显示，本文的理论能得到很好的视觉效果，并能快速呈现。这个CAD系统有着很好的实用价值。
Computing geometry play key role in the generation of realistic images, and also has
important application in real-time rendering. In this thesis we present a curved surface
subdivide method based on norm so that we can obtain a graphics quickly and
efficiently.
There are two key methods on the research of deformation, based on pure geometrical model and based on physical property. And we present a two-step deformation (global and local) method to cover the existing deformation method on knitwear.
Also we discuss the classic model- Peirce's plain stitch model, point out an error in it,
and give some useful parameters.
We also design and develop the Knitwear-CAD system based on our theory .The result shows that our method has good vision effect and can perform fast rendering, and this CAD system is very useful to practice.
引文
[1] Peirce F. T.. The Geometry of Cloth Structure. J. Text. Inst. Transaction, T45, 1937
[2] Peirce F. T.. Geometrical Principles Applicable to The Design of Functional Fabrics. J. Text. Inst. Transaction, 17, p 123, 1947.
[3] Dalidovitch. A. S., Osnowy Tieorii Wjazanija, Gizlegprom, Moscow, 1949
[4] G. A. Leaf, A Glaskin. The Geometry of Plain Knitted Loop, J. Textile Inst., p587, 1955.
[5] G. A. Leaf. Models of the Plain-Knitted Loop, J. Textile Inst., T49, 1960.
[6] Michael Meissner, Bernhard Eberhardt and Wolfgang Strasser. A Volumetric Appearance Model, 1996
[7] A. Demiroz and T. Dias. Part Ⅰ: Stitch Model for the Graphical Representation of Plain-knitted Structures, J. Textile Inst., p463, part 1, No. 4, 2000
[8] Hua Zhong Ying-Qing etc. Realistic and Efficient Rendering of Free-Form Knitwear Microsoft Research, China, Institute of Software, Academia China, 2001
[9] 王国瑾．计算机辅助几何设计．大连理工大学出版社，2002
[10] 秦志光，张风荔等．NURBS曲面的算法分析及实现。电子科技大学学报，2001．1
[11] 邱泽阳等．NURBS及其自由变形．机械科学与技术．2000，19(4)
[12] 孙家广、杨长贵．计算机图形学(第三版)．清华大学出版社．2000．
[13] 彭群生，鲍虎军，金小刚．计算机真实感图形的算法基础，科学出版社 1999
[14] 李刚等．OpenGL中NURBS曲面造型及应用．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，8
[15] H.Gouraud. Computer Display of Curved Surfaces,IEEE Trans, Computers, Vol.20,No.6,1971
[16] B.I.phong. Illummination for Computer-generated Images,Ph.D, Dissertation,University of Utah,July, 1973
[17] Barr A.H. Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics, 1984,18(3):21-30
[18] Sederberg T.W., Parry S.R. Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. Computer Graphics, 1986,20(4): 151-160
[19] Coquillart S. Extended free-form deformation: A sculpturing tool for 3 Dgeometric
modeling. Computer Graphics, 1990,24(4): 187-196
[20] Hsu W.M., Hughes J.F., Kaufman H. Direct Manipulation of free-form deformation. Computer Graphics, 1992,26(4): 177-184
[21] Kalra P. Mangili A., Thalmann N.M., Thalmann D. Simulation of facial muscle actors based on rational free-form deformation. EUROGRAPHICS'92, Computer Graphics Forum, 1992,2(3):59-69
[22] F. Sillion C. Puech, A General Two-Pass Method Integrating Specular and Diffuse Reflection, Computer Graphics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 335-344, 1989.
[23] Ying-Qing Xu, EnhuaWuz etc.. Photorealistic Rendering of Knitwear Using The Lumislice, Microsoft Research, China, Institute of Software, Academia China, 2000.
[24] Cohen M., Greenberg D.P., Immel D. S., and Brock P. J. An Efficient Radiosity Approach for Realisity Image Synthesis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application Mar. 1986, 6(3) : pp26～35
[25] Xuegong Ai. Geometrical Modelling of Woven and Knitted fabric for technical application, thesis, UMIST, 2002.
[26] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Complex Woven Fabrics Part Ⅰ: Backed Cloths, J. Textile Inst., Volume 89, p532, 1997.
[27] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Complex Woven Fabrics Part Ⅱ: Multi-layer Fabrics, J. Textile Inst., Volume 90, p73, 1997.
[28] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Orthogonal and Angle-Interlock Woven Structures for Industrial Applications, Text. Res. J., 69(9), 648, 1999.
[29] J.T.Kajiya.The Rendering Equation, Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1986.
[30] 塔勤，金斯伯格．ActiveX开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．1997
[31] 费正广，乔林．Visual C++6.0高级编程技术．中国铁道出版社．2000
[32] 黄庆生，汤毅，戴宁．精通Visual C++6.0．人民邮电出版社．1999
[33] 许春杰．深入浅出C#．人民邮电出版社．2001
[34] 朱亚平．OpenGL编程实例．人民邮电出版社．1999
[35] 张基温．信息系统开发案例．清华大学出版社．1999
[36] 白建军．OpenGL三维图形设计与制作．人民邮电出版社．1999
[37] 乔林，费正广．OpenGL程序设计．人民邮电出版社．2000
[38] 席平，经玲，唐荣锡．用变形模型整体构造B样条曲面方法研究．北京航空航天大学学报．1999(04)
[39] W．H．Inmon．客户/服务器应用程序开发指南．电子工业出版社．1995
[40] 罗晓沛．计算机综合应用知识．清华大学出版社．1992
[41] M. Meiβner and B. Eberhardt. The Art of Knitted Fabrics,Realistic & Physically Based Modelling Of Knitted Patterns, EUROGRAPHICS '98 N. Ferreira and M. Gbel Volume 17, (1998), Number
[42] 用OpenGL实现三维图形的半可视化建模方法．自动化技术与应用，2000，19(1)
[43] 怀特斯维特．OpenGL超级宝典．人民邮电出版社．2001
[44] 周英人．现代软件工程．科学出版社．2000
[2] Peirce F. T.. Geometrical Principles Applicable to The Design of Functional Fabrics. J. Text. Inst. Transaction, 17, p 123, 1947.
[3] Dalidovitch. A. S., Osnowy Tieorii Wjazanija, Gizlegprom, Moscow, 1949
[4] G. A. Leaf, A Glaskin. The Geometry of Plain Knitted Loop, J. Textile Inst., p587, 1955.
[5] G. A. Leaf. Models of the Plain-Knitted Loop, J. Textile Inst., T49, 1960.
[6] Michael Meissner, Bernhard Eberhardt and Wolfgang Strasser. A Volumetric Appearance Model, 1996
[7] A. Demiroz and T. Dias. Part Ⅰ: Stitch Model for the Graphical Representation of Plain-knitted Structures, J. Textile Inst., p463, part 1, No. 4, 2000
[8] Hua Zhong Ying-Qing etc. Realistic and Efficient Rendering of Free-Form Knitwear Microsoft Research, China, Institute of Software, Academia China, 2001
[9] 王国瑾．计算机辅助几何设计．大连理工大学出版社，2002
[10] 秦志光，张风荔等．NURBS曲面的算法分析及实现。电子科技大学学报，2001．1
[11] 邱泽阳等．NURBS及其自由变形．机械科学与技术．2000，19(4)
[12] 孙家广、杨长贵．计算机图形学(第三版)．清华大学出版社．2000．
[13] 彭群生，鲍虎军，金小刚．计算机真实感图形的算法基础，科学出版社 1999
[14] 李刚等．OpenGL中NURBS曲面造型及应用．计算机辅助设计与制造，1999，8
[15] H.Gouraud. Computer Display of Curved Surfaces,IEEE Trans, Computers, Vol.20,No.6,1971
[16] B.I.phong. Illummination for Computer-generated Images,Ph.D, Dissertation,University of Utah,July, 1973
[17] Barr A.H. Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics, 1984,18(3):21-30
[18] Sederberg T.W., Parry S.R. Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. Computer Graphics, 1986,20(4): 151-160
[19] Coquillart S. Extended free-form deformation: A sculpturing tool for 3 Dgeometric
modeling. Computer Graphics, 1990,24(4): 187-196
[20] Hsu W.M., Hughes J.F., Kaufman H. Direct Manipulation of free-form deformation. Computer Graphics, 1992,26(4): 177-184
[21] Kalra P. Mangili A., Thalmann N.M., Thalmann D. Simulation of facial muscle actors based on rational free-form deformation. EUROGRAPHICS'92, Computer Graphics Forum, 1992,2(3):59-69
[22] F. Sillion C. Puech, A General Two-Pass Method Integrating Specular and Diffuse Reflection, Computer Graphics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 335-344, 1989.
[23] Ying-Qing Xu, EnhuaWuz etc.. Photorealistic Rendering of Knitwear Using The Lumislice, Microsoft Research, China, Institute of Software, Academia China, 2000.
[24] Cohen M., Greenberg D.P., Immel D. S., and Brock P. J. An Efficient Radiosity Approach for Realisity Image Synthesis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Application Mar. 1986, 6(3) : pp26～35
[25] Xuegong Ai. Geometrical Modelling of Woven and Knitted fabric for technical application, thesis, UMIST, 2002.
[26] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Complex Woven Fabrics Part Ⅰ: Backed Cloths, J. Textile Inst., Volume 89, p532, 1997.
[27] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Complex Woven Fabrics Part Ⅱ: Multi-layer Fabrics, J. Textile Inst., Volume 90, p73, 1997.
[28] X. Chen, P. Potiyaraj. CAD/CAM for Orthogonal and Angle-Interlock Woven Structures for Industrial Applications, Text. Res. J., 69(9), 648, 1999.
[29] J.T.Kajiya.The Rendering Equation, Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1986.
[30] 塔勤，金斯伯格．ActiveX开发人员指南．机械工业出版社．1997
[31] 费正广，乔林．Visual C++6.0高级编程技术．中国铁道出版社．2000
[32] 黄庆生，汤毅，戴宁．精通Visual C++6.0．人民邮电出版社．1999
[33] 许春杰．深入浅出C#．人民邮电出版社．2001
[34] 朱亚平．OpenGL编程实例．人民邮电出版社．1999
[35] 张基温．信息系统开发案例．清华大学出版社．1999
[36] 白建军．OpenGL三维图形设计与制作．人民邮电出版社．1999
[37] 乔林，费正广．OpenGL程序设计．人民邮电出版社．2000
[38] 席平，经玲，唐荣锡．用变形模型整体构造B样条曲面方法研究．北京航空航天大学学报．1999(04)
[39] W．H．Inmon．客户/服务器应用程序开发指南．电子工业出版社．1995
[40] 罗晓沛．计算机综合应用知识．清华大学出版社．1992
[41] M. Meiβner and B. Eberhardt. The Art of Knitted Fabrics,Realistic & Physically Based Modelling Of Knitted Patterns, EUROGRAPHICS '98 N. Ferreira and M. Gbel Volume 17, (1998), Number
[42] 用OpenGL实现三维图形的半可视化建模方法．自动化技术与应用，2000，19(1)
[43] 怀特斯维特．OpenGL超级宝典．人民邮电出版社．2001
[44] 周英人．现代软件工程．科学出版社．2000