钱塘江杭州段多氯联苯的污染特征、累积风险及来源初探
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摘要
钱塘江水系是浙江省最大的水系,杭州市地表水年供水量的85%来自于钱塘江,可以说钱塘江是浙江省杭州市的重要命脉。本研究尝试从水体、沉积物、水生生物的角度来全面了解多氯联苯在钱塘江水体中的污染水平、评价多氯联苯对生态的风险,同时结合沿岸土壤、大气PCBs污染水平和水体PCBs同系物分布特征初步探讨多氯联苯污染的来源,以期对钱塘江水环境安全和水资源利用提供技术支撑。
研究表明,钱塘江沉积物PCBs浓度范围为1.98-85.88ng/g,两次采样平均为18.59ng/g。水中PCBs浓度范围在1.12-109.8ng/L,两次采样平均为27.55ng/L。鱼类中36种PCBs浓度平均为20.09ng/g ww。与国内外同类研究比较,钱塘江沉积物、水体处于较低的污染水平。
通过生物浓缩系数BCF、生物有效性、毒性当量TEQ、危害商数HQ以及人体食用鱼类的风险角度来对钱塘江鱼类中PCBs的累积风险进行评价,认为鱼类累积风险还是存在的,采用美国环保局的一套以风险为基础的评价致癌可能性的复合暴露效应的方法评价鱼类食用对人体的健康风险,只有鲈鱼超过16次,基本无健康风险,但其他物种则建议每月食用不要超过16次。
通过实地调查结合沉积物和水样中PCBs同系物组成,初步判断大气PCBs以及局部区域污水排放是造成钱塘江杭州段多氯联苯污染的主要原因。
Qiantang river is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, about 85% of drinking water of Hangzhou City is from Qiantang river, it can be said that Qiantang river is the important lifeline to Hangzhou.
We were determined to study the pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation risks of PCBs in Qiantang River from the standpoint of water,sediments and aquatic organisms.We also attempted to track the sources of PCBs in Qiantang River by comparison of data of soils,atomsophere and water in order to support the enviromental management of Qiantang River.
We found in Qiantang river the PCBs concentration in sediments(2008-2010) ranged from 1.98 to 85.88 ng/g dw with its average concentration of 18.59ng/g dw; In the water body,PCBs concentrations varied from1.12 ng/L to 109.8 ng/L with the average 27.55ng/L. The average concentration of PCBs in aquatic organisms was 20.09ng/g ww.By comparison of the similar studies home and abroad, the sediments and waterbody were in lower pollution levels.
By indexes such as BCF, toxic equivalent quantity, hazard quotient(HQ) and the human health risks posed by fishes, the accumlated risks of fish were roughly assessed and there still existed risks.We also used the risk assessment method recommended by U.S.EPA in 2000 to evaluate the risks posed by PCBs-polluted fish food for human health risks and found that weever were safe to eat,but for other species 16 meals per month should not be exceeded.
By means of a lot of reseaches done in situ,as well as by comparing PCBs congeners with typical PCBs products,we reached a preliminary conclusion that PCBs in atomsphere and local effluent discharge were the mean reasons of PCBs pollution in Qiantang River.
研究表明,钱塘江沉积物PCBs浓度范围为1.98-85.88ng/g,两次采样平均为18.59ng/g。水中PCBs浓度范围在1.12-109.8ng/L,两次采样平均为27.55ng/L。鱼类中36种PCBs浓度平均为20.09ng/g ww。与国内外同类研究比较,钱塘江沉积物、水体处于较低的污染水平。
通过生物浓缩系数BCF、生物有效性、毒性当量TEQ、危害商数HQ以及人体食用鱼类的风险角度来对钱塘江鱼类中PCBs的累积风险进行评价,认为鱼类累积风险还是存在的,采用美国环保局的一套以风险为基础的评价致癌可能性的复合暴露效应的方法评价鱼类食用对人体的健康风险,只有鲈鱼超过16次,基本无健康风险,但其他物种则建议每月食用不要超过16次。
通过实地调查结合沉积物和水样中PCBs同系物组成,初步判断大气PCBs以及局部区域污水排放是造成钱塘江杭州段多氯联苯污染的主要原因。
Qiantang river is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, about 85% of drinking water of Hangzhou City is from Qiantang river, it can be said that Qiantang river is the important lifeline to Hangzhou.
We were determined to study the pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation risks of PCBs in Qiantang River from the standpoint of water,sediments and aquatic organisms.We also attempted to track the sources of PCBs in Qiantang River by comparison of data of soils,atomsophere and water in order to support the enviromental management of Qiantang River.
We found in Qiantang river the PCBs concentration in sediments(2008-2010) ranged from 1.98 to 85.88 ng/g dw with its average concentration of 18.59ng/g dw; In the water body,PCBs concentrations varied from1.12 ng/L to 109.8 ng/L with the average 27.55ng/L. The average concentration of PCBs in aquatic organisms was 20.09ng/g ww.By comparison of the similar studies home and abroad, the sediments and waterbody were in lower pollution levels.
By indexes such as BCF, toxic equivalent quantity, hazard quotient(HQ) and the human health risks posed by fishes, the accumlated risks of fish were roughly assessed and there still existed risks.We also used the risk assessment method recommended by U.S.EPA in 2000 to evaluate the risks posed by PCBs-polluted fish food for human health risks and found that weever were safe to eat,but for other species 16 meals per month should not be exceeded.
By means of a lot of reseaches done in situ,as well as by comparing PCBs congeners with typical PCBs products,we reached a preliminary conclusion that PCBs in atomsphere and local effluent discharge were the mean reasons of PCBs pollution in Qiantang River.
引文
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