轴流泵出口环量对出水流道损失影响的数值模拟研究
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摘要
随着我国南水北调东线工程的开工建设,以及农业灌溉排涝及城市防洪工程规划的实施建设,已建或即将建设一大批大型低扬程轴流泵站。轴流泵出口具有环量,该环量会引起出水流道的附加水头损失或偏流,增加出水的水力损失。因此,研究轴流泵出口环量对出水流道水力损失的影响对于提高水泵装置效率具有重要意义。
本文利用CFX软件基于重整化群(RNG)紊流模型对轴流泵装置进行数值建模计算,分析不同工况下轴流泵出口环量特性,研究出口环量对出水流道水力损失的影响,并将计算结果与无环量情况进行比较。
本文设计6种出水流道方案,计算结果显示:(1)无环量情况下,出水流道损失h满足h = SQ2关系,有环量情况下不满足;(2)轴流泵出口存在环量,出水流道的水力损失呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势;(3)有环量情况下,出水流道压力恢复系数随着流量的增大,先变大后变小,而无环量情况,压力恢复系数随流量增大而减小;(4)出水流道水力损失与出水流道的扩散角有关,通过数值计算可以找到最优扩散角使得水力损失最小;(5)水泵最高效率点对应的水力损失并不是最小,对应的流量要比最高效率点的流量要大;(6)由于导叶出口环量的影响,使得带隔墩的出水流道隔墩两侧流量不相等。
本文也得到了国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目——灌区大型泵站改造关键技术研究(2006BAD11B07)的资助。
As the construction of the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, as well as the implementation of agricultural irrigation-drainage and urban flood-prevention project, our country has built or will build a large number of large-scale low-head axial flow pump stations. The outlet of the axial flow pump has circulation which leads to the additional hydraulic loss and bias flow. Therefore, studying the outlet circulation has an important practical significance in improving the pumping system efficiency
This article is based on the CFX software and RNG-turbulent mode to simulate the whole pumping system, analyze the outlet circulation characteristics of axial flow pump under various conditions, study on the influence of outlet circulation on the hydraulic loss of outlet pipe and compare the results with the none circulation.
In this paper, six different outlet conduits are analyzed and compared. Through the calculated results, we could see: (1) Under none circulation, the hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe satisfies the relation: h = SQ2, but cannot satisfy that under circulation; (2) Due to the existence of the circulation, the hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe reduces first and then increases; (3) The pressure-recovery factor under circulation increases first and then reduces with the flow increases, but under none circulation the pressure-recovery factor reduces gradually; (4) The hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe has the relation with the divergence angle of the outlet pipe, through the numerical simulation we can find the most superior angle which can make the smallest hydraulic loss; (5) The hydraulic loss in the maximum efficiency point isn’t the smallest, whose flow is larger than that in the maximum efficiency point; (6) Due to the existence of the circulation, both sides’flow of the division pier of outlet pipe is different.
This article has been funded by the the national“Eleventh Five-Year”science and technology project—the key technology research of the large pumping station reconstruction in the irrigation districts.
本文利用CFX软件基于重整化群(RNG)紊流模型对轴流泵装置进行数值建模计算,分析不同工况下轴流泵出口环量特性,研究出口环量对出水流道水力损失的影响,并将计算结果与无环量情况进行比较。
本文设计6种出水流道方案,计算结果显示:(1)无环量情况下,出水流道损失h满足h = SQ2关系,有环量情况下不满足;(2)轴流泵出口存在环量,出水流道的水力损失呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势;(3)有环量情况下,出水流道压力恢复系数随着流量的增大,先变大后变小,而无环量情况,压力恢复系数随流量增大而减小;(4)出水流道水力损失与出水流道的扩散角有关,通过数值计算可以找到最优扩散角使得水力损失最小;(5)水泵最高效率点对应的水力损失并不是最小,对应的流量要比最高效率点的流量要大;(6)由于导叶出口环量的影响,使得带隔墩的出水流道隔墩两侧流量不相等。
本文也得到了国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目——灌区大型泵站改造关键技术研究(2006BAD11B07)的资助。
As the construction of the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, as well as the implementation of agricultural irrigation-drainage and urban flood-prevention project, our country has built or will build a large number of large-scale low-head axial flow pump stations. The outlet of the axial flow pump has circulation which leads to the additional hydraulic loss and bias flow. Therefore, studying the outlet circulation has an important practical significance in improving the pumping system efficiency
This article is based on the CFX software and RNG-turbulent mode to simulate the whole pumping system, analyze the outlet circulation characteristics of axial flow pump under various conditions, study on the influence of outlet circulation on the hydraulic loss of outlet pipe and compare the results with the none circulation.
In this paper, six different outlet conduits are analyzed and compared. Through the calculated results, we could see: (1) Under none circulation, the hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe satisfies the relation: h = SQ2, but cannot satisfy that under circulation; (2) Due to the existence of the circulation, the hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe reduces first and then increases; (3) The pressure-recovery factor under circulation increases first and then reduces with the flow increases, but under none circulation the pressure-recovery factor reduces gradually; (4) The hydraulic loss of the outlet pipe has the relation with the divergence angle of the outlet pipe, through the numerical simulation we can find the most superior angle which can make the smallest hydraulic loss; (5) The hydraulic loss in the maximum efficiency point isn’t the smallest, whose flow is larger than that in the maximum efficiency point; (6) Due to the existence of the circulation, both sides’flow of the division pier of outlet pipe is different.
This article has been funded by the the national“Eleventh Five-Year”science and technology project—the key technology research of the large pumping station reconstruction in the irrigation districts.
引文
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[3]刘超,周济人,汤方平.低扬程双向流道泵装置研究[J].农业机械学报.2001.32 (1):49～51
[4] Akira Goto,Motohiko Nohmi. Hydrodynamic design system for pump s based on 32D CAD, CFD, and inverse design method[J]. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering.2002.124: 329～335
[5] Felix A. Muggli, Peter Holbein, et al. CFD calculation of a mixed flow pump characteristic from shutoff to maximum Flow[J]. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering.2002. 124: 798～802
[6] Skotaka.A.CFD computation of hydraulic loss for blub turbline.Foreign ElectricMachine.2000. (2) : 65～68
[7]成立,刘超,周济人,汤方平.基于RNG湍流模型的双向泵站出水流道流动计算[J].水科学进展.2004.1
[8]成立,刘超,周济人,汤方平.基于重整化群湍流模型的双向轴流泵出水结构研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报.2005.12(4)
[9]成立,刘超,汤方平.大型立式泵站双向进水流道三维紊流数值模拟[J].农业机械学报.2004 (3) :61～64
[10]成立,刘超,汤方平.大型立式泵站簸箕型进水流道三维紊流数值模拟[J].水力发电学报.2004.23 (4) :65～68
[11]成立,刘超,周济人,汤方平.灌排双向泵装置出水室数值模拟研究.灌溉排水.2002.6(2)
[12]朱红耕.大型泵站虹吸式出水流道水力特性分析[J].中国给水排水.2006.3(6):54～57
[13]朱红耕,袁寿其,刘厚林,袁建平[J].大型泵站虹吸式出水流道三维紊流数值计算.扬州大学报.2005(5)
[14]朱红耕.双泵共用进水池三维紊流数值模拟和试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报.2004(2)
[15]陆林广,刘丽军,刘军.泵站出水流道基本流态分析[J].水利学报.2000(3):69～76
[16]张蓉生.关于轴流泵出口环量的最优分布[J].四川工业学院学报.1994(1):60～65
[17]何钟宁,陈松山,周正富,潘光星,严登丰.泵站箱涵式出水流道三维湍流数值模拟[J].扬州大学学报.2007 (3)
[18]仇宝云,冯晓莉等.大型泵站双孔出水流道偏流分析[J] .水力发电学报.2005(6)
[19]仇宝云,黄季艳.立式轴流泵出水流道流场试验研究[J].机械工程学报.2005(11)
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[21]陆林广,吴开平,冷豫,祝婕.泵站出水流道模型水力损失的测试[J].排灌机械.23(5)
[22]伍杰,秦钟建,陆林广,吴开平,冷豫,陈阿萍.低扬程泵站直管式出水流道优化设计计算及模型试验研究[J].南水北调与水利科技.2005.12(6)
[23]陈松山,何钟宁,周正富,潘光星,严登丰.泵站出水流道标准化设计与模型水力损失试验[J].水泵技术.2007(2)
[24]崔学明.水轮机转轮内三维湍流流场分析及计算模型比较[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学.2002
[25] M. Piller, E. Nobile, J. Thomas. DNS study of turbulent transport at low Prandtl numbers in a channel flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics.2002(458): 419-441
[26] J. G. Wissink. DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a turbine cascade with incoming wakes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow.2003.24(4): 626-635.
[27] V. Michelassi, J.G. Wisssink, W. Rodi. Direct numerical simulation, large eddy simulation and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of periodicunsteady flow in a low-pressure turbine cascade:A comparison. Journal of Power and Energy.2003.217(4):403～412
[28] V. Stephane. Local mesh refinement and penalty methods dedicated to the Direct Numerical Simulation of incompressible multiphase flows. Proceedings of the ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Enginering Conference, 2003:1299～1305
[29]王福军.计算流体力学分析——CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004
[30] S. Dahlstrom. Large Eddy Simulation of the flow around a high-lift airfoil. Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola.2003(1963):1～50
[31] B.Koobus, C. Farhat. A variational multiscale method for the large eddy simulation of compressible turbulent flows on unstructured meshes-application to vortex shedding. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.2004. 193(15-16): 1367～1383
[32]崔桂香,许春晓,张兆顺.湍流大涡数值模拟进展[J].空气动力学学报.2004.22(2):121～129
[33] P.Rollet-Miet, D.Laurence, J.Ferziger.LES and RANS of turbulent flow in tube bundles. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow.1999. 20(3):241～254
[34] N.G. Wright, G.J. Easom. Non-liner k-ε turbulence model results for flow over a building at full-scale. Applied Mathematical Modelling.2003.27(12):1013～1033
[35]刘为民.泵站进水流道对水泵性能影响的数值模拟研究[D].扬州大学.2005
[36]吴持恭.水力学[M].北京.高等教育出版社
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