聚合物分层注入压力调节机理及调节装置研究
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摘要
大庆油田主力油层聚合物驱结束后,驱替对象转向层间矛盾大、层段多的二、三类油层。现场试验表明:受油层非均质性和井网完善程度的影响,注聚过程中存在注入剖面不均匀,聚合物溶液沿高渗透层突进,低渗透层吸入状况差,动用程度低等问题。
从聚合物驱注入过程中连续测得的同位素资料、中子寿命测井资料、以及密闭取心井资料表明:渗透率高、油层发育较好的厚油层动用程度高;而渗透率低、发育较差的薄差油层动用程度较低。为了进一步改善层间矛盾,提高渗透率低油层动用程度,结合大庆油田地面注聚系统的实际情况,需要研制聚驱分层注入压力调节装置,实现聚合物多层分注工艺,以满足二、三类油层分注的需求,提高大庆油田聚合物驱整体开发效果。
本文根据大庆油田的油层物性参数,制作了长方体的均质岩心。对1600万分子量的聚合物及其剪切后分子量分别是600万、800万分子量的聚合物溶液进行岩心驱油实验,实验结果表明,剪切后的聚合物溶液其粘弹性比未经剪切的聚合物溶液变差;未经剪切聚合物溶液的聚驱采出程度大于剪切后的聚合物溶液的聚驱采出程度。因此,确定了聚合物分层注入压力调节装置的基本设计要求是低剪切降解,保证聚合物注入驱替效果。
本文通过设计聚合物压力调节元件,以及室内实验得出聚合物压力调节元件的基本水力学特性,建立了起聚合物溶液在压力调节元件内流动的视粘度损失?η、流量Q、压降?P和流量Q的数学关联理论公式和关系曲线,对聚合物压力调节元件的几何尺寸进行优化设计。根据压力调节元件的结构,研制的聚合物压力调节器随管柱下入井下,通过更换堵塞器,可调整节流压差、控制分层注入量,实现了聚合物分层注入,进一步提高了聚合物开发效果,在油田目前和后续开发中,具有广阔的应用前景。
After the main pays were flooded by polymer in the Daqing Oilfield, the non-pay zones became the major developing targets. The filed tests showed that the injection profile was uneven; polymer solution advanced along the high permeable layers and low permeable layers couldn’t fully developed during the course of polymer injection due to the reservoir’s non-heterogeneity and well pattern.
Testing and logging data including isotope, neutron longevity, and sealed coring well showed that thick, high permeable layers were fully developed; while thin, low permeable laminated layers were poorly developed. In order to ease the contradiction among levels and layers and improve the developing effect to the low permeable layers, separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments are urgently researched to meet the demands of polymer injection aiming to non-pay zones and to improve the overall developing effects to the whole Daqing Oilfield.
Cuboid homogenous core was made according to the Daqing Oilfield reservoirs’physical properties in this paper.16 million molecular weight polymers were sheared to 6 million and 8 million polymers. In addition, they were individually undergone by polymer flooding tests. The testing results are: The shearing polymer solution’s viscoelasticity is worse compared with non-shearing one; and non-shearing polymer’s recovery effect is higher than the shearing one. As a result, separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments need to be designed low shearing degradation to guarantee the polymer flooding effect.
In this paper, related formula and curves between visible-viscidity loss ?ηand flux Q, between pressure drop ?P and flux Q were set up to the polymer solution in the equipments’flow and equipments’sizes were optimized by designing separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments and their basic hydraulic properties. Polymer pressure adjusting equipments were run into the wellbore and just changing the blanking plug could regulate choke pressure and control separate injection rate. Separate layer polymer injection highly improves the oilfield’s developing effect and has broad application future in the oilfield at present and in the future.
从聚合物驱注入过程中连续测得的同位素资料、中子寿命测井资料、以及密闭取心井资料表明:渗透率高、油层发育较好的厚油层动用程度高;而渗透率低、发育较差的薄差油层动用程度较低。为了进一步改善层间矛盾,提高渗透率低油层动用程度,结合大庆油田地面注聚系统的实际情况,需要研制聚驱分层注入压力调节装置,实现聚合物多层分注工艺,以满足二、三类油层分注的需求,提高大庆油田聚合物驱整体开发效果。
本文根据大庆油田的油层物性参数,制作了长方体的均质岩心。对1600万分子量的聚合物及其剪切后分子量分别是600万、800万分子量的聚合物溶液进行岩心驱油实验,实验结果表明,剪切后的聚合物溶液其粘弹性比未经剪切的聚合物溶液变差;未经剪切聚合物溶液的聚驱采出程度大于剪切后的聚合物溶液的聚驱采出程度。因此,确定了聚合物分层注入压力调节装置的基本设计要求是低剪切降解,保证聚合物注入驱替效果。
本文通过设计聚合物压力调节元件,以及室内实验得出聚合物压力调节元件的基本水力学特性,建立了起聚合物溶液在压力调节元件内流动的视粘度损失?η、流量Q、压降?P和流量Q的数学关联理论公式和关系曲线,对聚合物压力调节元件的几何尺寸进行优化设计。根据压力调节元件的结构,研制的聚合物压力调节器随管柱下入井下,通过更换堵塞器,可调整节流压差、控制分层注入量,实现了聚合物分层注入,进一步提高了聚合物开发效果,在油田目前和后续开发中,具有广阔的应用前景。
After the main pays were flooded by polymer in the Daqing Oilfield, the non-pay zones became the major developing targets. The filed tests showed that the injection profile was uneven; polymer solution advanced along the high permeable layers and low permeable layers couldn’t fully developed during the course of polymer injection due to the reservoir’s non-heterogeneity and well pattern.
Testing and logging data including isotope, neutron longevity, and sealed coring well showed that thick, high permeable layers were fully developed; while thin, low permeable laminated layers were poorly developed. In order to ease the contradiction among levels and layers and improve the developing effect to the low permeable layers, separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments are urgently researched to meet the demands of polymer injection aiming to non-pay zones and to improve the overall developing effects to the whole Daqing Oilfield.
Cuboid homogenous core was made according to the Daqing Oilfield reservoirs’physical properties in this paper.16 million molecular weight polymers were sheared to 6 million and 8 million polymers. In addition, they were individually undergone by polymer flooding tests. The testing results are: The shearing polymer solution’s viscoelasticity is worse compared with non-shearing one; and non-shearing polymer’s recovery effect is higher than the shearing one. As a result, separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments need to be designed low shearing degradation to guarantee the polymer flooding effect.
In this paper, related formula and curves between visible-viscidity loss ?ηand flux Q, between pressure drop ?P and flux Q were set up to the polymer solution in the equipments’flow and equipments’sizes were optimized by designing separate layer polymer injection’s pressure adjusting equipments and their basic hydraulic properties. Polymer pressure adjusting equipments were run into the wellbore and just changing the blanking plug could regulate choke pressure and control separate injection rate. Separate layer polymer injection highly improves the oilfield’s developing effect and has broad application future in the oilfield at present and in the future.
引文
[1] Wang Demin,Cheng Jiecheng,Yang Qingyan, et al. Viscous-Elastic Polymer Can Increase Microscale Displacement Efficiency in Cores[C].SPE 63227,1～5.
[2] 裴晓含,段宏,崔海清.聚合物驱偏心分质注入技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2006, 25(5):64～65.
[3] 张晓芹,关恒.改善二类油层聚合物驱开发效果的途径[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2005,24(4):81～83 .
[4] 邵振波,周吉生,孙刚,等.部分水解聚丙烯酰胺驱油过程中机械降解研究—分子量、粘度及相关参数的变化[J].油田化学, 2005,22(1):73～76.
[5] WilliamM.Belden.Design and Operations Micellar- Polymer Pilot Project Facilities Bell Creek Field,MONTANA[C].SPE 9043,1～4.
[6] Wu Di, Ai Guangzhi, Chen Yan,et al.Rheology and Stability of IOR Produced Liquid in Daqing Oilfield[C].SPE 57318,1～3.
[7] 谢晓清,刘家恒.聚合物驱地面配注工艺优化研究[J].河南石油,2001, 15(6):41～43.
[8] 蒋莉,马宏伟,单晶.聚合物分注工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2005.9:112～113.
[9] Zhijun Xiao, Schlumberger; Magdy Shahin,et al. Laboratory Investigation and Field Use of a Novel Sand Cleanout Fluid System for High Temperature Applications[C]. SPE 84887,1～3.
[10] 杨子强,谢朝阳,梁福民.聚合物驱多层分注技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2001,20(2):84.
[11] Jeffrey C.Dawson, David D.Cramer, Hoang V. Le.Reduced Polymer Based Fracturing Fluid:Is Less Really More[C].SPE 90851,1～5.
[12] 庄清泉,宗大庆,张淑敏.聚合物驱简化分注工艺技术[J].油气田地面工程,1999, 18(6):11～12.
[13] 李戈圃,唐锡元,娄兆彬.交联聚合物微观驱油机理研究[J].西部探矿工程, 2005, 17(10):67～68.
[14] 夏惠芬,王德民,刘中春.粘弹性聚合物溶液提高微观驱油效率的机理研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):60～63.
[15] R.G Rylos, Arnerlcan Cyanamid.Elevated Temperature Testing of Mobility Control Reagents[C].SPE 12008,2～4.
[16] J. M. Maerker.Shear Degradation of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Solutions[C].SPE 5101,311～317.
[17] W. T. Osterloh, E. J. Law.Polymer Transport and Theological Properties for Polymer Flooding in the North Sea Captain Field[C].SPE 39694,385～368.
[18] Saul Vela,D.W.Peaceman,E.L.Sandvik.Evaluation of Polymer Flooding in a Layered Reservoir With Crossflow, Retention, and Degradation[C].SPE 5102,82～87.
[19] Wang Demin, Cheng Jiecheng, Xia Huifen,et al.Viscous-Elastic Fluids Can Mobilize Oil Remaining after Water-Flood by Force Parallel to the Oil-Water Interface[C].SPE 72123,1～4.
[20] 张星,李兆敏,孙仁远.聚合物流变性实验研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):197～199.
[21] K. M. Jacksonand, C. W. Morris.Mechimical Degradation of Polyacrylamide Solutions in Porous Media[C].SPE 6979,2～8.
[22] 张继芬,赵明国,刘忠春.提高石油采收率基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,45～46.
[23] 倪玲英,张健.低剪切流量控制阀的发展状况[J].阀门,2001,No6:32～33.
[24] 王锐,康俊华.降低剪切率提高注入站注入质量[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(8):9～10.
[25] 倪玲英,李效姝.低剪切流量控制阀的设计问题[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(7):43～44.
[26] 单晶,马宏伟,袁云.聚合物驱井下单管多层分注工艺[J].石油钻采工艺2005,27(3): P35.
[27] 杨子强,谢朝阳,梁福民,等.聚合物驱多层分注技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):P83.
[28] 李振纲,周长云,张国荣,等.分层注聚工艺技术试验及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报, 2003, 25(增刊):P124.
[29] Zhongyang Zhao, Mingyue Cui.plwety of The Rheology of Chinese XD and ZW Borate Crosslinked Fracturing Fluids andTheir ProppantTransport Capability[C] . SPE 29991,401～405.
[30] 马宏伟,单晶,申秀丽.聚合物低剪切井下配注器的研制及应用[J].石油机械,2005, 33(8):33～34.
[31] 韩振国,胡胜国,潘国华.聚合物单管多层滑套开关配注器研制[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(6):66～68.
[32] 陈晓红,段宏.聚合物单管多层分注技术原理及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004, 23(4):53～54
[33] 陈会军,武力强,张军,等.聚合物溶液流经不同孔径水嘴前后的粘度损失[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3):23～24.
[34] Filtrates John,W.Powell,Mike P.Stephens, et al.Minimization of Formation Damage, Filter Cake Deposition, & Stuck Pipe Potential In Horizontal Wells Through The Use of Time-Independent ViscoelasticYield Stress Fluids[C].ADC/SPE29408,1～5.
[35] 崔海清,韩洪升.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,111～113.
[36] 刘华鎣,吴雅娟.计算方法[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001.78～82.
[37] 孙振东. 因次分析原理[M]. 北京:人民铁道出版社,1979,178～184.
[38] 韩振国,胡胜国,潘国华.聚合物单管多层滑套开关配注器研制[J].大庆石油地质与开发[J], 2005,24(6):66～68.
[39] 刘青松,朱一斌,谢金莉,等.防返吐偏心配水管柱的研制与应用[J].河南石油, 2005,19(1):67～68.
[40] 蒋汉青,赵子刚,胡靖邦.采油工艺实践[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993,1～4.
[41] 沈君芳.3ZP 型注聚合物泵[J].石油机械,2001,29(6):30～31.
[2] 裴晓含,段宏,崔海清.聚合物驱偏心分质注入技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2006, 25(5):64～65.
[3] 张晓芹,关恒.改善二类油层聚合物驱开发效果的途径[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2005,24(4):81～83 .
[4] 邵振波,周吉生,孙刚,等.部分水解聚丙烯酰胺驱油过程中机械降解研究—分子量、粘度及相关参数的变化[J].油田化学, 2005,22(1):73～76.
[5] WilliamM.Belden.Design and Operations Micellar- Polymer Pilot Project Facilities Bell Creek Field,MONTANA[C].SPE 9043,1～4.
[6] Wu Di, Ai Guangzhi, Chen Yan,et al.Rheology and Stability of IOR Produced Liquid in Daqing Oilfield[C].SPE 57318,1～3.
[7] 谢晓清,刘家恒.聚合物驱地面配注工艺优化研究[J].河南石油,2001, 15(6):41～43.
[8] 蒋莉,马宏伟,单晶.聚合物分注工艺技术[J].钻采工艺,2005.9:112～113.
[9] Zhijun Xiao, Schlumberger; Magdy Shahin,et al. Laboratory Investigation and Field Use of a Novel Sand Cleanout Fluid System for High Temperature Applications[C]. SPE 84887,1～3.
[10] 杨子强,谢朝阳,梁福民.聚合物驱多层分注技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2001,20(2):84.
[11] Jeffrey C.Dawson, David D.Cramer, Hoang V. Le.Reduced Polymer Based Fracturing Fluid:Is Less Really More[C].SPE 90851,1～5.
[12] 庄清泉,宗大庆,张淑敏.聚合物驱简化分注工艺技术[J].油气田地面工程,1999, 18(6):11～12.
[13] 李戈圃,唐锡元,娄兆彬.交联聚合物微观驱油机理研究[J].西部探矿工程, 2005, 17(10):67～68.
[14] 夏惠芬,王德民,刘中春.粘弹性聚合物溶液提高微观驱油效率的机理研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(4):60～63.
[15] R.G Rylos, Arnerlcan Cyanamid.Elevated Temperature Testing of Mobility Control Reagents[C].SPE 12008,2～4.
[16] J. M. Maerker.Shear Degradation of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Solutions[C].SPE 5101,311～317.
[17] W. T. Osterloh, E. J. Law.Polymer Transport and Theological Properties for Polymer Flooding in the North Sea Captain Field[C].SPE 39694,385～368.
[18] Saul Vela,D.W.Peaceman,E.L.Sandvik.Evaluation of Polymer Flooding in a Layered Reservoir With Crossflow, Retention, and Degradation[C].SPE 5102,82～87.
[19] Wang Demin, Cheng Jiecheng, Xia Huifen,et al.Viscous-Elastic Fluids Can Mobilize Oil Remaining after Water-Flood by Force Parallel to the Oil-Water Interface[C].SPE 72123,1～4.
[20] 张星,李兆敏,孙仁远.聚合物流变性实验研究[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):197～199.
[21] K. M. Jacksonand, C. W. Morris.Mechimical Degradation of Polyacrylamide Solutions in Porous Media[C].SPE 6979,2～8.
[22] 张继芬,赵明国,刘忠春.提高石油采收率基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,45～46.
[23] 倪玲英,张健.低剪切流量控制阀的发展状况[J].阀门,2001,No6:32～33.
[24] 王锐,康俊华.降低剪切率提高注入站注入质量[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(8):9～10.
[25] 倪玲英,李效姝.低剪切流量控制阀的设计问题[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(7):43～44.
[26] 单晶,马宏伟,袁云.聚合物驱井下单管多层分注工艺[J].石油钻采工艺2005,27(3): P35.
[27] 杨子强,谢朝阳,梁福民,等.聚合物驱多层分注技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):P83.
[28] 李振纲,周长云,张国荣,等.分层注聚工艺技术试验及应用[J].江汉石油学院学报, 2003, 25(增刊):P124.
[29] Zhongyang Zhao, Mingyue Cui.plwety of The Rheology of Chinese XD and ZW Borate Crosslinked Fracturing Fluids andTheir ProppantTransport Capability[C] . SPE 29991,401～405.
[30] 马宏伟,单晶,申秀丽.聚合物低剪切井下配注器的研制及应用[J].石油机械,2005, 33(8):33～34.
[31] 韩振国,胡胜国,潘国华.聚合物单管多层滑套开关配注器研制[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(6):66～68.
[32] 陈晓红,段宏.聚合物单管多层分注技术原理及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004, 23(4):53～54
[33] 陈会军,武力强,张军,等.聚合物溶液流经不同孔径水嘴前后的粘度损失[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3):23～24.
[34] Filtrates John,W.Powell,Mike P.Stephens, et al.Minimization of Formation Damage, Filter Cake Deposition, & Stuck Pipe Potential In Horizontal Wells Through The Use of Time-Independent ViscoelasticYield Stress Fluids[C].ADC/SPE29408,1～5.
[35] 崔海清,韩洪升.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,111～113.
[36] 刘华鎣,吴雅娟.计算方法[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001.78～82.
[37] 孙振东. 因次分析原理[M]. 北京:人民铁道出版社,1979,178～184.
[38] 韩振国,胡胜国,潘国华.聚合物单管多层滑套开关配注器研制[J].大庆石油地质与开发[J], 2005,24(6):66～68.
[39] 刘青松,朱一斌,谢金莉,等.防返吐偏心配水管柱的研制与应用[J].河南石油, 2005,19(1):67～68.
[40] 蒋汉青,赵子刚,胡靖邦.采油工艺实践[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993,1～4.
[41] 沈君芳.3ZP 型注聚合物泵[J].石油机械,2001,29(6):30～31.