分级竹帘人造板的力学性能研究
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摘要
我国的竹篾(竹帘)人造板加工企业多将性质变异较大的竹篾混合利用，但是这往往难以做到材料的高效利用。本研究的主要目的是通过竹篾分级、不同等级竹帘层压板的力学性质研究和分级竹帘人造板抗弯弹性模量的模拟预测研究，初步获得竹篾的分级方法、分级竹帘层压板的重要力学性质、抗弯用竹帘人造板板坯结构设计的模拟方法，为竹篾的分级利用建立基础。为实现该目的，本文选择我国蓄积量最大的毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)为试验材料，主要做了以下三项工作：不同部位竹材物理力学性质测试分析以及竹篾分级方法的制定；分级竹帘层压板的部分重要力学性质研究；分级竹帘人造板(竹帘层压板和竹帘胶合板)的抗弯弹性模量的模拟预测及其验证。
首先将毛竹轴向分段、径向分层取样系统测试了不同部位毛竹的基本性质(包括基本密度、气干密度、弦向干缩率、顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度等)，主要结果有：不同部位毛竹的基本密度的平均值在0.487-0.904g／cm~3之间，气干密度的平均值在0.637-1.142g／cm~3之间；不同部位毛竹的弦向气干干缩率的平均值在2.00-4.97％之间，弦向全干干缩率的平均值在4.82-8.60％之间。不同部位毛竹的顺纹抗拉弹性模量的平均值在8.49-32.49GPa之间，顺纹抗拉强度平均值在112.89-331.49MPa之间。毛竹的气干密度、基本密度、弦向干缩率、顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度从竹青向竹黄方向变异很大，呈逐渐降低的趋势。
在不同部位竹材性质测试的基础上，分析了竹材、木材物理力学性质的差异，建立了毛竹的物理力学性质与密度之间关系的拟合方程，并针对将竹壁分成6层等厚竹篾工艺生产的竹篾，根据竹材的抗拉弹性模量分别制定了分4级、3级和2级等3种力学分级方法。
借鉴竹帘胶合板的成熟生产工艺，在实验室里制成了不同等级的竹帘层压板，分别研究了其抗弯和抗压等力学性质，结果表明等级间的力学性质差异很大：最高等级层压板的抗弯弹性模量的平均值20.786GPa，是最低等级6.931 GPa的3倍；最高等级层压板的抗弯强度的平均值205.264MPa是最低等级98.443 MPa的2倍；最高等级层压板的抗弯比例极限的平均值127.09MPa，是最低等级59.70 MPa的2倍；最高等级层压板的抗压强度的平均值94.425MPa，是最低等级52.124 MPa的2倍。由于不同等级竹帘层压板的力学性质差异大，因此竹篾分级有利于适材适用，具有很大的必要性。
摘要
老化处理后IVZ级竹帘层压板的厚度平均值增加比率最低(4%)，I级
和111级竹帘层压板的厚度增加率较高，分别为11%和12%。利用老化处理
前的初始厚度计算力学性质，I级、m级、VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保
留率分别为107%、72%和63%(都在50%以上);抗弯弹性模量的保留率
都在100%以上。利用老化处理后的实际尺寸计算力学性质，I级、111级、
VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率分别为88%、53%和58%;I级、IIJ
级、巩2级竹帘层压板的抗弯弹性模量保留率分别为82%、69%和90%;
工级、IJl级、讥2级竹帘层压板的顺纹抗压强度保留率都很高，分别为84
%、82%和80%。从以上的数据比较可以看出:竹蔑分级之后，带有少量
竹青的工级竹蔑和带有少量竹黄的VIZ级竹蔑各自压成的竹帘层压板并未比
111级竹帘层压板的耐老化性能差。相反，I级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率
在3种层压板中是最高的，抗弯弹性模量的保留率在111级和竹2级之间;
VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率与111级竹帘层压板的相当，而弹性模量
的保留率最高，厚度变化率最小。
在21%破坏荷载的应力水平，通过对H级、且一1级两个等级的低含水率
(MC:5一7%)的竹帘层压板的抗弯蠕变比较研究，初步得出如下结论:用
幂律方程来拟合竹帘层压板的蠕变因子和时间的关系，效果很好，判定系数
RZ都在0.89以上。除了在层压板边缘所取试样(B4)之外，两个等级的竹
帘层压板试样经过相同的蠕变时间之后其蠕变因子差异都很小。而且，两个
等级的竹帘层压板的抗弯蠕变性能都比较好:5个试样的蠕变因子的平均值，
经过60天之后为0.16，估计经过1年之后为住26，估计经过10年之后为
0.49，估计经过50年之后为0.75。即使对于5个试样中蠕变性能最差的B4
而一言，其蠕变变形也很小，经过60天之后其蠕变因子为0.24，经过90天之
后为0.27，估计经过10年之后其蠕变因子为0.79，估计经过 50年之后为
1.27。但是，估计值的准确性尚需进一步验证。
最后，本文将Monte一c盯lo技术、梁的抗弯理论和层积品的截面转换的
简化分析方法结合起来，对一种分级竹帘人造板的抗弯弹性模量进行了模拟
预测，并对其在两种受力情况下(应力与表层纹理方向平行、应力与表层纹
理方向垂直)的抗弯弹性模量的模拟预测结果进行了试验验证，结果表明模
拟预测的抗弯弹性模量的平均值与实测结果差异都很小(误差在5%以下)，
这初步表明利用Monte一carlo技术和层积品的截面转换的简化分析方法结合
起来模拟预测分级竹帘人造板的抗弯弹性模量是可行的。该模拟技术将为新
的竹帘人造板的研制提供一种可供借鉴和参考的板坯结构设计的方法，有利
于节约新的竹帘人造板设计开发的成本和时间，对分级竹帘人造板的发展、
摘要
竹材的?
Though the great variation of the physical and mechanical properties of the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) is known, the bamboo strips are mixed together in manufacturing the bamboo strip composite in many bamboo factories. Mixing method is convenient but hard to accomplish the optimization use of the bamboo material. The major purpose of this research is to accomplish the optimization use of the bamboo material through bamboo strip grading and scientifically designing of the bamboo curtain composite. The following jobs have been done in order to realize this purpose: testing and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo material at different location, and seeking for reasonable bamboo strip (bamboo curtain) grading rules; testing and analyzing some mechanical properties of parallel Moso bamboo curtain laminated panels; simulating the bamboo curtain composite to predict the MOE.The basic properties (including basic and air-dried density, the shrinkage rate, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain) of Moso bamboo at different locations were studied. The results show that the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain declined most rapidly form the outer to the inner part of the bamboo wall, that compared with the softwood the tensile strength of inner and outer part of bamboo is higher, and the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain of inner part is lower. So it is suitable to grade the bamboo strips according to the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain. For the craft of cutting the bamboo wall into 6 strips with the same thickness, the grading system of 4. 3 and 2 grades are established respectively.The parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of different grades were manufactured in the laboratory using the mature production technology of bamboo curtain plywood, and the bending and compression properties have been studied respectively. The results show that the properties of different grades of parallel bamboo curtain panels differ greatly: the MOE of the highest grade laminated panel is about the 3 times that of the minimum grade; the bending
strength, the proportional limit of bending, the compressive strength parallel to grain of the highest grade laminated panel are approximately 2 times those of the minimum grade. The gap in the mechanical properties (especially MOE) of different grades of parallel bamboo curtain laminated panel is big. Therefore, the construction of bamboo strip grading system is necessary and helpful for bamboo utilization properly and efficiently.The accelerated ageing tests of the parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of grade I ,III and IV 2 were carried out in accordance to ASTM D1037-96a. The test results indicated that the ageing resistance of the panel manufactured with the bamboo strips of grade I (with a little bamboo epidermis which wettability is bad) and panels manufactured with the bamboo strips of grade IV2 (with a little bamboo pith which wettability is bad) is not bad.The bending creep factor of the parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of grade II and IV 1 were studied in accordance to ENV1156. The main conclusion is as the following: bamboo panels absorbed and desorbed moisture slowly; there is little difference in creep factor between the two grades of parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels (MC: 5-7%)at a stress level of 21% Fmax. In addition, power law functions can well define the relation between the creep factor and the creep time.Compared with wood as well as some structural composite lumber, the MOE and MOR and compression strength of the high-grade parallel curtain laminated panel is higher; the strength of the low-grade panels is medium but the MOE is lower. How to use the low-grade bamboo strips reasonably is a problem to be solved. If the structure of the bamboo curtain composite was designed scientifically and each grade of the bamboo strips was used efficiently, the quality of the product would be promoted. With Monte-carlo technology, the bending theory of the bea
首先将毛竹轴向分段、径向分层取样系统测试了不同部位毛竹的基本性质(包括基本密度、气干密度、弦向干缩率、顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度等)，主要结果有：不同部位毛竹的基本密度的平均值在0.487-0.904g／cm~3之间，气干密度的平均值在0.637-1.142g／cm~3之间；不同部位毛竹的弦向气干干缩率的平均值在2.00-4.97％之间，弦向全干干缩率的平均值在4.82-8.60％之间。不同部位毛竹的顺纹抗拉弹性模量的平均值在8.49-32.49GPa之间，顺纹抗拉强度平均值在112.89-331.49MPa之间。毛竹的气干密度、基本密度、弦向干缩率、顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度从竹青向竹黄方向变异很大，呈逐渐降低的趋势。
在不同部位竹材性质测试的基础上，分析了竹材、木材物理力学性质的差异，建立了毛竹的物理力学性质与密度之间关系的拟合方程，并针对将竹壁分成6层等厚竹篾工艺生产的竹篾，根据竹材的抗拉弹性模量分别制定了分4级、3级和2级等3种力学分级方法。
借鉴竹帘胶合板的成熟生产工艺，在实验室里制成了不同等级的竹帘层压板，分别研究了其抗弯和抗压等力学性质，结果表明等级间的力学性质差异很大：最高等级层压板的抗弯弹性模量的平均值20.786GPa，是最低等级6.931 GPa的3倍；最高等级层压板的抗弯强度的平均值205.264MPa是最低等级98.443 MPa的2倍；最高等级层压板的抗弯比例极限的平均值127.09MPa，是最低等级59.70 MPa的2倍；最高等级层压板的抗压强度的平均值94.425MPa，是最低等级52.124 MPa的2倍。由于不同等级竹帘层压板的力学性质差异大，因此竹篾分级有利于适材适用，具有很大的必要性。
摘要
老化处理后IVZ级竹帘层压板的厚度平均值增加比率最低(4%)，I级
和111级竹帘层压板的厚度增加率较高，分别为11%和12%。利用老化处理
前的初始厚度计算力学性质，I级、m级、VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保
留率分别为107%、72%和63%(都在50%以上);抗弯弹性模量的保留率
都在100%以上。利用老化处理后的实际尺寸计算力学性质，I级、111级、
VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率分别为88%、53%和58%;I级、IIJ
级、巩2级竹帘层压板的抗弯弹性模量保留率分别为82%、69%和90%;
工级、IJl级、讥2级竹帘层压板的顺纹抗压强度保留率都很高，分别为84
%、82%和80%。从以上的数据比较可以看出:竹蔑分级之后，带有少量
竹青的工级竹蔑和带有少量竹黄的VIZ级竹蔑各自压成的竹帘层压板并未比
111级竹帘层压板的耐老化性能差。相反，I级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率
在3种层压板中是最高的，抗弯弹性模量的保留率在111级和竹2级之间;
VIZ级竹帘层压板的抗弯强度保留率与111级竹帘层压板的相当，而弹性模量
的保留率最高，厚度变化率最小。
在21%破坏荷载的应力水平，通过对H级、且一1级两个等级的低含水率
(MC:5一7%)的竹帘层压板的抗弯蠕变比较研究，初步得出如下结论:用
幂律方程来拟合竹帘层压板的蠕变因子和时间的关系，效果很好，判定系数
RZ都在0.89以上。除了在层压板边缘所取试样(B4)之外，两个等级的竹
帘层压板试样经过相同的蠕变时间之后其蠕变因子差异都很小。而且，两个
等级的竹帘层压板的抗弯蠕变性能都比较好:5个试样的蠕变因子的平均值，
经过60天之后为0.16，估计经过1年之后为住26，估计经过10年之后为
0.49，估计经过50年之后为0.75。即使对于5个试样中蠕变性能最差的B4
而一言，其蠕变变形也很小，经过60天之后其蠕变因子为0.24，经过90天之
后为0.27，估计经过10年之后其蠕变因子为0.79，估计经过 50年之后为
1.27。但是，估计值的准确性尚需进一步验证。
最后，本文将Monte一c盯lo技术、梁的抗弯理论和层积品的截面转换的
简化分析方法结合起来，对一种分级竹帘人造板的抗弯弹性模量进行了模拟
预测，并对其在两种受力情况下(应力与表层纹理方向平行、应力与表层纹
理方向垂直)的抗弯弹性模量的模拟预测结果进行了试验验证，结果表明模
拟预测的抗弯弹性模量的平均值与实测结果差异都很小(误差在5%以下)，
这初步表明利用Monte一carlo技术和层积品的截面转换的简化分析方法结合
起来模拟预测分级竹帘人造板的抗弯弹性模量是可行的。该模拟技术将为新
的竹帘人造板的研制提供一种可供借鉴和参考的板坯结构设计的方法，有利
于节约新的竹帘人造板设计开发的成本和时间，对分级竹帘人造板的发展、
摘要
竹材的?
Though the great variation of the physical and mechanical properties of the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) is known, the bamboo strips are mixed together in manufacturing the bamboo strip composite in many bamboo factories. Mixing method is convenient but hard to accomplish the optimization use of the bamboo material. The major purpose of this research is to accomplish the optimization use of the bamboo material through bamboo strip grading and scientifically designing of the bamboo curtain composite. The following jobs have been done in order to realize this purpose: testing and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo material at different location, and seeking for reasonable bamboo strip (bamboo curtain) grading rules; testing and analyzing some mechanical properties of parallel Moso bamboo curtain laminated panels; simulating the bamboo curtain composite to predict the MOE.The basic properties (including basic and air-dried density, the shrinkage rate, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain) of Moso bamboo at different locations were studied. The results show that the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain declined most rapidly form the outer to the inner part of the bamboo wall, that compared with the softwood the tensile strength of inner and outer part of bamboo is higher, and the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain of inner part is lower. So it is suitable to grade the bamboo strips according to the tensile modulus of elasticity parallel to grain. For the craft of cutting the bamboo wall into 6 strips with the same thickness, the grading system of 4. 3 and 2 grades are established respectively.The parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of different grades were manufactured in the laboratory using the mature production technology of bamboo curtain plywood, and the bending and compression properties have been studied respectively. The results show that the properties of different grades of parallel bamboo curtain panels differ greatly: the MOE of the highest grade laminated panel is about the 3 times that of the minimum grade; the bending
strength, the proportional limit of bending, the compressive strength parallel to grain of the highest grade laminated panel are approximately 2 times those of the minimum grade. The gap in the mechanical properties (especially MOE) of different grades of parallel bamboo curtain laminated panel is big. Therefore, the construction of bamboo strip grading system is necessary and helpful for bamboo utilization properly and efficiently.The accelerated ageing tests of the parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of grade I ,III and IV 2 were carried out in accordance to ASTM D1037-96a. The test results indicated that the ageing resistance of the panel manufactured with the bamboo strips of grade I (with a little bamboo epidermis which wettability is bad) and panels manufactured with the bamboo strips of grade IV2 (with a little bamboo pith which wettability is bad) is not bad.The bending creep factor of the parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels of grade II and IV 1 were studied in accordance to ENV1156. The main conclusion is as the following: bamboo panels absorbed and desorbed moisture slowly; there is little difference in creep factor between the two grades of parallel bamboo curtain laminated panels (MC: 5-7%)at a stress level of 21% Fmax. In addition, power law functions can well define the relation between the creep factor and the creep time.Compared with wood as well as some structural composite lumber, the MOE and MOR and compression strength of the high-grade parallel curtain laminated panel is higher; the strength of the low-grade panels is medium but the MOE is lower. How to use the low-grade bamboo strips reasonably is a problem to be solved. If the structure of the bamboo curtain composite was designed scientifically and each grade of the bamboo strips was used efficiently, the quality of the product would be promoted. With Monte-carlo technology, the bending theory of the bea
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