辉钼矿与难选钼矿的柱式高效分选工艺研究
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摘要
钼是一种重要的稀有金属和战略储备资源,对整个国民经济及人类健康,都起着极其重要的作用。近年来,随着矿石开采量加大,富矿资源减少,贫细杂难选钼矿石的比例不断增加,在此背景下,钼选矿呈现出典型的微细粒分选的特点,并出现了两大需求与研究热点:一是钼精矿的质量进一步提高,二是难选钼矿的开发与利用。辉钼矿与难选钼矿的柱式高效分选工艺研究就是在此背景下提出的。
本文首先对钼矿分选的可浮性特征进行了研究。无论精选过程、粗选过程还是难选钼矿的分选,可浮性都呈现变化的物性特征-“开始易浮,后期可浮性逐渐变差,越来越难浮”。以物性为背景,提出了把旋流-静态微泡浮选柱分选方法应用于钼分选的设想,并结合对“非均衡”分选过程的分析,研究了其适用于钼矿高效分选的可能性。此外,系统分析研究了微泡析出及形成对基于微细粒易浮钼矿分选的独特作用,并围绕旋流静态微泡浮选柱旋流力场的作用机理和管流矿化的紊流环境对难选颗粒的分选作用进行了较为系统的研究。
本文首先开展了辉钼矿柱式精选研究,建立了钼矿精选半工业分流试验系统并进行了系列分选试验。在确定了处理量和药剂制度及操作参数等条件的基础上,进行了连续运转试验,结果表明:以浮选粗精矿再磨后的物料为试验入料,在平均品位5%、处理量1.51t/d的条件下,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱一粗两精流程,获得钼精矿品位53.21%,精选回收率92.95%的指标;通过与一粗两精一扫流程的对比试验,确定了一粗两精为最终试验流程;与现场浮选机九次精选一次精扫工艺相比较,在相同入料条件下,采用该工艺钼精矿品位提高6.52%,精选回收率提高7.31%。对精选过程进行分析,认为影响精选回收率的主要是磨矿细度、解离度和分选溶液环境等因素。进行深入分析认为,管流浮选装置的独特结构有利于析出和形成大量微泡,对于钼矿精选的细颗粒物料分选十分有利,大量的微泡不仅可以极大提高矿化概率,更有利于表面疏水性极好的辉钼矿颗粒加速上浮。
浮选柱无法应用于粗选工艺和难以实现全流程分选工艺,是目前浮选柱设备的薄弱环节。在钼精选的基础上,本文对流沙山钼矿进行了实验室试验和柱式全流程分选工业应用试验研究。通过实验室试验确定了磨矿细度药剂制度和磨矿细度等试验,在确定了处理量、循环量和充气量等条件后进行了全流程分选工业系统试验。试验结果表明:针对流沙山钼矿石中硫化钼为易选的辉钼矿,氧化钼以难选钼钙矿为主的特点,采用柱式工艺对硫化矿和氧化矿分别选别,硫化矿采用一粗两精流程,氧化矿采用脱泥分选、粗粒分选和一次精选的流程,获得了硫化钼精矿品位45%以上、氧化钼精矿10%以上,综合钼精矿品位42%以上、综合回收率70%以上的指标。对粗选过程和全流程分选进行分析认为,旋流力场结构促进了矿化气絮团的分离效果,中矿循环返回再选使难选颗粒有了多次矿化分离的机会,因而可以提高粗选环节的回收率。
本文对夜长坪难选氧化钼矿进行了柱式分选研究,建立了从实验室到工业应用的各级试验系统,并在此基础上开展了难选氧化钼矿的系列试验研究。实验室细泥分选试验结果表明:浮选柱在分选细泥方面比浮选机更加优越;半工业分流试验结果表明:对难选氧化钼矿细泥采用柱式一粗两精流程,可以获得钼精矿品位28.55%、回收率59.52%的分选指标,并确立了一粗两精为最终试验流程;柱式细泥工艺工业应用试验结果表明:采用柱式一粗两精流程,精矿品位平均26.9%,尾矿品位平均0.080%,平均回收率为57.81%,获得的各项指标接近于半工业分流试验;柱式细泥分选流程,可使整个生产系统钼精矿指标提高2.33%,尾矿品位降低0.01%,平均回收率提高5.28%。对分选过程进行分析认为,旋流静态微泡浮选柱的强紊流分选环境有利于可浮性差的难选钼矿分选。对于提高难选钼矿石的分选效率作用比较明显。
本文在对钼矿分选过程分析的基础上,通过大量的试验和理论探索,开发了旋流-静态微泡浮选柱应用于辉钼矿精选、钼矿全流程分选、难选钼矿分选等不同的高效分选工艺,获得了较好的分选指标,也为高效开发利用国内钼矿资源提供了一种途径。
Molybdenum is a rare metal and also a strategic reserve resource. It plays an very important role in national economy and human health, and is being largely applied in industrial field. In recent years, with the increasing of exploiting molybdenum, rich mine resources are reducing and the proportion of poverty, fine, miscellaneous, and difficultly-separated molybdenum ores are constantly increasing, so the separation equipment and technology were put forward to higher requirement. In this background, molybdenum mineral shows a typical micro-fine separation characteristics, and two major needs and two research focus exsit. First, the quality of molybdenum concentrate needs furtherly improved. The second is the exploitation and utilization of difficultly-separated molybdenum ore. Column high efficient separation process of Molybdenite and difficultly-separated molybdenum is proposed in this context.
This paper analyzed flotability characteristic of molybdenum separation process first. No matter for concentrate process, rough separation or refractory separation, the flotability characteristics follow the same trend,“easy to float for the beginning, further worse and worse, and finally more and more difficult to float”. Taking physical properties as background, this thesis points out to apply cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation method to separation of molybdenum, combining with analysis of "non-equilibrium" separation process, and studies its possibilities of application to high efficient separation of molybdenum ore. In addition, system study analyzed the unique function of micro-bubble separating out and foaming on the separation based on the micro-fine and easily floating molybdenum ore. Systematic studies are also carried out on the separation function of mechanism of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation cyclone field and pipe flow mineralization environment to difficultly-separated particles.
Molybdenite column concentrate separation study is first carried out in this paper. The semi-industrial separation test system of molybdenum ores concentration was built up and series of tests has been carried out. On the basis of confirming the conditions of ore consumption, medicament system and operation parameters, continuous operation test are carried out. The test results reveals that, under conditions of using materials after regringding flotation concentrates and average grade value of 5%, consumption 1.5 t/d, one rough process and two concentrate courses of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation can get 53.21% molybdenum concentrate grade value and 92.95% concentrate separation recovery rate index. Compared with one rough process and two concentrate and one scavenging courses, one rough process and two concentrate courses is finally determined as final testing process. Compared with nine concentrate and one scavenging courses of flotation machine on spot, under conditions of the same feeding materials, using such process, grade value has improved 6.52% and concentrate separation recovery rate has increased 7.31%. Analysis of the concentration process reveals that main factors affecting concentrate separation recovery rate are mainly fineness of milling ores, degree of dissociation and separation solution liquid. Further and deep study find that unique characteristics of pipe flow flotation devices has advantage in isolating and foaming large amount of micro-bubbles, which is beneficial to fine particles materials separation of molybdenum concentrate. Large amount of micro-bubbles not only can greatly improve mineralizing probability and promote the quicking floating of molybdenite particles with extremely good surfacial hydrophobilty.
Flotation column cannot be applied to rough separation and full-flow separation, which is weak link of flotation column equipments. On basis of molybdenum concentration, this paper studied on laboratory test and column full-flow separation industrial tests on Liushashan molybdenum mine. Laboratory test determined milling fineness medicament system and milling fineness tests and so on. After confirming conditions of consumption, and circulation gas volume, full-flow separation industrial system tests are carried out. The results reveal that, in view of characteristics that sulphide ore of Liushashan molybdenum ore is easily separated ores, and that oxide molybdenum ore mainly contains difficultly separated powellite, sulphide ores and oxide ores are respectively separated by column technique. One rough process and two concentrate courses are applied for sulphide ore. Desliming separate-coarse separate-one concentration process are applied for oxide ores. Results shows grade value of sulphide molybdenum concentrates is above 45%, grade value of oxide sulphide molybdenum concentrates is above 10%, grade value of comprehensive molybdenum concentrates is above 42%, and comprehensive recovery rate is above 70%. Conclusion can be drawn from analysis of coarse separation and full-flow separation process that, cyclone dynamics construction promotes separation effect of mineralizd air-masses. Re-separation of mid-size ores circular returning increases chances of mineralized separation of difficultly separated particles, so recovery rate in coarse separation process can be promoted.
This paper made a column separation research on Yechangping oxide molybdenum ores. Testing system from laboratory to industrial practices are build up and series of tests on difficultly separated oxide molybdenum ores are carried out on this basis. laboratory fine slime separation test shows that, flotation column has advantage over flotation machines on fine slime separation. Result of Semi-industrial partial flow tests dedicates that, using column one rough process and two concentrate courses to separate difficultly separated oxide molybdenum ores can get 28.55% molybdenum concentration grade value, 59.52% recovery rate, and one rough process and two concentrate courses process is identified as final testing process. Result of column fine slime technical industrial application tests shows that, using column one rough process and two concentrate courses can get average 26.9% concentrates grade value, average 0.080% tailings grade value, average 57.81% recovery rate. Each obtained indexes all close to semi-industrial test. Column fine slime separation process can make the whole producing system molybdenum concentrates index increase 2.33%, tailings grade value reduce 0.01%, average recovery rate improve 5.28%. Analysis of separation process show that, high-intensity turbulent separation environment of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column is beneficial to separation of difficultly separated molybdenum ores with poor floating properties and also has obvious effect on improving separation efficiency of difficulty separated molybdenum ores.
This paper explores cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column through a host of experiments and theoretical researches on the basis of analysis of separation process. In this paper cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column are applied to different high efficient separation processes as molybdenite concentration, molybdenum ores full-flow separation and difficlutly molybdenum ores separation. It also provides a method for highly efficient utilizing national molybdenum resources.
本文首先对钼矿分选的可浮性特征进行了研究。无论精选过程、粗选过程还是难选钼矿的分选,可浮性都呈现变化的物性特征-“开始易浮,后期可浮性逐渐变差,越来越难浮”。以物性为背景,提出了把旋流-静态微泡浮选柱分选方法应用于钼分选的设想,并结合对“非均衡”分选过程的分析,研究了其适用于钼矿高效分选的可能性。此外,系统分析研究了微泡析出及形成对基于微细粒易浮钼矿分选的独特作用,并围绕旋流静态微泡浮选柱旋流力场的作用机理和管流矿化的紊流环境对难选颗粒的分选作用进行了较为系统的研究。
本文首先开展了辉钼矿柱式精选研究,建立了钼矿精选半工业分流试验系统并进行了系列分选试验。在确定了处理量和药剂制度及操作参数等条件的基础上,进行了连续运转试验,结果表明:以浮选粗精矿再磨后的物料为试验入料,在平均品位5%、处理量1.51t/d的条件下,采用旋流-静态微泡浮选柱一粗两精流程,获得钼精矿品位53.21%,精选回收率92.95%的指标;通过与一粗两精一扫流程的对比试验,确定了一粗两精为最终试验流程;与现场浮选机九次精选一次精扫工艺相比较,在相同入料条件下,采用该工艺钼精矿品位提高6.52%,精选回收率提高7.31%。对精选过程进行分析,认为影响精选回收率的主要是磨矿细度、解离度和分选溶液环境等因素。进行深入分析认为,管流浮选装置的独特结构有利于析出和形成大量微泡,对于钼矿精选的细颗粒物料分选十分有利,大量的微泡不仅可以极大提高矿化概率,更有利于表面疏水性极好的辉钼矿颗粒加速上浮。
浮选柱无法应用于粗选工艺和难以实现全流程分选工艺,是目前浮选柱设备的薄弱环节。在钼精选的基础上,本文对流沙山钼矿进行了实验室试验和柱式全流程分选工业应用试验研究。通过实验室试验确定了磨矿细度药剂制度和磨矿细度等试验,在确定了处理量、循环量和充气量等条件后进行了全流程分选工业系统试验。试验结果表明:针对流沙山钼矿石中硫化钼为易选的辉钼矿,氧化钼以难选钼钙矿为主的特点,采用柱式工艺对硫化矿和氧化矿分别选别,硫化矿采用一粗两精流程,氧化矿采用脱泥分选、粗粒分选和一次精选的流程,获得了硫化钼精矿品位45%以上、氧化钼精矿10%以上,综合钼精矿品位42%以上、综合回收率70%以上的指标。对粗选过程和全流程分选进行分析认为,旋流力场结构促进了矿化气絮团的分离效果,中矿循环返回再选使难选颗粒有了多次矿化分离的机会,因而可以提高粗选环节的回收率。
本文对夜长坪难选氧化钼矿进行了柱式分选研究,建立了从实验室到工业应用的各级试验系统,并在此基础上开展了难选氧化钼矿的系列试验研究。实验室细泥分选试验结果表明:浮选柱在分选细泥方面比浮选机更加优越;半工业分流试验结果表明:对难选氧化钼矿细泥采用柱式一粗两精流程,可以获得钼精矿品位28.55%、回收率59.52%的分选指标,并确立了一粗两精为最终试验流程;柱式细泥工艺工业应用试验结果表明:采用柱式一粗两精流程,精矿品位平均26.9%,尾矿品位平均0.080%,平均回收率为57.81%,获得的各项指标接近于半工业分流试验;柱式细泥分选流程,可使整个生产系统钼精矿指标提高2.33%,尾矿品位降低0.01%,平均回收率提高5.28%。对分选过程进行分析认为,旋流静态微泡浮选柱的强紊流分选环境有利于可浮性差的难选钼矿分选。对于提高难选钼矿石的分选效率作用比较明显。
本文在对钼矿分选过程分析的基础上,通过大量的试验和理论探索,开发了旋流-静态微泡浮选柱应用于辉钼矿精选、钼矿全流程分选、难选钼矿分选等不同的高效分选工艺,获得了较好的分选指标,也为高效开发利用国内钼矿资源提供了一种途径。
Molybdenum is a rare metal and also a strategic reserve resource. It plays an very important role in national economy and human health, and is being largely applied in industrial field. In recent years, with the increasing of exploiting molybdenum, rich mine resources are reducing and the proportion of poverty, fine, miscellaneous, and difficultly-separated molybdenum ores are constantly increasing, so the separation equipment and technology were put forward to higher requirement. In this background, molybdenum mineral shows a typical micro-fine separation characteristics, and two major needs and two research focus exsit. First, the quality of molybdenum concentrate needs furtherly improved. The second is the exploitation and utilization of difficultly-separated molybdenum ore. Column high efficient separation process of Molybdenite and difficultly-separated molybdenum is proposed in this context.
This paper analyzed flotability characteristic of molybdenum separation process first. No matter for concentrate process, rough separation or refractory separation, the flotability characteristics follow the same trend,“easy to float for the beginning, further worse and worse, and finally more and more difficult to float”. Taking physical properties as background, this thesis points out to apply cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation method to separation of molybdenum, combining with analysis of "non-equilibrium" separation process, and studies its possibilities of application to high efficient separation of molybdenum ore. In addition, system study analyzed the unique function of micro-bubble separating out and foaming on the separation based on the micro-fine and easily floating molybdenum ore. Systematic studies are also carried out on the separation function of mechanism of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation cyclone field and pipe flow mineralization environment to difficultly-separated particles.
Molybdenite column concentrate separation study is first carried out in this paper. The semi-industrial separation test system of molybdenum ores concentration was built up and series of tests has been carried out. On the basis of confirming the conditions of ore consumption, medicament system and operation parameters, continuous operation test are carried out. The test results reveals that, under conditions of using materials after regringding flotation concentrates and average grade value of 5%, consumption 1.5 t/d, one rough process and two concentrate courses of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column separation can get 53.21% molybdenum concentrate grade value and 92.95% concentrate separation recovery rate index. Compared with one rough process and two concentrate and one scavenging courses, one rough process and two concentrate courses is finally determined as final testing process. Compared with nine concentrate and one scavenging courses of flotation machine on spot, under conditions of the same feeding materials, using such process, grade value has improved 6.52% and concentrate separation recovery rate has increased 7.31%. Analysis of the concentration process reveals that main factors affecting concentrate separation recovery rate are mainly fineness of milling ores, degree of dissociation and separation solution liquid. Further and deep study find that unique characteristics of pipe flow flotation devices has advantage in isolating and foaming large amount of micro-bubbles, which is beneficial to fine particles materials separation of molybdenum concentrate. Large amount of micro-bubbles not only can greatly improve mineralizing probability and promote the quicking floating of molybdenite particles with extremely good surfacial hydrophobilty.
Flotation column cannot be applied to rough separation and full-flow separation, which is weak link of flotation column equipments. On basis of molybdenum concentration, this paper studied on laboratory test and column full-flow separation industrial tests on Liushashan molybdenum mine. Laboratory test determined milling fineness medicament system and milling fineness tests and so on. After confirming conditions of consumption, and circulation gas volume, full-flow separation industrial system tests are carried out. The results reveal that, in view of characteristics that sulphide ore of Liushashan molybdenum ore is easily separated ores, and that oxide molybdenum ore mainly contains difficultly separated powellite, sulphide ores and oxide ores are respectively separated by column technique. One rough process and two concentrate courses are applied for sulphide ore. Desliming separate-coarse separate-one concentration process are applied for oxide ores. Results shows grade value of sulphide molybdenum concentrates is above 45%, grade value of oxide sulphide molybdenum concentrates is above 10%, grade value of comprehensive molybdenum concentrates is above 42%, and comprehensive recovery rate is above 70%. Conclusion can be drawn from analysis of coarse separation and full-flow separation process that, cyclone dynamics construction promotes separation effect of mineralizd air-masses. Re-separation of mid-size ores circular returning increases chances of mineralized separation of difficultly separated particles, so recovery rate in coarse separation process can be promoted.
This paper made a column separation research on Yechangping oxide molybdenum ores. Testing system from laboratory to industrial practices are build up and series of tests on difficultly separated oxide molybdenum ores are carried out on this basis. laboratory fine slime separation test shows that, flotation column has advantage over flotation machines on fine slime separation. Result of Semi-industrial partial flow tests dedicates that, using column one rough process and two concentrate courses to separate difficultly separated oxide molybdenum ores can get 28.55% molybdenum concentration grade value, 59.52% recovery rate, and one rough process and two concentrate courses process is identified as final testing process. Result of column fine slime technical industrial application tests shows that, using column one rough process and two concentrate courses can get average 26.9% concentrates grade value, average 0.080% tailings grade value, average 57.81% recovery rate. Each obtained indexes all close to semi-industrial test. Column fine slime separation process can make the whole producing system molybdenum concentrates index increase 2.33%, tailings grade value reduce 0.01%, average recovery rate improve 5.28%. Analysis of separation process show that, high-intensity turbulent separation environment of cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column is beneficial to separation of difficultly separated molybdenum ores with poor floating properties and also has obvious effect on improving separation efficiency of difficulty separated molybdenum ores.
This paper explores cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column through a host of experiments and theoretical researches on the basis of analysis of separation process. In this paper cyclonic static micro-bubble flotation column are applied to different high efficient separation processes as molybdenite concentration, molybdenum ores full-flow separation and difficlutly molybdenum ores separation. It also provides a method for highly efficient utilizing national molybdenum resources.
引文
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