基于反求工程原理求解旋转式分插机构的研究
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摘要
我国研究部门和厂家在应用国外先进的插秧机构方面,只是单纯的测绘和仿制,由于旋转式插秧机构是采用非圆齿轮系传动,它的瞬时传动比影响到插秧机构秧针的运动轨迹,所以,采用一般的机械测量方法很难使得测绘出来的插秧机构非圆齿轮参数满足插秧轨迹的农艺要求;另外,单纯的测绘没有办法对测绘出来的非圆齿轮系结构参数进行优化。为此,本文提出了“基于反求工程原理求解非圆齿轮系旋转式插秧机构的方法”。该方法是通过测绘旋转式分插机构中非圆齿轮的齿顶圆数据,使用MATLAB软件提供的内插法函数将测绘得到的齿顶圆离散点拟合成一条光滑曲线作为齿顶圆,再根据齿顶圆与节曲线的函数关系确定被测非圆齿轮的节曲线数据,应用MATLAB软件中曲线拟合工具箱对节曲线数据进行平滑处理,剔除奇异点,建立节曲线的函数表达式,利用黄金分割法优化齿轮的中心距。同时,研究出人机交互图形软件对设计的非圆齿轮行星轮系分插机构的秧针运动轨迹进行动态仿真,模拟实际插秧过程,检查基于测绘和设计得到的非圆齿轮的节曲线形状和分插机构是否满足插秧的农艺和机构运动不干涉的要求,并提出了适合旋转式分插机构的傅立叶和圆与椭圆两种较优的非圆齿轮节曲线,设计了傅立叶和Z形傅立叶、圆与椭圆节曲线三种非圆齿轮系分插机构,并进行了运动学分析和结构参数优化。
利用MATLAB动态直观的显示计算结果功能,开发了非圆齿轮齿廓的设计软件,可根据非圆齿轮的节曲线分析模块检查非圆齿轮是否根切或有设计缺陷,分析非圆齿轮节曲线的曲率变化并自动计算齿廓。
对圆与椭圆节曲线非圆齿轮系分插机构进行了样机制造,田间试验证明,本文提出的研究方法正确,满足机械插秧的设计要求。
China’s enterprises and research departments study on the advanced transplanting mechanism by simple mapping and copy.The rotary transplanting mechanism by non-circular gears transmission.Drive ratio affect the trajectory of seeding needle.So simple mapping can not meet the transplant rice seeding requirements and can not optimization to non-circular gears parameters.In order to solve this problem,author proposed based on reverse engineering principles study on non-circular gears rotary transplanting mechamism.Though map non-circular addendum circle data, the date is fitted a smooth curve by interplation in MATLAB softward.According to relation of addendum circle and pitch curve get the non- circular pitch curve data.Then smooth the pitch curve data by curve fitting tool in MATLAB softward,remove the error of point,establish the curve’s function expression.Optimization the gear center distance by golden section method.Even more,design a softward on simulation the trajectory of seeding needle in non-circular gears transplantion mechanism.Test though mapping and designed the non-circular pitch curve and transplanting mechanism whether meet transplanting rice requirement.At the same time,meet no interference requirement.This article proposed fourier function curve and round-oval curve,designed fourier curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism,Z type fourier curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism and round-oval curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism.The three agencies meet transplanting requirement.Kinematics analysis and optimization parameters to the agencies.
In order to sovle the gear manufacture problem,desiged the non-circular gear shape softward on round-oval pitch curve.According to this softward analysis whether the non-circular have undercutting and other defect.Though this softward can auto-generat CAD map.
Manufacture the round-oval pinch curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism and made the transplant rice test.The agency have a good effect on transplant rice.So test this method is correctly.
利用MATLAB动态直观的显示计算结果功能,开发了非圆齿轮齿廓的设计软件,可根据非圆齿轮的节曲线分析模块检查非圆齿轮是否根切或有设计缺陷,分析非圆齿轮节曲线的曲率变化并自动计算齿廓。
对圆与椭圆节曲线非圆齿轮系分插机构进行了样机制造,田间试验证明,本文提出的研究方法正确,满足机械插秧的设计要求。
China’s enterprises and research departments study on the advanced transplanting mechanism by simple mapping and copy.The rotary transplanting mechanism by non-circular gears transmission.Drive ratio affect the trajectory of seeding needle.So simple mapping can not meet the transplant rice seeding requirements and can not optimization to non-circular gears parameters.In order to solve this problem,author proposed based on reverse engineering principles study on non-circular gears rotary transplanting mechamism.Though map non-circular addendum circle data, the date is fitted a smooth curve by interplation in MATLAB softward.According to relation of addendum circle and pitch curve get the non- circular pitch curve data.Then smooth the pitch curve data by curve fitting tool in MATLAB softward,remove the error of point,establish the curve’s function expression.Optimization the gear center distance by golden section method.Even more,design a softward on simulation the trajectory of seeding needle in non-circular gears transplantion mechanism.Test though mapping and designed the non-circular pitch curve and transplanting mechanism whether meet transplanting rice requirement.At the same time,meet no interference requirement.This article proposed fourier function curve and round-oval curve,designed fourier curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism,Z type fourier curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism and round-oval curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism.The three agencies meet transplanting requirement.Kinematics analysis and optimization parameters to the agencies.
In order to sovle the gear manufacture problem,desiged the non-circular gear shape softward on round-oval pitch curve.According to this softward analysis whether the non-circular have undercutting and other defect.Though this softward can auto-generat CAD map.
Manufacture the round-oval pinch curve non-circular gears transplanting mechanism and made the transplant rice test.The agency have a good effect on transplant rice.So test this method is correctly.
引文
[1]赵匀,蒋焕煜等.双季稻高速插秧机偏心链轮分插机构结构设计和参数优化.机械工程学报,2000 (3):37~ 40.
[2] L.S Guo, W.J. Zhang.Kinematic analysis of a rice transplanting mechanism with eccentric planetary gear trains[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2001,36(11):1175~1188.
[3]赵凤芹.正齿行星轮分插机构计算机辅助分析和设计[D].沈阳农业大学博士论文.2002.6.
[4]尹建军.水稻插秧机差速分插机构的计算辅助分析与设计[D].浙江大学硕士论文.1999.6.
[5]李革.高速水稻插秧机关键技术研究[D].杭州.浙江大学.2006.
[6]陈建能,赵匀,李革等.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构动力学特性的试验[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(1):40~46.
[7]陈建能,赵匀.高速插秧机椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构的参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(5):48~51.
[8]唐德威,邓宗全,于红英等.非圆齿轮的测绘设计方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报2005,37(5):581~583.
[9]吴序堂,王贵海.非圆齿轮及非匀速比传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社1997.
[10]赵匀.农业机械分析与综合[M]北京:机械工业出版社2008 :317~318.
[11]李福生.非圆齿轮[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1975.
[12] Houpert L . New results of Traction Force Calculations in Elastohydrodynamics Contacts.Journal of Tribology[J] .Transactions of the ASME, 1985, 107.
[13]熊镇芹,吴序堂,毛世民等.非圆齿轮插齿加工中的退刀干涉机理及规避方法研究[J] .机械工程学报,2002,33(4):152—155.
[14]陶希海.粉末冶金齿轮成型阴模设计[J].模具工业,2007,33(10):61~64.
[15]田玉清,毛凤丽.线切割加工非圆齿轮齿廓坐标值的计算[J].黑龙江石油化工,2001,12(1):38~40,46.
[16]李万祥.优化设计与MATLAB实现[M] .北京:清华大学出版社2010:61~64.
[17]武传宇,金玉珍,贺磊盈.基于包络特征的非圆齿轮齿廓计算方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008(15),1796~1799.
[18]杜立彬,石勇,郭旭伟.精通UG NX4.0[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[19]李革,赵匀,俞高红.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构的机理分析和计算机优化[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):78~81.
[20]李革,陈孝明,俞高红等.基于VB的旋转式分插机构运动干涉判别方法[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(11):44~47.
[21]李革,陈孝明,俞高红等.旋转式分插机构运动干涉因素的研究[J].农机化研究,2007,第5期:58~60.
[22]蒋焕煜,赵匀.双控制分插机构的运动特性和优化分析[J] .农业工程学报.2001(2):88~91.
[23]应义斌,赵匀.偏心齿轮行星系水稻分插机构的分析研究[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):130~134.
[24]赵匀,俞高红,李革.旋转式水稻分插机构的结构创新、参数优化和试验验证[J].机械设计与研究,2002(8)(增刊)198~200.
[25]武传宇,赵匀.行星轮曲柄摇杆分插机构的运动特性和优化分析[J].机械设计,2002(11):37~38.
[26] Ying Yibin,Zhao Yun. Research in Dynamic Simulation of Separating~planting Mechanism of Rice Transplanter[J].AMA(Japan),1997(28):15~19.
[27] Jianneng Chen,Yun Zhao,Gaohong Yu.Establishment and verification of Dynamics Model of Seedling~Pushing Device in Transplanting Mechanism with Planetary Elliptic Gears[J].Transaction of CSAE,2003,19(5):71~76.
[28]俞高红,赵凤芹,武传宇等.正齿行星轮分插机构的运动特性分析[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(6):55~57.
[29] YuGaohong,ZhaoFengqin,WuChuanyu,Zhao Yun.Analysis of Kinematic Property of Separating~planting Mechanism with Planetary Gears[J].Transactions of Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2004,35(6):55~57.
[30] ZHAO Yun,CHEN Jianneng,YU Yaxin,Quadratic Optimization Method and Its Application on Optimizing Mechanism Parameter.Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,19(4):519~523 (2006.12).
[31]武传宇,赵匀,陈建能.水稻插秧机分插机构人机交互可视化优化设计[J].农业机械学报2008,39(1):46~49.
[32] WuChuan yu,ZhaoYun,Chenjianneng.Optimizationdesign of transplanting mechanism of rice transplanter based on visualization human~computer interaction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(1):46~49.
[33]小西达也等.高速稻秧机的开发.日本农业机械学会1989,51(6):89~95.
[34]赵凤芹.正齿行星轮分插机构计算机辅助分析与设计[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学工程学院,2002.
[35]武传宇.水稻插秧机偏心链轮分插机构的计算辅助分析与设计[D].浙江大学硕士论文,1999.6.
[36]俞高红.圆柱齿椭圆齿行星系分插机构的动力学建模、动态仿真与复优化方法研究[D].浙江大学博士论文.2006.07.
[37]刘永平,吴序堂,李鹤岐.常见的凸封闭节曲线非圆齿轮副设计[J].农业机械学报, 2007,38(6):143~146.
[38]和丽,许纪倩,周娜等.非圆齿轮行星轮系分插机构运动分析[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(12):74~77.
[39]赵匀.农业机械计算机辅助分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[40] ZhaoYun . computer aided analysis and design of agriculture machinery [M] .Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998.(in Chinese) .
[41] A.S.Khan,W.W.Gunkel.Design and Development of a 6~Row Korean Transplanter [J]. AMA,1988,19(1):27~32.
[42] Bloor M.Sand McKay A.Product and shape Representation for Virtual Prototyping [M].Book of Virtual Prototyping:Virtual environments and the Product design proeess,Chapman and Hall Press,1995.
[43] Yin Z~P,Ding H,Xiong Y~L.A virtual prototyping approach to generation and evaluation of mechanical assembly sequences[J].Engineering Manufacture,2004,218(B):87~102.
[44] A.S.Khan,W.W.Gunkel.Design and Development of a 6~Row Korean Transplan~ ter[J]..AMA,1988,19(1):27~32.
[45] Azhar lqbal Muftik,Abdul Shakoor Khan.Performance Evaluation of Yanmar Paddy Transplanter in Pakistan[J].AMA,1995,26(1):31~36,40.
[46] Azhar lqbal Muftik,Abdul Shakoor Khan.Performance Evaluation of Yanmar PaddyTransplanter in Pakistan[J].AMA,1995,26(1):31~36,40.
[47] Xu Fengying,Tao yue,Chen Zhen.Elastic Dynamic Optimization of Crank~Rocker Style Transplanting Mechanism Based on Improving Motion Precision[J].CSAE,2002,18(5):115~118.
[48] Edathiparambil Vareed Thomas.Development of a mechanism for transplanting rice seedlings[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2002,37(9):395~410.
[49] L.S Guo,W.J.Zhang.Kinematic analysis of a rice transplanting mechanism with eccentric planetary gear trains[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2001,36(11):1175~1188.
[2] L.S Guo, W.J. Zhang.Kinematic analysis of a rice transplanting mechanism with eccentric planetary gear trains[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2001,36(11):1175~1188.
[3]赵凤芹.正齿行星轮分插机构计算机辅助分析和设计[D].沈阳农业大学博士论文.2002.6.
[4]尹建军.水稻插秧机差速分插机构的计算辅助分析与设计[D].浙江大学硕士论文.1999.6.
[5]李革.高速水稻插秧机关键技术研究[D].杭州.浙江大学.2006.
[6]陈建能,赵匀,李革等.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构动力学特性的试验[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(1):40~46.
[7]陈建能,赵匀.高速插秧机椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构的参数优化[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(5):48~51.
[8]唐德威,邓宗全,于红英等.非圆齿轮的测绘设计方法研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报2005,37(5):581~583.
[9]吴序堂,王贵海.非圆齿轮及非匀速比传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社1997.
[10]赵匀.农业机械分析与综合[M]北京:机械工业出版社2008 :317~318.
[11]李福生.非圆齿轮[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1975.
[12] Houpert L . New results of Traction Force Calculations in Elastohydrodynamics Contacts.Journal of Tribology[J] .Transactions of the ASME, 1985, 107.
[13]熊镇芹,吴序堂,毛世民等.非圆齿轮插齿加工中的退刀干涉机理及规避方法研究[J] .机械工程学报,2002,33(4):152—155.
[14]陶希海.粉末冶金齿轮成型阴模设计[J].模具工业,2007,33(10):61~64.
[15]田玉清,毛凤丽.线切割加工非圆齿轮齿廓坐标值的计算[J].黑龙江石油化工,2001,12(1):38~40,46.
[16]李万祥.优化设计与MATLAB实现[M] .北京:清华大学出版社2010:61~64.
[17]武传宇,金玉珍,贺磊盈.基于包络特征的非圆齿轮齿廓计算方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008(15),1796~1799.
[18]杜立彬,石勇,郭旭伟.精通UG NX4.0[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[19]李革,赵匀,俞高红.椭圆齿轮行星系分插机构的机理分析和计算机优化[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(4):78~81.
[20]李革,陈孝明,俞高红等.基于VB的旋转式分插机构运动干涉判别方法[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(11):44~47.
[21]李革,陈孝明,俞高红等.旋转式分插机构运动干涉因素的研究[J].农机化研究,2007,第5期:58~60.
[22]蒋焕煜,赵匀.双控制分插机构的运动特性和优化分析[J] .农业工程学报.2001(2):88~91.
[23]应义斌,赵匀.偏心齿轮行星系水稻分插机构的分析研究[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):130~134.
[24]赵匀,俞高红,李革.旋转式水稻分插机构的结构创新、参数优化和试验验证[J].机械设计与研究,2002(8)(增刊)198~200.
[25]武传宇,赵匀.行星轮曲柄摇杆分插机构的运动特性和优化分析[J].机械设计,2002(11):37~38.
[26] Ying Yibin,Zhao Yun. Research in Dynamic Simulation of Separating~planting Mechanism of Rice Transplanter[J].AMA(Japan),1997(28):15~19.
[27] Jianneng Chen,Yun Zhao,Gaohong Yu.Establishment and verification of Dynamics Model of Seedling~Pushing Device in Transplanting Mechanism with Planetary Elliptic Gears[J].Transaction of CSAE,2003,19(5):71~76.
[28]俞高红,赵凤芹,武传宇等.正齿行星轮分插机构的运动特性分析[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(6):55~57.
[29] YuGaohong,ZhaoFengqin,WuChuanyu,Zhao Yun.Analysis of Kinematic Property of Separating~planting Mechanism with Planetary Gears[J].Transactions of Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2004,35(6):55~57.
[30] ZHAO Yun,CHEN Jianneng,YU Yaxin,Quadratic Optimization Method and Its Application on Optimizing Mechanism Parameter.Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,19(4):519~523 (2006.12).
[31]武传宇,赵匀,陈建能.水稻插秧机分插机构人机交互可视化优化设计[J].农业机械学报2008,39(1):46~49.
[32] WuChuan yu,ZhaoYun,Chenjianneng.Optimizationdesign of transplanting mechanism of rice transplanter based on visualization human~computer interaction[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(1):46~49.
[33]小西达也等.高速稻秧机的开发.日本农业机械学会1989,51(6):89~95.
[34]赵凤芹.正齿行星轮分插机构计算机辅助分析与设计[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学工程学院,2002.
[35]武传宇.水稻插秧机偏心链轮分插机构的计算辅助分析与设计[D].浙江大学硕士论文,1999.6.
[36]俞高红.圆柱齿椭圆齿行星系分插机构的动力学建模、动态仿真与复优化方法研究[D].浙江大学博士论文.2006.07.
[37]刘永平,吴序堂,李鹤岐.常见的凸封闭节曲线非圆齿轮副设计[J].农业机械学报, 2007,38(6):143~146.
[38]和丽,许纪倩,周娜等.非圆齿轮行星轮系分插机构运动分析[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(12):74~77.
[39]赵匀.农业机械计算机辅助分析与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[40] ZhaoYun . computer aided analysis and design of agriculture machinery [M] .Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1998.(in Chinese) .
[41] A.S.Khan,W.W.Gunkel.Design and Development of a 6~Row Korean Transplanter [J]. AMA,1988,19(1):27~32.
[42] Bloor M.Sand McKay A.Product and shape Representation for Virtual Prototyping [M].Book of Virtual Prototyping:Virtual environments and the Product design proeess,Chapman and Hall Press,1995.
[43] Yin Z~P,Ding H,Xiong Y~L.A virtual prototyping approach to generation and evaluation of mechanical assembly sequences[J].Engineering Manufacture,2004,218(B):87~102.
[44] A.S.Khan,W.W.Gunkel.Design and Development of a 6~Row Korean Transplan~ ter[J]..AMA,1988,19(1):27~32.
[45] Azhar lqbal Muftik,Abdul Shakoor Khan.Performance Evaluation of Yanmar Paddy Transplanter in Pakistan[J].AMA,1995,26(1):31~36,40.
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